Chapter 4 Determinants

EXERCISE 4.1
Question 1:

Evaluate the determinant

Solution:

Let
Hence,

Question 2:
Evaluate the determinants:

(i)

(ii)

Solution:
(i)

(ii)
Question 3:

If , then show that

Solution:

The given matrix is

Therefore,

Hence,

Now,

Therefore,

Thus, proved.
Question 4:

If , then show that

Solution:

The given matrix is

It can be observed that in the first column, two entries are zero. Thus, we expand along the
first column for easier calculation.

Therefore,

Now,

Therefore,

From equations and ,

Thus, proved.
Question 5:
Evaluate the determinants

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

Solution:

(i) Let
It can be observed that in the second row, two entries are zero. Thus, we expand along
the second row for easier calculation.

Hence,

(ii) Let

Hence,
(iii) Let

Hence,

(iv) Let
Hence,

Question 6:

If , find

Solution:

Let

Hence,
Question 7:
Find the values of , if

(i)

(ii)

Solution:

(i)

Therefore,

(ii)

Therefore,

Question 8:

If , the is equal to
(A) (B) (C) (D)

Solution:

Therefore,

Thus, the correct option is B.

 EXERCISE 4.2
Question 1:
Using the property of determinants and without expanding, prove that:

Solution:

Here, two columns of each determinant are identical.

Hence,

Question 2:
Using the property of determinants and without expanding, prove that:

Solution:
Here, the two rows and are identical.

Hence,
Question 3:
Using the property of determinants and without expanding, prove that:

Solution:

Question 4:
Using the property of determinants and without expanding, prove that:
Solution:

Here, the two columns and are proportional.

Hence,

Question 5:

Using the property of determinants and without expanding, prove that:

Solution:

Now,
From and , we have
Hence, proved.

Question 6:

Using the property of determinants and without expanding, prove that:

Solution:

Here, the two rows and are identical.

Hence,
Question 7:
Using the property of determinants and without expanding, prove that:

Solution:

Question 8:
By using properties of determinants show that:

(i)

(ii)

Solution:

(i) Let
 Hence, proved.

(ii) Let

Applying ,
 Hence, proved.

Question 9:
By using properties of determinants show that:

Solution:

Let
Hence, proved.

Question 10:
By using properties of determinants show that:

(i)

(ii)
Solution:

(i)

Hence, proved.

(ii)
 Expanding along

Hence, proved.

Question 11:
By using properties of determinants show that:

(i)

(ii)

Solution:

(i)
 Hence, proved.

(ii)

Hence, proved.
Question 12:
By using properties of determinants show that:

Solution:

Expanding along

Hence, proved.
Question 13:
By using properties of determinants show that:

Solution:

Hence, proved.

Question 14:
By using properties of determinants show that:

Solution:

Taking out common factors from respectively,

Hence, proved.

Question 15:
Let be a square matrix of order , then is equal to:
(A) (B) (C) (D) 3

Solution:

Let
Then,
Taking out common factors from each row

The correct option is C.

Question 16:
Which of the following is correct?
(A) Determinant is a square matrix.
(B) Determinant is a number associated to a matrix.
(C) Determinant is a number associated to a square matrix.
(D) None of the above.

Solution:
We know that to every square matrix, of order , we can associate a number called
the determinant of square matrix , where element of .

Thus, the determinant is a number associated to a square matrix.

Hence, the correct option is C.

 EXERCISE 4.3
Question 1:
Find area of the triangle with vertices at the point given in each of the following:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

Solution:
(i) The area of the triangle with vertices is given by the relation,

Hence, area of the triangle is square units.

(ii) The area of the triangle with vertices is given by the relation,
 Hence, area of the triangle is square units.

(iii) The area of the triangle with vertices is given by the relation,

Hence, area of the triangle is square units.

Question 2:
Show that the points are collinear.

Solution:
The area of the triangle with vertices is given by the absolute
value of the relation:
Thus, the area of the triangle formed by points is zero.

Hence, the points are collinear.

Question 3:
Find values of if area of triangle is 4 square units and vertices are:
(i)
(ii)

Solution:
We know that the area of a triangle whose vertices are and is the
absolute value of the determinant , where

It is given that the area of triangle is 4 square units.

Hence,

(i) The area of the triangle with vertices is given by the relation,
 Therefore,

When
Then

When
Then

Hence,

(ii) The area of the triangle with vertices is given by the relation,

Therefore,

When
Then

When
Then

Hence,

Question 4:
(i) Find equation of line joining and using determinants.
(ii) Find equation of line joining and using determinants.
Solution:
(i) Let be any point on the line joining points and .
Then, the points and are collinear.
Hence, the area of triangle will be zero.
Therefore,

Thus, the equation of the line joining the given points is .

(ii) Let be any point on the line joining points and .

Then, the points and are collinear.
Hence, the area of triangle will be zero.
Therefore,

Thus, the equation of the line joining the given points is .

Question 5:
If area of the triangle is square units with vertices . Then is
(A) (B) (C) (D)

Solution:
The area of the triangle with vertices is given by the relation,
It is given that the area of the triangle is square units
Hence, .

Therefore,

When,
Then,

When,
Then,

Hence,

Thus, the correct option is D.

 EXERCISE 4.4
Question 1:
Write Minors and Cofactors of the elements of following determinants:

(i)

(ii)

Solution:

(i) The given determinant is

Minor of element is .
minor of element
minor of element
minor of element
minor of element

Cofactor of is

(ii) The given determinant is

Minor of element is .
minor of element
minor of element
minor of element
minor of element

Cofactor of is
Question 2:

Write Minors and Cofactors of the elements of following determinants:

(i)

(ii)

Solution:

(i) The given determinant is

Minor of element is .

minor of element

minor of element

minor of element

minor of element

minor of element

minor of element
 minor of element

minor of element

minor of element

Cofactor of is

(ii) The given determinant is

Minor of element is .

minor of element

minor of element

minor of element

minor of element

minor of element
 minor of element

minor of element

minor of element

minor of element

Cofactor of is

Question 3:

Using Cofactors of elements of second row, evaluate

Solution:

The given determinant is

minor of element
 minor of element

minor of element

We know that is equal to the sum of the product of the elements of the second row with
their corresponding cofactors.

Therefore,

Question 4:

Using Cofactors of elements of third column, evaluate

Solution:

The given determinant is

Therefore,
We know that is equal to the sum of the product of the elements of the third column with
their corresponding cofactors.

Therefore,

Hence,

Question 5:

If and is the cofactor of , then the value of is given by:

A.
B.
C.
D.

Solution:
We know that is equal to the sum of the product of the elements of a column or row with
their corresponding cofactors.

Thus, the correct option is D.

 EXERCISE 4.5
Question 1:

Find the adjoint of the matrix

Solution:

Let
Then,

Therefore,

Question 2:

Find the adjoint of the matrix

Solution:

Let
Then,

Therefore,
Question 3:
Verify for

Solution:

Let

Then,

Also,

Now,

Hence,

Now,
Also,

Hence, .

Question 4:
Verify for

Solution:

Let

Then,

Also,

Now,
Hence,

Now,

Hence, .

Question 5:

Find the inverse of each of the matrix (if it exists).

Solution:

Let

Then,
Now,

Therefore,

Hence,

Question 6:

Find the inverse of each of the matrix (if it exists)

Solution:

Let

Then,

Now,

Therefore,

Hence,
Question 7:

Find the inverse of each of the matrix (if it exists)

Solution:

Let

Then,

Now,

Therefore,

Hence,
Question 8:

Find the inverse of each of the matrix (if it exists)

Solution:

Let

Then,

Now,

Therefore,

Hence,

Question 9:

Find the inverse of each of the matrix (if it exists)

Solution:

Let

Then,

Now,

Therefore,

Hence,

Question 10:

Find the inverse of each of the matrix (if it exists)

Solution:

Let

Then, expanding along ,

Now,

Therefore,

Hence,

Question 11:

Find the inverse of each of the matrix (if it exists)

Solution:

Let

Then,

Now,
Therefore,

Hence,

Question 12:

Let and . Verify that .

Solution:

Let

Then,

Now,

Then,
Therefore,

Now,

Let

Then,

Now,

Then,

Therefore,

Now,
Also,

Then, we have

Therefore,

Thus,

From and ,
Hence, proved.

Question 13:

If , show that . Hence find .

Solution:

Let

Therefore,

Now,

Hence, .

Now,
Thus,

Question 14:

For the matrix , find the numbers and such that .

Solution:

Let

Therefore,

Now, .

Hence,
Now,

From and , we have,

Comparing the corresponding elements of the two matrices, we have:

Also,

Thus, and .

Question 15:

For the matrix , show that . Hence, find .

Solution:

Let

Therefore,

And,
Hence,

Thus,

Now,

Now,
From equation and

Question 16:

If , verify that . Hence, find .

Solution:

Let

Therefore,
And

Now,
Thus,

Now,

Now,

From equations and ,

Question 17:
Let be a non-singular square matrix of order . Then is equal to:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

Solution:
Since be a non-singular square matrix of order
Therefore,

Thus, the correct option is B.

Question 18:
If is an invertible matrix of order , the is equal to:

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Solution:

Since is an invertible matrix, exists and .

As matrix is of order , let

Then,

And

Now,

Hence,

Hence,

Thus, the correct option is B.

 EXERCISE 4.6
Question 1:
Examine the consistency of the system of equations:

Solution:

The given system of equations is:

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

and

Hence,

So, is non-singular.

Therefore, exists.

Thus, the given system of equations is consistent.

Question 2:
Examine the consistency of the system of equations:

Solution:

The given system of equations is:

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

and
Hence,

So, is non-singular.

Therefore, exists.

Hence, the given system of equations is consistent.

Question 3:
Examine the consistency of the system of equations:

Solution:

The given system of equations is:

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

and

Hence,

So, is a singular matrix.

Now,

Therefore,
Thus, the solution of the given system of equations does not exist.

Hence, the system of equations is inconsistent.

Question 4:
Examine the consistency of the system of equations:

Solution:

The given system of equations is:

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

and

Hence,

So, is non-singular.

Therefore, exists.

Thus, the given system of equations is consistent.

Question 5:
Examine the consistency of the system of equations:

Solution:

The given system of equations is:

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

and

Hence,

So, is a singular matrix.

Now,

Therefore,
Thus, the solution of the given system of equations does not exist.

Hence, the system of equations is inconsistent.

Question 6:
Examine the consistency of the system of equations:

Solution:

The given system of equations is:

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

Hence,

So, is nonsingular.
Therefore, exists.

Hence, the given system of equations is consistent.

Question 7:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.

Solution:

The given system of equations is:

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

and

Hence,

So, is non-singular.

Therefore, exists.

Now,
Then,

Hence, and

Question 8:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.

Solution:

The given system of equations is:

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

and

Hence,

So, is non-singular.

Therefore, exists.

Now,
Therefore,

Hence, and

Question 9:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.

Solution:

The given system of equations is:

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

and

Hence,

So, is nonsingular.
Therefore, exists.

Now,

Therefore,

Hence, and

Question 10:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.

Solution:

The given system of equations is:

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

 and

Hence,

So, is non-singular.

Therefore, exists.

Now,

Therefore,

Hence, and

Question 11:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.
Solution:

The given system of equations is:

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

and
Hence,

So, is non-singular.

Therefore, exists.

Now,

Hence,

Therefore,
Hence, and

Question 12:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.

Solution:

The given system of equations is:

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

and
Hence,

So, is nonsingular.

Therefore, exists.

Now,

Hence,
Therefore,

Hence, and

Question 13:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.

Solution:

The given system of equations is:

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

and
Hence,
So, is non-singular.

Therefore, exists.

Now,

Hence,

Therefore,
Hence, and

Question 14:
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method.

Solution:

The given system of equations is:

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

Hence,

So, is non-singular.

Therefore, exists.

Now,

Hence,
Therefore,

Hence, and

Question 15:

If , find . Using solve the system of equations

Solution:

It is given that

Therefore,

Now,

Hence,

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

and

The solution of the system of equations is given by .

Therefore,
Hence, and

Question 16:

The cost of 4 kg onion, 3 kg wheat and 2 kg rice is ₹ . The cost of 2 kg onion, 4 kg wheat
and 6 kg rice is ₹ . The cost of 6 kg onion 2 kg wheat and 3 kg rice is ₹ . Find cost of each
item per kg by matrix method.

Solution:
Let the cost of onions, wheat, and rice per kg in ₹ be and respectively.

Then, the given situation can be represented by a system of equations as:

The given system of equations can be written in the form of , where

and

Therefore,

So, is non-singular.

Therefore, exists.

Now,

Therefore,

Hence,
Thus, and

Hence, the cost of onions is ₹ 5 per kg the cost of wheat is ₹ 8 per kg, and the cost of rice is ₹
8 per kg.
 MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE
Question 1:

Prove that the determinant is independent of .

Solution:

Hence, is independent of .

Question 2:

Without expanding the determinant, prove that .

Solution:

Hence, proved.

Question 3:

Evaluate .

Solution:

Let

Expanding along ,
Question 4:

If are real numbers and , show that either or

.

Solution:

Expanding ,

It is given that .

Hence,

Either or

Now,
Hence, if , then either or .

Question 5:

Solve the equations .

Solution:

Expanding along ,

Since

Therefore,
Question 6:

Prove that .

Solution:

Expanding along ,
Hence, proved.

Question 7:

If and , find .

Solution:
We know that .

It is given that
Therefore,

Now,

Hence,

Now,
Therefore,

Thus, .

Question 8:

Let verify that

(i)
(ii)

Solution:

It is given that
Therefore,

Now,
Hence,

Now,

(i)

We have,

Therefore,
Now,
 Therefore,

Hence, proved.

(ii)
Hence,

Now,

Therefore,
 Hence, proved.

Question 9:

Evaluate .

Solution:
Question 10:

Evaluate .

Solution:

Question 11:

Using properties of determinants prove that:

Solution:

Hence, proved.

Question 12:

Using properties of determinants prove that:

Solution:

Hence, proved.

Question 13:

Using properties of determinants prove that:

Solution:

Hence, proved.

Question 14:
Using properties of determinants prove that:
Solution:

Hence, proved.

Question 15:
Using properties of determinants prove that:

Solution:

Here, two columns and are identical.

Therefore,

Hence, proved.
Question 16:
Solve the system of the following equations:

Solution:

Let and .

Then the given system of equations is as follows:

This system can be written in the form of , where

and

Therefore,

Thus, is non-singular.

Therefore, exists.

Now,

Hence,
Now,

Therefore,

and

Hence, and .

Question 17:

If are in A.P, then the determinant is

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Solution:

Here, all the elements of the first row are zero.

Hence, we have

Thus, the correct option is A.

Question 18:

If are non-zero real numbers, then the inverse of matrix is

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

Solution:

It is given that
Hence,
Now,

Therefore,

Thus, the correct option is A.

Question 19:

Let , where , then:

(A) (B)
(C) (D)

Solution:

It is given that
Hence,

Now,

Therefore,

Thus, the correct option is D.