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PRACTICAL 5 Subnetting 3

The document discusses subnetting and provides examples of how to divide a network into multiple subnets. It defines subnetting as subdividing large networks into smaller, more efficient subnetworks. Examples are given to show how to use bitwise operations to create two, three, or four subnets and calculate the relevant IP address ranges and broadcast addresses. Potential disadvantages of subnetting such as loss of IP addresses and increased communication complexity are also outlined.

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Abhishek Kumar
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499 views25 pages

PRACTICAL 5 Subnetting 3

The document discusses subnetting and provides examples of how to divide a network into multiple subnets. It defines subnetting as subdividing large networks into smaller, more efficient subnetworks. Examples are given to show how to use bitwise operations to create two, three, or four subnets and calculate the relevant IP address ranges and broadcast addresses. Potential disadvantages of subnetting such as loss of IP addresses and increased communication complexity are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSE307

Classless IP Address (VLSM) and Subnetting


Prepare by Dr. Krishan Kumar, Professor, SEEE
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

CISCO PACKET TRACER


KEYWORDS
TCP
UDP
IP
MAC
Dynamically
Subnet
Placement Interview Question

• What is sub netting.


• Explain the sub netting with examples
Subnetting
Organizations will use a subnet to
subdivide large networks into smaller,
more efficient subnetworks.
One goal of a subnet is to split a large
network into a grouping of smaller,
interconnected networks to help minimize
traffic.
Type of Subnetting

There are two types of Subnetting FLSM and VLSM.


• In FLSM, all subnets have equal number of host
addresses and use same Subnet mask.
• In VLSM, subnets have flexible number of host
addresses and use different subnet mask.
Example
Consider-We have a big single network having IP
Address 200.1.2.0.
We want to do subnetting and divide this network
into 2 subnets.
For creating two subnets and to represent their subnet IDs, we require 1 bit.

So,

We borrow one bit from the Host ID part.


After borrowing one bit, Host ID part remains with only 7 bits.
If borrowed bit = 0, then it represents the first subnet.
If borrowed bit = 1, then it represents the second subnet.

IP Address of the two subnets are-

200.1.2.00000000 = 200.1.2.0
200.1.2.10000000 = 200.1.2.128
For 1st Subnet-

IP Address of the subnet = 200.1.2.0


Total number of IP Addresses = 27 = 128
Total number of hosts that can be configured = 128 – 2 = 126
Range of IP Addresses = [200.1.2.00000000, 200.1.2.01111111] = [200.1.2.0, 200.1.2.127]
Direct Broadcast Address = 200.1.2.01111111 = 200.1.2.127
Limited Broadcast Address = 255.255.255.255
For 2nd Subnet-

IP Address of the subnet = 200.1.2.128


Total number of IP Addresses = 27 = 128
Total number of hosts that can be configured = 128 – 2 = 126
Range of IP Addresses = [200.1.2.10000000, 200.1.2.11111111] = [200.1.2.128, 200.1.2.255]
Direct Broadcast Address = 200.1.2.11111111 = 200.1.2.255
Limited Broadcast Address = 255.255.255.255
Example
Consider-We have a big single network having IP
Address 200.1.2.0.
We want to do subnetting and divide this network into
4 subnets.
Clearly, the given network belongs to class C.
For creating four subnets and to represent their subnet IDs, we require 2 bits.

So,

We borrow two bits from the Host ID part.


After borrowing two bits, Host ID part remains with only 6 bits
If borrowed bits = 00, then it represents the 1st subnet.
If borrowed bits = 01, then it represents the 2nd subnet.
If borrowed bits = 10, then it represents the 3rd subnet.
If borrowed bits = 11, then it represents the 4th subnet.

IP Address of the four subnets are-

200.1.2.00000000 = 200.1.2.0
200.1.2.01000000 = 200.1.2.64
200.1.2.10000000 = 200.1.2.128
200.1.2.11000000 = 200.1.2.192
For 1st Subnet-
IP Address of the subnet = 200.1.2.0
Total number of IP Addresses = 26 = 64
Total number of hosts that can be configured = 64 – 2 = 62
Range of IP Addresses = [200.1.2.00000000, 200.1.2.00111111] = [200.1.2.0, 200.1.2.63]
Direct Broadcast Address = 200.1.2.00111111 = 200.1.2.63
Limited Broadcast Address = 255.255.255.255
For 2nd Subnet-
IP Address of the subnet = 200.1.2.64
Total number of IP Addresses = 26 = 64
Total number of hosts that can be configured = 64 – 2 = 62
Range of IP Addresses = [200.1.2.01000000, 200.1.2.01111111] = [200.1.2.64, 200.1.2.127]
Direct Broadcast Address = 200.1.2.01111111 = 200.1.2.127
Limited Broadcast Address = 255.255.255.255
For 3rd Subnet-
IP Address of the subnet = 200.1.2.128
Total number of IP Addresses = 26 = 64
Total number of hosts that can be configured = 64 – 2 = 62
Range of IP Addresses = [200.1.2.10000000, 200.1.2.10111111] = [200.1.2.128, 200.1.2.191]
Direct Broadcast Address = 200.1.2.10111111 = 200.1.2.191
Limited Broadcast Address = 255.255.255.255
For 4th Subnet-
IP Address of the subnet = 200.1.2.192
Total number of IP Addresses = 26 = 64
Total number of hosts that can be configured = 64 – 2 = 62
Range of IP Addresses = [200.1.2.11000000, 200.1.2.11111111] = [200.1.2.192, 200.1.2.255]
Direct Broadcast Address = 200.1.2.11111111 = 200.1.2.255
Limited Broadcast Address = 255.255.255.255
Example
Consider-

We have a big single network having IP Address 200.1.2.0.


We want to do subnetting and divide this network into 3 subnets.

Here, the subnetting will be performed in two steps-

Dividing the given network into 2 subnets


Dividing one of the subnets further into 2 subnets

Step-01: Dividing Given Network into 2 Subnets-


Step-02: Dividing One Subnet into 2 Subnets-
We perform the subnetting of one of the subnets further into 2 subnets.
Consider we want to do subnetting of the 2nd subnet having IP Address 200.1.2.128.
For creating two subnets and to represent their subnet IDs, we require 1 bit.
So,
We borrow one more bit from the Host ID part.
After borrowing one bit, Host ID part remains with only 6 bits.
If 2nd borrowed bit = 0, then it represents one subnet.
If 2nd borrowed bit = 1, then it represents the other subnet.
IP Address of the two subnets are-
200.1.2.10000000 = 200.1.2.128
200.1.2.11000000 = 200.1.2.192
Finally, the given single network is divided into 3 subnets having IP Address-

200.1.2.0
200.1.2.128
200.1.2.192
For 1st Subnet-
IP Address of the subnet = 200.1.2.0
Total number of IP Addresses = 27 = 128
Total number of hosts that can be configured = 128 – 2 = 126
Range of IP Addresses = [200.1.2.00000000, 200.1.2.01111111] = [200.1.2.0, 200.1.2.127]
Direct Broadcast Address = 200.1.2.01111111 = 200.1.2.127
Limited Broadcast Address = 255.255.255.255
For 2nd Subnet-
IP Address of the subnet = 200.1.2.128
Total number of IP Addresses = 26 = 64
Total number of hosts that can be configured = 64 – 2 = 62
Range of IP Addresses = [200.1.2.10000000, 200.1.2.10111111] = [200.1.2.128, 200.1.2.191]
Direct Broadcast Address = 200.1.2.10111111 = 200.1.2.191
Limited Broadcast Address = 255.255.255.255
For 3rd Subnet-

IP Address of the subnet = 200.1.2.192


Total number of IP Addresses = 26 = 64
Total number of hosts that can be configured = 64 – 2 = 62
Range of IP Addresses = [200.1.2.11000000, 200.1.2.11111111] = [200.1.2.192, 200.1.2.255]
Direct Broadcast Address = 200.1.2.11111111 = 200.1.2.255
Limited Broadcast Address = 255.255.255.255
Disadvantages of Subnetting-
Point-01:
Subnetting leads to loss of IP Addresses.
During subnetting,

We have to face a loss of IP Addresses.


This is because two IP Addresses are wasted for each subnet.
One IP address is wasted for its network address.
Other IP Address is wasted for its direct broadcasting address.
Point-02:
Subnetting leads to complicated communication process.
After subnetting, the communication process becomes complex involving the following 4
steps-

Identifying the network


Identifying the sub network
Identifying the host
Identifying the process
Problem
Suppose a network with IP Address 192.16.0.0. is divided into 2 subnets, find number of hosts per subnet.
Also for the first subnet, find-
Subnet Address
First Host ID
Last Host ID
Broadcast Address
SOLUTION
Given IP Address belongs to class C.
So, 24 bits are reserved for the Net ID.
The given network is divided into 2 subnets.
So, 1 bit is borrowed from the host ID part for the subnet IDs.
Then, Number of bits remaining for the Host ID = 7.
Thus, Number of hosts per subnet = 27 = 128.

For 1st Subnet-

Subnet Address = First IP Address = 192.16.0.00000000 = 172.16.0.0


First Host ID = 192.16.0.00000001 = 192.16.0.1
Last Host ID = 192.16.0.01111110 = 192.16.0.126
Broadcast Address = Last IP Address = 192.16.0.01111111 = 172.16.0.127
Questions/Answers
PRACTICAL WORK
LINK
https://youtu.be/HsBJG2tIWmk
THANKS

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