UNIVERSITY OF NORTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES

SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES

Iriga City

Handout of the Report

Topic: 10 STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Reporters: MA. TERESSA I. ABAÑO and HAZEL B. ROS

OBJECTIVES:
1. identify developmental stages of learners in different curriculum year levels.
2. describe the developmental tasks in each stage.
3. state for yourself how these developmental tasks affect your role as a facilitator of
learning.
FOUR MAIN TYPES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
PHYSICAL – our body growth and it is also called biological process of development
MENTAL – for mind development and it is considered as cognitive process of development which
involve changes in the individual’s thought, intelligence, and language.
EMOTIONAL – deals with our feelings
SOCIAL – where interactions and relationships with others is the main concern.
All four types of growth and development above occur in each stage.

PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

 Development is a continuous development
 Development follows a pattern
 Developments proceeds from general to specific responses
 The rate of development is not uniform throughout life
 Most of the traits are correlated in the process of development

OTHER PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

 Developmental is predictable
 There is wide individual difference in development
 Development is the product of the interaction between the organism and his environment
 Development is cumulative
 Development is application oriented

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

 GROWTH DEVELOPMENT
It is a narrow term referring only to the physical It is much broader and comprehensive term
growth referring to all aspects of human personality-
physical, social, mental, emotional etc.
Refers to increase in size, height, weight, length Refers to overall changes in shape, form, or
etc. structure
It is quantitative in nature and can be measured in It is qualitative in nature and difficult to measure
terms of meter, gram etc. which are standard units
Growth stops when maturity is reached It is a continuous and lifelong process
It is structural in nature Development is functional in nature resulting in
efficiency and maturity
Describes changes in particular aspects of the body Describes changes in the organism as a whole

LIFE STAGES
 Growth and development begin at birth and ends at death
 During an entire lifetime, individuals have needs that must be met
 Health care workers need to be aware of the various stages and needs of the individual to provide
quality health care

10 STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

1. PRENATAL PERIOD: The stage before taking birth
2. INFANCY: Birth to 1 year
3. BABY HOOD: 1-2 year
4. EARLY CHILDHOOD: 2 - 6 years
5. LATE CHILDHOOD: 6-12 years
6. PUBERTY OR PREADOLESCENCE: 9 - 12 years
7. ADOLESCENCE: 12 - 18 years
8. EARLY ADULTHOOD: 19 - 40 years
9. MIDDLE ADULTHOOD: 40 - 65 years
10. LATE ADULTHOOD: 65 years to death

1. PRENATAL PERIOD – 266 days from conception

THREE PHASES OF PRENATAL STAGE

1. GERMINAL PERIOD – it is the period from conception until implantation. Conception occurs
when a sperm penetrates the wall of a ripened ovum forming a zygote. In about 8-14 days, the zygote
gets firmly attached to the wall of the mother’s uterus. This is called implantation which brings the
germinal period to end.
2. PERIOD OF THE EMBRYO – which lasts from the beginning of the third week to the end of
the eight weeks. During this time all major organs are formed, and the heart begins to beat.
3. PERIOD OF THE FETUS – It lasts from the third prenatal month until the baby is born. The
major organ systems begin to function, and the growth of the organism is quite rapid.

2. INFANCY
  Age: is between birth to 1 year old
 The conflict is between – Trust vs. Mistrust
 Dramatic and rapid changes happen
 Physical development – an infant can roll over, crawl, walk, grasp objects
 Mental development – they can respond to cold, hunger, and pain by crying. Begin to recognize
surroundings and become aware of surroundings and people.
 Needs – infants are dependent on others for all their needs. Love and security are essential for
emotional and social growth. Stimulation is essential for mental growth. Infants are dependent on
others for all needs.

EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION OF INFANCY STAGE

 Children should be given opportunity to develop good habits through constant practice, repetition
and conditioning like self-feeding, toilet training, dressing etc.
 They should be able to manipulate objects by allowing them to touch, play, break and construct to
experience and develop ideas of form, shape, size, and color.
 The home and family environment should be conducive for full development
 Parents love and affection necessary for emotional stability
 The children’s questions must be properly attended to
 Speech training and simple stories should be told so the child is given opportunity to listen, imitate to
facilitate his power of expression
 Unhealthy behavior should be avoided and ignored
 Should not impose or pressurize in doing intellectual tasks

3. BABY HOOD – for ages 1-2 years old

It is a time when babies are totally dependent upon their parents and caregivers for their protection
and care. Consistent, adequate, gentle care can encourage the infant to develop the capacity to trust
people.
 It is the true foundation age.

 It is an age of rapid growth and change.

 It is an age of increasing independency.

 It is the age of heightened individuality.

 It is the foundation period of socialization.

 It is the foundation period for sex-role typing.

4. EARLY CHILDHOOD
 Age: 2-6 years old

 Conflict:

 Toddler 2 to 3 years - Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

 Preschool 3 to 6 years – Initiative vs. guilt

  Physical development – growth slower than in infancy. Muscle coordination allows the child to run,
climb, move freely. Can write, draw, use a fork and knife

 Mental development – verbal growth progresses, short attention span, at end of stage ask questions,
recognize letters, and some words

 Emotional development – develop self-awareness and recognize the effect they have on other
people and things. Children feel impatience and frustration as they try to do things beyond their
abilities. This led to temper tantrums (the terrible two’s)

 Social development – at beginning of stage very self-centered one year old to sociable six years old.
Strong attachment to parents. Needs are food, shelter, protection, love, and security

5. LATE CHILDHOOD
 Age: 6-12 years old

 Conflict – Industry vs. inferiority

 Physical development– slow but steady. Muscle coordination is well developed, and children can
engage in physical activity that require complex motor-sensory coordination

 Mental development – developing quickly and much of the child’s life centers around school.
Reading and writing skills are learned, understand abstract concepts like honesty, loyalty, values, and
morals

 Emotional development -- the child achieves greater independence and a more distinct personality.
Fears are replaced by the ability to cope.

 Social development – changes from activities by themselves to more group oriented. They are more
ready to accept the opinions of others and learn to conform to rules, and standards of behavior.
Needs are the same as infancy and early childhood along with the need for reassurance, parental
approval, and peer acceptance.

EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF CHILDHOOD STAGE

 The school, home, community environment should provide opportunity for physical development
like running, climbing, jumping etc.

 Since the child is sensitive and curious their questions should be addressed correctly with factual
information

 Teachers, parents must help develop good habits, values, outlook, attitude, interest and guide them in
the right direction

 To motivate the inquisitiveness of children different child centered methods of teaching like project
method dramatization, learning by doing etc. should be used

 Co-curricular activities such as debates, discussions, seminars should be organized to encourage

group activities

 Fine arts to satisfy emotions and instinct

 Self-discipline should be cultivated.

6. PUBERTY OR PREADOLESCENCE (9 – 12)
PUBERTY– is the process of physical changes through which a child’s body matures into an adult body
capable of sexual reproduction.
On average, girls begin puberty around ages 10-11 and end puberty around 15-17; boys begin around
ages 11-12 and end around 16-17.

CHANGES:
 Changes in height and weight are rapid referred to as “growth spurt”.
 Beginning of the menstrual cycle among the girls and nocturnal emissions among the boys.
 Endocrine system produces hormones which trigger the reproductive cycle.
- Estrogen and Progesterone (females)
- Androgens and Testosterone (males)
 Transformation of the brain, bones, muscle, blood, skin, hair, breasts, and sex organs.
 Changes in voice.

7. ADOLESCENCE (12 - 18)

– is a transitional stage of physical and psychosocial development that generally occurs during the
period from puberty to legal adulthood.
- is usually associated with the teenage years, but it is physical, psychological, or cultural expressions
may begin earlier and end later.
STAGES OF ADOLESCENCE
1. Early Adolescence 2. Middle Adolescence 3. Late Adolescents

 Moving towards a unique identity.

 Moving towards independence.
 Moving towards physical maturity.
 Moving towards meaningful relationships, employment, and disengagement from family.

8. EARLY ADULTHOOD (19 - 40)

- also called emerging adulthood
- is a stage of life between 19 and 40 years, when adolescents become more independent and explore
different life possibilities.
- Usually the most productive life stage.

9. MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (40 – 65)

- this time span has been defined as the time between ages 40 to 65 years old.
 The body may slow down and the middle aged might become more sensitive to diet, substance
abuse, stress, and rest. Chronic health problems can become an issue along with disability or disease.
 Changes begin to occur.
 Mental ability can continue to increase.
 Can be a period of contentment or crisis.

10. LATE ADULTHOOD (65 YEARS TO DEATH)

– refers to ages nearing or surpassing the life expectancy of human beings and is thus the end of the
human life cycle.
- this stage is the extension after 65 years till death.

 Physical developments are on the decline. All body systems are affected.
 Mental abilities vary among individuals.
 Emotional development varies depending on individual’s ability to cope.

Senescence
- the organic process of ageing

Gerontology
- the medical study of the aging process.

“All human life at every stage of its development is worthy of protection”.

― Marco Rubio

Prepared by:
MA. TERESSA I. ABAÑO
HAZEL B. ROS
MaEd – Administration and Supervision

Submitted to:
DR. IMELDA B. ALBERO
Professor (EDUC 201)