Ge Elec 1 - Chapter 4

SELECTING
A TOPIC
AND A
PURPOSE
Module 4
IN THIS
DISCUSSION
CHOOSING A TOPIC
BRAINSTORMING FOR TOPICS
DETERMINING THE GENERAL PURPOSE
DETERMINING THE SPECIFIC PURPOSE
TIPS FOR FORMULATING THE SPECIFIC PURPOSE
STATEMENT
QUESTIONS TO ASK ABOUT YOUR SPECIFIC PURPOSE
PHRASING THE CENTRAL IDEA
GUIDELINES FOR THE CENTRAL IDEA

CHOOSING A TOPIC
The first step to speechmaking is choosing a topic.
The speech topic is determined by the occasion, the audience, and
the speaker’s qualification. This would appear to be an advantage
since it allows you to talk about matters of personal interest.
Two broad categories of potential topics for your classroom

speeches:
(1) you know a lot about

(2) subjects you want to know more about.
TOPIC YOU KNOW A LOT ABOUT
Most people speak best about subjects with which they are most
familiar.
TOPICS YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE ABOUT

This happens when you decide to make your speech a learning
experience for yourself and or your audience.
For persuasive speeches, you may think of the subjects about which
you hold strong opinions and beliefs.
BRAINSTORMING FOR TOPICS
PERSONAL INVENTORY
First, make a quick inventory of your experiences, interests, hobbies, skills, beliefs, and so forth.
Jot down anything that comes to mind, no matter how silly or irrelevant it may seem. From this
list may come a general subject area out of which you can fashion a specific topic.
CLUSTERING
If the first method does not work, try to use clustering – wherein you take a sheet of paper and
divide it into nine columns as follows: people, places, things, events, processes, concepts, natural
phenomena, problems, and plans and policies. Then, in each column, list the first five or six items
that come to mind.
REFERENCE SEARCH
This is done by browsing through an encyclopedia, a periodical database, or some other reference
work until you come across what might be a good speech topic. One example is limiting yourself to
letter b of the Meriam Webster Dictionary. In just within 10 minutes, you can come up with potential
topics.
INTERNET SEARCH
Another possibility is to connect a subject-based search engine such as google, Yahoo!, or the
Librarians’ Index to the internet. One of the advantages of using the internet in this way is that you
can make your search more and more specific until you find just the right subject.
DETERMINING
THE GENERAL TO INFORM
When your general purpose is to inform, you act as a teacher
PURPOSE or lecturer. Your goal is to convey information clearly,

accurately, and interestingly. Your aim is to enhance the
knowledge and understanding of your listeners – to give
them information they did not have before.
TO PERSUADE
When your general purpose is to persuade, you act as an
advocate or a partisan. You go beyond giving information to
espousing a cause. You want to change or structuralize the
attitudes or actions of your audience. Your primary goal is
to win over your listeners to your point of view – to get them
to believe something or do something as a result of your
speech.
DETERMINING
THE SPECIFIC
PURPOSE
The specific purpose should focus
on one aspect of a topic. You should be able to state your specific purpose in
a single infinitive phrase (to inform my audience about …; to persuade my
audience to …) that indicates precisely what you hope to accomplish with your
speech.
Example:
Topic: Music therapy

Learner’s
Purpose: to inform
Specific Purpose: to inform my

audience about the benefits of music therapy for people with psychological or
cognitive disabilities.
TIPS FOR FORMULATING THE
SPECIFIC PURPOSE
STATEMENT
WRITE Ineffective:
Calendars.
THE PURPOSE
STATEMENT AS A FULL More Effective: To
INFINITIVE PHRASE, inform my audience about the four major
kinds of calendar used in the world
NOT AS A FRAGMENT
today.
Ineffective: What
EXPRESS
is white sand in Manila bay?
YOUR PURPOSE AS A
STATEMENT, NOT AS A More Effective: To
inform my audience about the history of
QUESTION
white sand in Manila bay.
Ineffective:
To persuade my audience that the campus
AVOID FIGURATIVE policy on student parking really stinks.
LANGUAGE IN YOUR
More Effective:
PURPOSE STATEMENT To persuade my audience that the
campus policy on student
parking should be revised to provide more
spaces for students before 5 p.m.
Ineffective: To
persuade my audience to become literacy tutors and donate time
to the Special
Olympics.
LIMIT YOU PURPOSE
STATEMENT TO ONE More Effective:
To persuade my audience to become literacy tutors. Or,
DISTINCT IDEA
More Effective: To
persuade my audience to donate time to the Special Olympics.
Ineffective: To persuade
my audience that something should be done about
MAKE medical care.
SURE YOUR SPECIFIC

More Effective:
PURPOSE IS NOT TOO To persuade my audience that the federal government
VAGUE OR GENERAL should adopt a system of
national health insurance for all people in the United
States.
QUESTIONS TO ASK
ABOUT
YOUR SPECIFIC
PURPOSE
Does my purpose Is the purpose
meet the relevant to
assignment? my audience?
Is the purpose
too trivial
for my audience?
Can I accomplish Is the purpose

my too
purpose in the technical for my
time allotted? audience?
PHRASING THE
CENTRAL IDEA
The central idea is a concise statement of what you expect to say. Sometimes, it is called
the thesis statement, the subject sentence, or the major thought. Whatever the term, the
central idea is usually expressed as a simple, declarative sentence that refines and
sharpens the specific purpose statement.
Another way to think of the central idea is as your residual message.
Residual message – what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has
forgotten everything else in a speech.
Example:
Topic: Music therapy
General Purpose: To inform
Specific Purpose: To explain the benefits of music therapy for people with psychological
or cognitive disabilities.
Central Idea: Music therapy developed as a formal mode of treatment during the
twentieth century, utilizes several methods, and is explained by several theories that
account for its success.
GUIDELINES FOR THE
CENTRAL IDEA
SHOULD SHOULD
BE EXPRESSED IN S FULL NOT BE IN THE FORM OF
SENTENCE A QUESTION
SHOULD SHOULD
AVOID FIGURATIVE NOT BE VAGUE OR
LANGUAGE OVERLY GENERAL
EXAMPLES OF POORLY WRITTEN
CENTRAL IDEAS
INEFFECTIVE: PAYING INEFFECTIVE: PROBLEM OF

TAXES MONTHLY FOR THE THE PHILIPPINES.
DOLOMITES IS A GOOD IDEA.
INEFFECTIVE: WHAT ARE INEFFECTIVE: MANILA BAY IS AN

DOLOMITES? AWESOME PLACE FOR VACATION.
THANK YOU FOR
JOINING TODAY'S
CLASS.
END OF MODULE.

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SELECTING

BRAINSTORMING FOR TOPICS

DETERMINING THE GENERAL PURPOSE

DETERMINING THE SPECIFIC PURPOSE

TIPS FOR FORMULATING THE SPECIFIC PURPOSE

QUESTIONS TO ASK ABOUT YOUR SPECIFIC PURPOSE

PHRASING THE CENTRAL IDEA

GUIDELINES FOR THE CENTRAL IDEA

Two broad categories of potential topics for your classroom

(1) you know a lot about

TOPICS YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE ABOUT

PURPOSE or lecturer. Your goal is to convey information clearly,

Topic: Music therapy

Specific Purpose: to inform my

SURE YOUR SPECIFIC

Can I accomplish Is the purpose

Another way to think of the central idea is as your residual message.

Topic: Music therapy

General Purpose: To inform

INEFFECTIVE: PAYING INEFFECTIVE: PROBLEM OF

INEFFECTIVE: WHAT ARE INEFFECTIVE: MANILA BAY IS AN

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