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Pre-Calculus-Module-1-Lesson-3-Ellipse PowerPoint

(1) This document defines ellipses and discusses how to determine their standard equation, graph them, and convert between general and standard forms. Key parts of an ellipse like foci, vertices, and covertices are also defined. (2) Examples are provided to graph ellipses given their standard equation, find the standard equation given properties like the foci or axes, and convert between general and standard forms. (3) Key terms discussed include foci, vertices, covertices, major and minor axes, and using the constant sum of distances from foci to define an ellipse. Converting between general and standard forms allows graphing and determining ellipse properties.

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Marc Lapus
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101 views27 pages

Pre-Calculus-Module-1-Lesson-3-Ellipse PowerPoint

(1) This document defines ellipses and discusses how to determine their standard equation, graph them, and convert between general and standard forms. Key parts of an ellipse like foci, vertices, and covertices are also defined. (2) Examples are provided to graph ellipses given their standard equation, find the standard equation given properties like the foci or axes, and convert between general and standard forms. (3) Key terms discussed include foci, vertices, covertices, major and minor axes, and using the constant sum of distances from foci to define an ellipse. Converting between general and standard forms allows graphing and determining ellipse properties.

Uploaded by

Marc Lapus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Ellipse

Lesson 3
What I Need to Know

Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:


o define an ellipse;
o determine the standard form of equation of an
ellipse;
o graph an ellipse in a Cartesian coordinate system;
o discuss the parts of ellipse;
o convert the general equation of an ellipse to
standard form and vice versa.
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WHAT’S NEW
Name the parts of the two figures below using the terms
found in the box.
first vertex first focus center
second focus second vertex radius

3
ELLIPSE
a set of all points in a plane, the sum whose
distances from two fixed points is constant
EXAMPLE 3.1

Convert the general equations to standard form:

a. 9𝑥 2 + 8𝑦 2 = 288

b. 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 24𝑥 − 16𝑦 + 52 = 0

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6
EXAMPLE 3.2

Convert the standard equations to general form:

𝑦−2 2 𝑥−3 2
a. 25
+
9
=1

𝑥−1 2 𝑦+1 2
b. 100
+
36
=1

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DEFINITION AND EQUATION OF AN ELLIPSE
Consider the points 𝐹1 (−3,0) and 𝐹2 3,0 , as shown below.

There are other points 𝑷


such that 𝑷𝑭𝟏 + 𝑷𝑭𝟐 = 𝟏.
The collection of all such
points forms a shape called
an ellipse.

What is the sum of the distances of 𝐴(4, 2.4) from 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 ?


How about the sum of the distances of 𝐵 (and 𝐶(0, −4))from
from 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 ?
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DEFINITION OF AN ELLIPSE

Let F1 and F2 be two distinct points. The set of all points P, whose
distances from F1 and F2 add up to a certain constant, is called an
ellipse. The points F1 and F2 are called the foci of the ellipse.
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(1) Center : origin 𝑽(𝟎, 𝟎)
(2) Foci : 𝑭𝟏 (−𝒄, 𝟎) and 𝑭𝟐 (𝒄, 𝟎)
✘Each focus is c units away from the center.
✘For any point on the ellipse, the sum of its distances from the foci is 2a.
(3) Vertices : 𝑽𝟏 (−𝒂, 𝟎) and 𝑽𝟐 (𝒂, 𝟎)
✘The vertices are points on the ellipse, collinear with the center and foci.
✘If 𝒚 = 𝟎, then 𝒙 = ±𝒂. Each vertex is a units away from the center.
✘The segment 𝑽𝟏𝑽𝟐 is called the major axis. Its length is 2a. It divides the ellipse into congruent parts.
(4) Vertices : 𝑾𝟏 (𝟎, −𝒃) and 𝑾𝟐 (𝟎, 𝒃)
✘The segment through the center, perpendicular to the major axis, is the minor axis. It meets the ellipse
at the covertices. It divides the ellipse into two congruent parts.
✘If 𝒙 = 𝟎, then 𝒚 = ±𝒃. Each covertex is b units away from the center.
✘The minor axis 𝑾𝟏𝑾𝟐 is 2b units long. Since a > b, the major axis is longer than the minor axis.
14
EXAMPLE 3.3

Give the coordinates of the foci, vertices, and covertices


𝑥2 𝑦2
of the ellipse with equation + = 1. Sketch the
25 9
graph, and include these points.

15
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EXAMPLE 3.4

Find the (standard) equation of the ellipse whose foci


are 𝐹1 (−3,0) and 𝐹2 (3,0), such for any point on it,
the sum of its distances from the foci is 10.

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EXAMPLE 3.5

Give the coordinates of the coordinates of the center,


foci, vertices, and covertices of the ellipse with the
given equation. Sketch the graph, and include the
points.
𝑥+3 2 𝑦−5 2
a. 24
+
49
=1

b. 9𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 − 126𝑥 + 64𝑦 = 71


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EXAMPLE 3.6

The foci of an ellipse are (−3, −6) and (−3,2). For


any point on the ellipse, the sum of its distances from
the foci is 14. Find the standard equation of the ellipse.

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EXAMPLE 3.7

An ellipse has vertices (2 − 61, −5) and (2 +


61, −5) and its minor axis is 12 units long. Find the
standard equation and its foci.

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THANKS!
That’s all for Lesson 3.
Any questions?

27

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