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String in Python

String in Python
By Manoj 7.6 K Views 22  min read Updated on March 25, 2022

In this module of the Python tutorial, we will learn in detail about the string data type in Python. We will further learn how to
create, access, and update strings. Toward the end of the tutorial, we will learn about various string operators and string
methods.

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Python Strings and String Function in Python

Python string is an ordered collection of characters that is used to represent and store text-based information. Strings are
stored as individual characters in a contiguous memory location. It can be accessed from both directions: forward and
backward. Characters are nothing but symbols. Strings are immutable Data Types in Python, which means that once a
string is created, it cannot be changed. In this module, we will learn all about strings in Python so as to get started with
strings.

Watch this video on ‘Python String Operations’:

String Operations in Python | Python Tutorial | Lear…

Lear…

Following is the list of all topics that are covered in this module.

Creating a String in python

Accessing Python String Characters
Updating or Deleting a String in Python
 Python String Operators
Built-in Python String Methods and Python String Functions

So, without any further ado, let’s get started.

Creating a String in Python

In Python, strings are created using either single quotes or double-quotes. We can also use triple quotes, but usually triple
quotes are used to create docstrings or multi-line strings.

#creating a string with single quotes

String1 = ‘Intellipaat’

print (String1)#creating a string with double quotes

String2 = “Python tutorial”

Print (Strings2)

After creating strings, they can be displayed on the screen using the print () method as shown in the above example. The
output of the above example will be as follows:

Intellipaat

Python Tutorial

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Accessing Python String Characters

In Python, the characters of string can be individually accessed using a method called indexing. Characters can be accessed
from both directions: forward and backward. Forward indexing starts form 0, 1, 2…. Whereas, backward indexing starts
form −1, −2, −3…, where −1 is the last element in a string, −2 is the second last, and so on. We can only use the integer
number type for indexing; otherwise, the TypeError will be raised.

Example:

String1 = ‘intellipaat’

print (String1)

print (String1[0])

print (String1[1])

print (String1[-1])

Output:

Intellipaat

Updating or Deleting a String in Python

As discussed above, strings in Python are immutable and thus updating or deleting an individual character in a string is not
allowed, which means that changing a particular character in a string is not supported in Python. Although, the whole string
can be updated and deleted. The whole string is deleted using a built-in ‘del’ keyword.

Example:

#Python code to update an entire string

String1 = ‘Intellipaat Python Tutorial’

print (“original string: “)

print (String1)String1 = ‘Welcome to Intellipaat’

print (“Updated String: “)

print (String1)

 Output:

Original String:

Intellipaat Python Tutorial

Updated String:

Welcome to Intellipaat

Example:

#Python code to delete an entire string

String1 = ‘Intellipaat Python tutorial’

print (String1)

del String1

print (String1)

Output:

Intellipaat Python tutorial

Traceback (most recent call last):

File “”, line 1, in

NameError: name ‘String1’ is not defined

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Python String Operators

There are three types of operators supported by a string, which are:

Basic Operators (+, *)

Relational Operators (<, ><=, >=, ==, !=)
Membership Operators (in, not in)

Table: Common String Constants and Operations

Operators Description

s1 = ‘  ’ Empty string

s2 = “a string” Double quotes

block = ‘‘‘…’’’ Triple-quoted blocks

s1 + s2 Concatenate

s2 * 3 Repeat

s2[i] i=Index

s2[i:j] Slice
 len(s2) Length

“a %s parrot” % ‘dead’ String formatting in Python

for x in s2 Iteration

‘m’ in s2 Membership

Table: String Backslash Characters

Operators Description

\newline Ignored (a continuation)

\n Newline (ASCII line feed)

\\ Backslash (keeps one \)

\v Vertical tab

\’ Single quote (keeps ‘)

\t Horizontal tab

\” Double quote (keeps “)

\r Carriage return

\a ASCII bell

\f Form feed

\b Backspace

\0XX Octal value XX

\e Escape (usually)

\xXX Hex value XX

\000 Null (doesn’t end string)

Example: Program to concatenate two strings.

S1 = “hello”

S2 = “Intellipaat”

print (S1 + S2)

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Built-in Python String Methods and Python String Functions
Let’s understand some Python String Functions and standard built-in methods

Python String Length

len() function is an inbuilt function in the Python programming language that returns the length of the string.

string = “Intellipaat”

print(len(string))

The output will be: 11

string = “Intellipaat Python Tutorial”

print(len(string))

The output will be: 27

Python Slice String

To use the slice syntax, you have to specify the start and the end index, separated with a colon. The required part of the
string will be returned.

a = “Intellipaat”

print (a[2:5])

The output will be: tel

Slice from the Starting

If you leave out the start index, the range will be started from the first character.

a = “Intellipaat”

print (a[:5])

The output will be: Intel

Slice from the Ending

If you leave out the start index, the range will be started from the first character.

a = “Intellipaat”

print (a[2:])

The output will be: tellipaat

Python Reverse String

There isn’t any built-in function to reverse a given String in Python but the easiest way is to do that is to use a slice that
starts at the end of the string, and goes backward.

x = “intellipaat” [::-1]

print(x)

The output will be: taapilletni

Python Split String

The split() method lets you split a string, and returns a list where each word of the string is an item in the list.

x=”Intellipaat Python Tutorial”

a=x.split()

print(a)

The output will be: [‘Intellipaat’, ‘Python’, ‘Tutorial’]

By default, the separator is any whitespace, but it can be specified otherwise. 

Python Concatenate Strings

The + operator is used to add or concatenate a string to another string

a = “Python tutorial”

b = “ by Intellipaat”

c = a + b

print(c)

The output will be: Python tutorial by Intellipaat

Python Compare Strings

We can compare Strings in Python using Relational Operators. These operators compare the Unicode values of each
character of the strings, starting from the zeroth index till the end of the strings. According to the operator used, it returns
a boolean value.

print(“Python” == “Python”)

print(“Python” < “python”)

print(“Python” > “python”)

print(“Python” != “Python”)

The outputs will be:

True

True

False

False

Python list to string

In python, using the .join() method, any list can be converted to string.

a = [‘Intellipaat ’, ‘Python ’, ‘Tutorial ’]

b = “”

print(b.join(a)) 

The output will be: Intellipaat Python Tutorial

Python String Replace
The replace() method in Python will replace the specifies phrase with another.

a = ”I like Programming”

b = a.replace(“Programming”, “Python”)

print(b) 

The output will be: I like Python

Go through the following table to understand some other Python String Methods:

String Method/String Function in Description of String Method/String Function in Python

Python

capitalize() It capitalizes the first letter of a string.

center(width, fillchar) It returns a space-padded string with the original string centered to.

count(str, beg= 0,end=len(string)) It counts how many times ‘str’ occurs in a string or in the substring of a string
if the starting index ‘beg’ and the ending index ‘end’ are given.

encode(encoding=’UTF- It returns an encoded string version of a string; on error, the default is to raise
8′,errors=’strict’) a ValueError unless errors are given with ‘ignore’ or ‘replace’.

endswith(suffix, beg=0, It determines if a string or the substring of a string (if the starting index ‘beg’
end=len(string)) and the ending index ‘end’ are given) ends with a suffix; it returns true if so,
and false otherwise.

expandtabs(tabsize=8) It expands tabs in a string to multiple spaces; defaults to 8 spaces per tab if
the tab size is not provided.

find(str, beg=0 end=len(string)) It determines if ‘str’ occurs in a string or in the substring of a string if starting
index ‘beg’ and ending index ‘end’ are given and returns the index if found,
and −1 otherwise.

index(str, beg=0, end=len(string)) It works just like find() but raises an exception if ‘str’ not found.

isalnum() It returns true if a string has at least one character and all characters are
alphanumeric, and false otherwise.

isalpha() It returns true if a string has at least one character and all characters are
alphabetic, and false otherwise.

isdigit() It returns true if a string contains only digits, and false otherwise.

islower() It returns true if a string has at least one cased character and all other
characters are in lowercase, and false otherwise.

isupper() It returns true if a string has at least one cased character, and all other
characters are in uppercase, and false otherwise.

len(string) It returns the length of a string.

max(str) It returns the max alphabetical character from the string str.
 min(str) It returns the min alphabetical character from the string str.

upper() It converts lowercase letters in a string to uppercase.

rstrip() It removes all trailing whitespace of a string.

split(str=””, num=string.count(str)) It is used to split strings in Python according to the delimiter str (space if not
provided any) and returns the list of substrings in Python

splitlines( num=string.count(‘\n’)) It splits a string at the newlines and returns a list of each line with newlines
removed.

This brings us to the end of this module in Python Tutorial. Now, if you are interested in knowing why Python is the most
preferred language for data science, you can go through this Python Data Science tutorial.

Moreover, check out our Python Certification Course which will help me excel in my career and reach new heights. Also,
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1 thought on “String in Python”

Python is very interesting,,, please I want you to teach me, python programs for FEBRUARY 19, 2021 AT 5:42 PM

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