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Numbers in Python
Numbers in Python
By Manoj 4.4 K Views 20 min read Updated on March 9, 2022
In this module of the Python tutorial, we will learn in detail about one of the data types in Python, which is the number data type.
We will further learn about different categories of the number data type such as integer, long integer, octal, hexadecimal, etc.
This module also explains the type conversion of the number data type.
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In Python, the number data type is used to store numeric values. Numbers in Python are an immutable data type. Being an
immutable data type means that if we change the value of an already allocated number data type, then that would result in
a newly allocated object.
In this module, we will delve deeper into the number data type. Following is the list of the topics that will be covered in this
module:
Categories of Number Data Type
Integers in Python
Long Integers in Python
Octal and Hexadecimal in Python
Floating-point in Python
Complex Numbers in Python
Number Type Conversion in Python
Python Programs on Numbers
Without any further ado, let’s get started.
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Categories of Number Data Type
The number data type is further categorized based on the type of numeric value that can be stored in it. If a variable in Pyth
on contains a numeric value, the data type of that variable will be under one of the categories of the number data type
based on the type of value assigned to that variable.
The number data type is divided into the following five data types in Python:
Integer
Long Integer
Octal and Hexadecimal
Floating-point Numbers
Complex Numbers
We will now understand each of these categories of the number data type, separately.
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Integers in Python
Python integers are nothing but whole numbers, whose range dependents on the hardware on which Python is run.
Integers can be of different types such as positive, negative, zero, and long.
Example:
I = 123 #Positive Integer
J = -20 #Negative Integer
K = 0 #Zero Integer
Long Integers in Python
L suffix is used for the representation of long integers in Python. Long integers are used to store large numbers without
losing precision.
I = 99999999999L
Octal and Hexadecimal in Python
In Python, we also have another number data type called octal and hexadecimal numbers.
To represent the octal number which has base 8 in Python, add a preceding 0 (zero) so that the Python interpreter can
recognize that we want the value to be in base 8 and not in base 10.
Example:
I = 11
#Then in Octal we will write –
I = 011
print (I)
Output:
To represent the hexadecimal number (base 16) in Python, add a preceding 0x so that the interpreter can recognize that we
want the value to be in base 16 and not in base 10.
Example:
I = 0x11
print (I)
Output:
17
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Floating-point numbers in Python
Floating-point numbers symbolize the real numbers that are written with a decimal point dividing the integer and fractional
parts.
Floating-point numbers may also come with scientific notation with E or e, indicating the power of 10.
Example:
5.6e2 that means 5.6 * 102.
I = 2.5
J = 7.5e4
Complex Numbers in Python
Complex numbers are of the form, ‘a + bj’, where a is real part floating value and b is the imaginary part floating value, and j
represents the square root of −1.
Example:
2.5 + 2j
Number Type Conversion in Python
There are a few built-in Python functions that let us convert numbers explicitly from one type to another. This process is
called coercion. The type conversion in python is one type of number to another becomes essential when performing
certain operations that require parameters of the same type. For example, programmers may need to perform
mathematical operations like addition and subtraction between values of different number types such as integer and float.
We can use the following built-in functions to convert one number type into another:
int(x), to convert x into an integer value
long(x), to convert x into a long integer value
float(x), to convert x into a floating-point number
complex(x), to convert x into a complex number where the imaginary part stays 0 and x becomes the real part
complex(x,y), to convert x and y to a complex number where x becomes the real part and y becomes the imaginary part
Example:
a = 3.5
b = 2
c = -3.5
a = int(a)
print (a)
b = float(b)
print (b)
c = int(c)
print (c)
Output:
2.0
-3
When converting a float data type into an integer data type, the value gets converted into an integer value closest to zero.
Python Programs on Numbers
Let’s go through some common programs in Python.
Random Number Generator in Python
Python doesn’t have a function to make a random number, but it does have a built-in module called random that can be
used to generate random numbers. Here’s how to do it
import random
print(random.randrange(1, 10))
Program to add two numbers in Python
a = input('Enter first number: ')
b = input('Enter second number: ')
sum = float(a) + float(b)
print('The sum of {0} and {1} is {2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))
Program to Check Armstrong Number in Python
An Armstrong number is a number in which the sum of the cubes of its digits is equal to the number itself. It is also called a
narcissistic number.
num = int(input(“Enter a number”)
sum = 0
temp = num
while temp > 0:
digit = temp % 10
sum += digit ** 3
temp //= 10
if num == sum:
print(num, “ is an Armstrong Number”)
else:
print(num, “ is not an Armstrong Number”)
Input: 153
Output: 153 is an Armstrong Number
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Program for Factorial of a number in Python
Factorial of any non-negative integer is equal to the product of all integers smaller than or equal to it. There is a built-in
factorial() function in Python.
For example factorial of 6 is 6*5*4*3*2*1 which is 720.
import math
def factorial(a):
return(math.factorial(a))
num = 6
print(“Factorial of ”, num, “ is”, factorial(num))
The output will be 720
Program to Reverse a number in Python
n = 1234
reversed_n = 0
while n != 0:
digit = n % 10
reversed_n = reversed_n * 10 + digit
n //= 10
print("Reversed Number: " + str(reversed_n))
The output will be 4321
Program for Palindrome number in Python
A palindrome is a number or a string which when reversed, remains unaltered.
num = int(input("Enter a number"))
temp = num
rvrs = 0
while(num>0):
dig = num%10
rvrs = rvrs*10+dig
num = num//10
if(temp == rev):
print("The number is a palindrome")
else:
print("The number is not a palindrome!")
Input: 121
Output: The number is a palindrome
Input: 567
Output: The number is not a palindrome
Program to calculate GCD of two numbers in Python
def hcfnaive(num1,num2):
if(num2==0):
return num1
else:
return hcfnaive(num2,num1%num2)
num1 = 60
num2 = 48
print ("The gcd of 60 and 48 is ",end="")
print (hcfnaive(60,48))
The output will be
The gcd of 60 and 48 is 12
Program to calculate LCM of two numbers in Python
def cal_lcm(a,b):
if a > b:
greater = a
else:
greater = b
while(True):
if((greater % a == 0) and (greater % b == 0)):
lcm = greater
break
greater += 1
return lcm
num1 = 54
num2 = 24
print("The L.C.M. is", cal_lcm(num1, num2))
The output will be
The L.C.M. is 216
Program Perfect number in Python
A perfect number is one that is equal to the sum of its proper divisors, that is, sum of its positive divisors excluding the
number itself.
num = int(input("Enter any number: "))
sum = 0
for i in range(1, num):
if(num % i == 0):
sum = sum + i
if (sum == num):
print("The number is a Perfect number")
Else:
print("The number is not a Perfect number")
Input: 6
Output: The number is a Perfect number!
Program to check prime number in Python
A prime number is a whole number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. The first few prime
numbers are {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ….}.
n = 7
if n>1:
for i in range(2, int(n/2)=1):
if(n%i)==0:
print(n,“ is not a prime number”)
break
else:
print(n,“ is a prime number”)
else:
print(n,“ is not a prime number”)
The output will be
7 is a prime number
This brings us to the end of this module in Python Tutorial. Now, if you are interested in knowing why python is the most
preferred language for data science, you can go through this Python Data Science tutorial.
Further, once done with all Python topics, get Python Certification from Intellipaat to ensure career stability. Also, take
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