IoT Based Multi Room Music System

4. INTRODUCTION

Internet of Things is a concept where each device is assigned to an IP address and through that IP
address, anyone makes that device identifiable on the internet. The Internet is an evolving entity. It started
as the “Internet of computers”. ”Research studies have forecast explosive growth in the number of “things”
or devices that will be connected to the internet. The resulting network is called IoT. It has the potential to
change the lifestyle of people. The major element of IoT-based multi-room sound systems can be defined
as a mechanism to control the multiple music technically possible and feasible in various domestic
processes and replacing them with programmed electronics systems. Ultimately it is a system that aims to
heighten the quality of music as well as the number of music that may be controlled over the internet. This
paper provides a simple introduction to the IoT, its application of IoT and its benefits to society. IoT has
received much attention from scientists, industries, and governments all over the world for changing
modern-day living. IoT is billions of sensors connected to the internet through wireless and other
communication technologies. The sensors would generate a large amount of data that needs to be analyzed,
understood, and utilized. Multi-Room Sound System uses the technology of the Internet of Things for
monitoring and controlling electrical and electronic appliances anywhere from any remote location by
simply using a Smartphone. Implementation of a low-cost, flexible Multi-Room Sound System is
presented.
It im It improves the use of wireless communication which provided to the user.

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IoT Based Multi Room Music System

The objective of the project is to play music in multiple rooms using latest technology like Internet
of Things(IoT). Controlling the speakers without physical presence is our major goal.
Building environment to create connection between user and controller(Raspberry pi). Rsapberry
pi which is the heart of the whole system helps in fast processing and good performance. Creating User
Interface which will be easier for user to use.

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5. LITERATURE SURVEY

The literature within the agricultural domain was analyzed in order to develop this technical
report. Initially, a keyword-based search for conference papers or journal articles was performed
from the scientific databases and IEEEXplore and from the scientific indexing services Web of
Science and Google Scholar. The methodology used for doing this survey is show in Fig. 5.1.The
search terms I used to collect the desired research papers and filter out research papers irrelevant to
agriculture were: {Image Processing + Agriculture}, {Machine Learning + Agriculture}, {Deep
Learning + Agriculture}, {IoT + Agriculture}, {Wireless Sensor Network + Agriculture}, {Data
Mining + Agriculture}. Doing so, I downloaded almost 100 papers, including papers from
IEEEXplore, Web of Science, and other sources. After downloading the articles, I screened out the
duplicates and separated out almost 60 papers for further consideration. For further scanning and
filtering, I performed a full text reading and obtained a final set of 35-40 papers for the articulation of
the survey, which involves papers of image processing, ML, DL, WSN, IoT, DM, and Web Source
of agriculture and farming. The statistical information about the technological advancement in
agriculture is shown in fig 5.2

keywording articles
final set
search download

Fig – 5.1

Fig – 5.2 Number of papers published from 2013 – 2022 on technological advancements
In agriculture

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IoT Based Multi Room Music System
5. LITERATURE SURVEY

The literature within the agricultural domain was analyzed in order to develop this technical
report. Initially, a keyword-based search for conference papers or journal articles was performed
from the scientific databases and IEEEXplore and from the scientific indexing services Web of
Science and Google Scholar. The methodology used for doing this survey is show in Fig. 5.1.The
search terms I used to collect the desired research papers and filter out research papers irrelevant to
agriculture were: {Image Processing + Agriculture}, {Machine Learning + Agriculture}, {Deep
Learning + Agriculture}, {IoT + Agriculture}, {Wireless Sensor Network + Agriculture}, {Data
Mining + Agriculture}. Doing so, I downloaded almost 100 papers, including papers from
IEEEXplore, Web of Science, and other sources. After downloading the articles, I screened out the
duplicates and separated out almost 60 papers for further consideration. For further scanning and
filtering, I performed a full text reading and obtained a final set of 35-40 papers for the articulation of
the survey, which involves papers of image processing, ML, DL, WSN, IoT, DM, and Web Source
of agriculture and farming. The statistical information about the technological advancement in
agriculture is shown in fig 5.2

keywording articles
final set
search download

Fig – 5.1

Fig – 5.2 Number of papers published from 2013 – 2022 on technological advancements
In agriculture

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IoT Based Multi Room Music System

5. LITERATURE SURVEY

The literature within the agricultural domain was analyzed in order to develop this technical
report. Initially, a keyword-based search for conference papers or journal articles was performed
from the scientific databases and IEEEXplore and from the scientific indexing services Web of
Science and Google Scholar. The methodology used for doing this survey is show in Fig. 5.1.The
search terms I used to collect the desired research papers and filter out research papers irrelevant to
agriculture were: {Image Processing + Agriculture}, {Machine Learning + Agriculture}, {Deep
Learning + Agriculture}, {IoT + Agriculture}, {Wireless Sensor Network + Agriculture}, {Data
Mining + Agriculture}. Doing so, I downloaded almost 100 papers, including papers from
IEEEXplore, Web of Science, and other sources. After downloading the articles, I screened out the
duplicates and separated out almost 60 papers for further consideration. For further scanning and
filtering, I performed a full text reading and obtained a final set of 35-40 papers for the articulation of
the survey, which involves papers of image processing, ML, DL, WSN, IoT, DM, and Web Source
of agriculture and farming. The statistical information about the technological advancement in
agriculture is shown in fig 5.2

keywording articles
final set
search download

Fig – 5.1

Fig – 5.2 Number of papers published from 2013 – 2022 on technological advancements
In agriculture

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6. WORKING PRINCIPLES / TECHNIQUES

6.1 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

6.1.1 RASPBERRY PI
The Raspberry Pi is a credit card–sized single board computer established by the Raspberry Pi
Foundation in the United Kingdom to encourage the teaching of basic computer science. Raspberry
pi is a low-cost minicomputer. It is feasible to connect the Monitor of the PC as well as the television
to the Raspberry pi. The mouse and Keyboard are easy to connect to the Raspberry pi. All models
have a Broadcom system on a chip, it comprises an ARM-compatible central processing unit (CPU)
and an on-chip graphics processing unit. CPU has a speed from 700 MHz to 1.2 GHz for the Pi 3. On
board, memory is from 256 MB to 1 GB RAM. Secure Digital (SD) cards are mainly used to store
the operating system and program memory. Raspberry pi board contains USB ports, an HDMI port, a
DSI port, an Audio jack, 40 GPIO pins, In-built Bluetooth, WIFI, and so on. Raspberry pi has its
operating system. Raspbian, Ubuntu mate, snappy Ubuntu, Pidora, Linutop, Arch Linux ARM, and
so on are the different operating systems used for the Raspberry pi. Raspberry pi supports different
programming languages like C++, Python, SQL, and HTSQL. C++ uses for programming Arduino.
HTSQL (Hyper Text Structured Query Language) provides a web interface to a database that is easy
to query via the web browser. It also supports java, javascript, PHP and so on.

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6.1.2 RELAY AND RELAY DRIVER CIRCUIT

Relay is a electromagnetic switch which allows one circuit to switch another circuit while they
are separated. Relay is mainly used when we want to use a low voltage circuit to turn ON and OFF the
device which required high voltage for its operation. For example, 5V supply connected to the relay is
sufficient to Control the bulb operated on 230V AC mains. Relays are available in various
configurations of operating voltages like 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V and so on. Relay has two parts, one is input
and other is output. Input side is t a coil which generate magnetic field when small input voltage is given
to it.

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6.1.3 MOBILE DEVICES

Mobile devices are nothing but small computing devices. They are small enough can be
operated by holding them in hand. They also have their operating systems. Mobile devices are
portable, i.e., Mobile Devices can move from one location to other. Mobile devices include
smartphones, Laptops, Tablets, and so on.

6.1.4 SPEAKERS
The speaker can be used for the Raspberry Pi robot to give your Raspberry Pi robot a voice
and sound. This speaker, connected to the aux jack on the Raspberry Pi, can be used to play music,
voice, and alerts. The Raspberry Pi Speaker must have good quality and loud sound. It doesn't require
an external power supply.

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6.2. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

6.2.1 THINGSPEAK CLOUD

The system uses the Thingspeak cloud. Data can be sent and retrieved from the cloud by
android applications, Raspberry Pi, and various devices. Using an android application, data ‘1’ and
‘0’ are directed to the Thingspeak cloud, and another side Raspberry Pi is used to retrieve the data
from the Thingspeak cloud for turning On and Off the speaker. The cloud has a specific channel id
and read, write API key by which the data is sent and retrieved from the cloud within a few seconds.

6.2.2 ANDROID APPLICATION DESIGN: MIT APP INVENTOR 2

The system uses the Thingspeak cloud. Data can be sent and retrieved from the cloud by
android applications, Raspberry Pi, and various devices. Using an android application, data ‘1’ and
‘0’ are directed to the Thingspeak cloud, and another side Raspberry PaMIT App Inventor -2 for
Android is an open-source web application released by Google. The Massachusetts Institute of
Technology now maintains it. It allows newcomers to create software applications for the Android
operating system. We have created an app that contains eight buttons for various relays that is used to
retrieve the data from the Thingspeak cloud for turning On and Off the speaker. The cloud has a
specific channel id and read, write API key by which the data is sent and retrieved from the cloud
within a few seconds.

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IoT Based Multi Room Music System

The multi-room sound system is IOT based project. It allows users to play music wirelessly in a
house and remote location. The speakers can operate by the android application. Relay Board decides
which speaker has to turn ON/OFF. The Android device's data is sent to Raspberry pi via the
ThingSpeak cloud.

To play music on a particular speaker, first, we should turn ON the respective button in the
android application. This data is sent to the ThigSpeak server. The ThingSpeak server directs this data to
the raspberry pi using channel and API keys; according to commands from the ThingSpeak server,
raspberry pi activates respective GPIO pins. Due to this Relay gets latched to the ON state, and this
turns ON the speaker.

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6.3 LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT/MONITORING

Livestock management, also known as livestock monitoring or precision livestock farming, uses
IoT-enabled devices to track and monitor the health of livestock, most commonly cattle.
How it Works
IoT-enabled livestock management solutions take the guesswork out of herd health. Using a
wearable collar or tag, battery-powered sensors monitor the location, temperature, blood pressure and
heart rate of animals and wirelessly send the data in near-real-time to farmers devices. This allows
farmers to check in on the health and location of each individual animal in their herd from anywhere
as well as receive alerts if something falls outside of the normal range. Rather than physically check
the vitals of each individual animal to see if an illness has spread, they know immediately which
livestock is affected and which are not. Besides tracking health, livestock monitoring solutions can
use GPS tracking to gather and store historical data on preferred grazing spots or use temperature
tracking to determine the peak of mating season.
Key Benefits of IoT-Enabled Livestock Management
 Monitor the health and vitality of livestock in real-time, enabling farmers to quickly treat
animals and prevent the spread of illness or disease.
 Track grazing animals to prevent loss and to identify grazing patterns.
 Gather and analyze historical data to identify trends in cattle health or to track the spread of
illness.
 Monitor readiness to mate or give birth, preventing the loss of new calves and optimizing
breeding practices.

Fig – 6.3.1

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6.4 AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

The automated irrigation system automatically and continuously measures the moisture level in
the soil using a monitoring unit that comprises of several sensors, an Arduino Mega, and XBee Pro
Module. It also measures the temperature and humidity. Each valve in the irrigation pipeline is fitted
with a control unit consisting of an Arduino Mega Module and a Relay to electrically control it power
supply using the Arduino Mega. The water pump at the water source is also fitted with a control unit.
When the moisture level drops below a certain threshold, the system sends a wireless message to the
water pump and the pipeline valves of the irrigation system. Once these valves receive the message,
the power supply to the water pump and valves are altered to activate the pump and open the valves,
causing water to flow through the system and water the soil in that particular region. When the
moisture level rises above a certain level, the system sends a wireless message to the water pump and
the pipeline valves in the irrigation system, altering the power supply to the water pump and valves to
close them, causing water to stop flowing through the system and the pump to stop allowing water
from the water source flow into the irrigation pipelines and into the soil in that particular region. The
automated irrigation system can be applied to a single land section requiring irrigation or multiple
land sections with differing irrigation requirements. While the system is to be used primarily for land
irrigation, it can also be used for automated watering of livestock, and for cooling of plants and
livestock. A simple schematic of the automated irrigation system for surface irrigation of a single
land section is shown in Figure 5.4.1

Fig - 6.4.1
Automated Irrigation System (a) Surface Irrigation for a Single Land Section
(b)Localized Irrigation for Multiple Land Sections.

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6.5 REMOTE MONITORING OF CROPS USING SENSORS

The Internet of things (IOT) is remodeling the agriculture enabling the farmers with the wide
range of techniques. IOT technology helps in collecting information about conditions like weather,
moisture, temperature and fertility of soil, Crop online monitoring enables detection of weed, level of
water, pest detection, animal intrusion in to the field, crop growth, agriculture. Wireless sensor
networks are used for monitoring the farm conditions and micro controllers are used to control and
automate the farm processes. To view remotely the conditions in the form of image and video,
wireless cameras have been used. IOT technology can reduce the cost and enhance the productivity
of traditional farming.
Moisture Sensor Measuring soil moisture is important in agriculture to help farmers manage
their irrigation systems more efficiently. Not only are farmers able to generally use less water to grow
a crop, they are able to increase yields and the quality of the crop by better management of soil
moisture during critical plant growth stages.

Fig – 6.5.1
Temperature and Humidity Sensor You can measure temperature more accurately than a
using a thermistor. The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to oxidation, etc.The LM35
generates a higher output voltage than thermocouples and may not require that the output voltage be
amplified.
Water level Sensor Water level sensor are used to detect the level of substances that can flow. It
is used to indicate the optimize the level of water.

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6.6 MERGING DATASETS

Datasets can be merged and analyzed to uncover new results that may have been overlooked or
discover relationships between various datasets that were not known before. One example of how
merging datasets is used in agriculture is the work done with genomic data. Genomic data is
becoming increasingly important in agriculture as researchers learn more about various crops and
livestock genomes.

Fig – 6.6.1

By combining genomic data with other types of data, such as weather information or soil
composition, scientists can develop new ways to improve agricultural production. With better data
management, information can be shared more easily, making finding answers and solutions for
agricultural problems easier. ”Big data” refers to a huge quantity of data gathered from the different
channels for extended periods. Data collected from sensors, social networking, and business data is
called big data. The big data have many challenges, like capturing ,storage, investigation, and
research. To cut production costs, big data is useful in the agriculture domain for maintaining supply
chain management of agricultural products. DM and data analysis key to increasing production at a
low rate and getting maximum yield with maximum profit.

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6.7 Using AgTech to Increase Farm Yield

Yield forecasting has always been a tricky business, though the seasoned grower is no doubt an
expert, understanding that higher yields are a product of multiple agronomic factors:

Optimal soil conditions

Every crop prefers a particular soil pH, water holding capacity, drainage rate, organic matter content,
and more. Understanding your soil conditions and specific crop needs is essential to growing healthy,
productive crops.For better yields, many farmers use technologies like tillage and drainage tiles to
manipulate soil conditions. However, new strategies like IoT soil sensors can provide real-
time insight into soil conditions to drive actionable management insights.

Adequate soil nutrients

Plants need adequate nutrients to not only grow large and produce healthy fruit, but also to maintain a
healthy immune system and resist pests and diseases. Moreover, some plants like soybeans access
nutrients through microbial symbioses, meaning a healthy ecosystem is a prerequisite for improving
nutrient access and driving yields. Whether through fertilizer or tillage strategies, cover crops, or
strategic crop rotations, farmers make soil nutrients available to plants in many ways. Of course,
every crop has unique fertilizer needs at different growth stages, and over-and under-fertilizing and
over-tilling have long been risky.

Fig – 6.7.1 Plants need adequate nutrients to grow large and produce healthy fruit.

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Plant health

Globally, up to 40% of crop yields are lost every year to pests and disease, according to the United
Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization. Plant health is a product of many environmental and
genetic factors, though certain crop protection strategies like pesticides, biocides, predators, and
cultural practices like crop rotations and planting dates can reduce pest incidence for better yields.
Furthermore, new technologies such as satellite and drone imaging can offer insight into plant health,
generating vegetation indices such as NDVI, EVI, and NDWI — which analyze factors like the
chlorophyll and water content of leaves— to produce birds-eye maps of crop health. These images
can alert growers to possible issues in their fields, indicating problem areas where crops may not be
meeting their growth milestones.

Weather conditions

Farmers of today have more tools than ever to create unique microclimates for plants, with
greenhouses, hoop-houses, hydroponic systems, and irrigation systems among many strategies
employed by modern growers. New technologies such as in-field sensors monitor a host of weather
indices like temperature, sunlight, relative humidity, and soil moisture, which feed into
online dashboards that equip farmers with both historical and real-time data.

Plant genetics

Genetics companies and seed companies form a large segment of the agriculture industry, providing
superior crops adapted to many different conditions, bred for traits like higher yields, uniformity, and
stress resistance. With so much data to manage, some seed companies use digital platforms to
manage trials and growers, analyze variety performance, compare field-by-field and farm-by-farm
productivity, and monitor real-time changes in crop maturity to ensure timely seed harvests and better
yields.

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7. ADVANTAGES

` Agriculture is a significant industry since it accounts for supplies of food for millions of people
all over the world. Farmers, for the most part, employ high-tech equipment, gear, and sensors in their
farming operations. They employ the most cutting-edge agricultural technology currently accessible.
In this piece, I’ll discuss the benefits and drawbacks of agricultural technology.
7.1 Productivity Is Boosted By Technology:
Agriculture has seen a significant boost in productivity as a result of technology; farmers can
now do more work with less effort and in less time. There are several sophisticated technology
instruments and tools that can help farmers boost their farming production. In agriculture, tractors,
automated in-row weeders, robotic lettuce harvesters, carrot harvesters and separators, and other
technology devices are utilized to boost production.

Fig – 7.1.1
7.2 Improved Transportation:
Farmers can now travel more easily thanks to technology. They can readily transfer products
from one location to other. Trucks and tractors are commonly used to transfer crop from one location
to another. Farmers utilized buffalo carts to transfer corps from one location to another before
modern technology. This was a challenging task for them because traveling by buffalo cart took a
long time. However, because of advancements in transportation technology, they may now readily
travel from one location to another.

Fig – 7.2.1
7.3 Modern Technology Has Made Water Supply Simple:
The farmers had a terrible time getting water to their farms. They used to transport water to the
fields in bowls, which took a long time and cost the farmers a lot of money. However, people may
now readily obtain water in their fields thanks to current technological machinery and devices. Water
delivery to the field may be accomplished with ease using contemporary technologies.

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Fig – 7.3.1
For providing water to their farms, they can utilize water turbines, pipelines, drones, and many
other technologies . It saves the farmers a lot of time and works in terms of field water supply.
7.4 Technology Saves Money:
Using current agricultural technology can help farmers save money. With the help of modern
technologies, farmers may work more efficiently, with less effort, and in less time. With modern
technology, work that formerly required a big number of people and a lengthy period of time may
now be accomplished swiftly and cheaply. Farmers are not compelled to pay a separate price for their
services.

Fig – 7.4.1

7.5 Technology Saves Time:

As we all know, the primary goal of technology is to help individuals save time while they
work. In agriculture, technology also saves a lot of time for farmers. Modern technical equipment and
machinery operate at a far faster rate than people do. If a farmer can cultivate a field in a week, they
can do so in a day with the assistance of technology. This is how much time farmers save thanks to
current technologies.

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7.6 Trading And Business Are Boosted By Technology:

Agriculture’s commerce and business are being boosted by modern technologies. They may
simply sell their goods to market and increase their trade and business with the assistance of
technology. With the use of technology, they can simply transport and sell their corpses to other
locations. They may easily contact and interact with purchasers using contemporary technology, and
sell their products, fruits, and vegetables to them. They may also use digital marketing to sell their
harvests, fruits, and vegetables to customers online. This is how agricultural commerce and business
may be boosted with the aid of current technologies. Technology has played a major role in the
growth of the agriculture industry. With the advent of modern technology, the industry has grown
and developed in many ways. The latest advancements in agriculture have allowed farmers to
improve crop yields while reducing labour costs and environmental impacts. The agricultural
industry has a long history of technological advancement. According to the United States Department
of Agriculture (USDA), agriculture has a long history of technological advancements. Today, the
industry is booming as a result of increased demand for food and the development of new
technologies.

7.7 Technology Helps To Boost Soil Fertility:

With the help of modern technologies, farmers may easily increase the fertility of their soil
farming. There are a variety of devices on the market that can evaluate soil fertility and assist us in
caring for our agricultural land in order to increase fertility. A variety of chemicals are also being
researched to improve soil fertility. Using this strategy, farmers may improve soil fertility.
Soil fertility can be further improved by incorporating cover crops that add organic matter to
the soil, which leads to improved soil structure and promotes a healthy, fertile soil; by using green
manure or growing legumes to fix nitrogen from the air through the process of biological nitrogen
fixation; by micro-dose fertilizer applications, to replenish losses through plant uptake and other
processes; and by minimizing losses through leaching below the crop rooting zone by improved
water and nutrient application.

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Fig – 7.7.1 soil fertility prediction using ML

7.8 Farmers Workloads are Reduced by Technology:

The primary goal of modern technology is to lower people’s labor efforts so that they can work
more efficiently. Farmers’ efforts in agriculture are greatly reduced by modern technologies. If some
farming tasks demand a large number of farmers and a lot of effort, they can be simply completed by
contemporary technology with lesser effort and farmers.

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8. DISADVANTAGES

8.1 High Costs of Maintenance: One of the downsides of agriculture technology is its high
maintenance costs. The hefty maintenance costs of the technology make it tough for small enterprises
and farmers to handle. Farmers find it difficult to keep up with technology since they cannot afford
the high maintenance costs of contemporary technical gadgets and machines.

8.2 Environmental Detriment: The majority of technical machinery and devices pollute our
environment, which is extremely detrimental to humans. Tractors, trucks, and a variety of other large
machinery are overused, resulting in harmful chemical fumes and carbon dioxide in our environment.
As a result, our environment has become contaminated and hazardous to people and other living
creatures.

8.3 Use Of Fertilizers And Pesticides: Fertilizer and pesticide use generate a slew of issues.
Fertilizers and insecticides are good for the health and output of plants. However, it has a number of
negative consequences for plants and other living beings. Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides
poisons plants and crops, posing serious health risks to humans and other living creatures. It also
pollutes the soil and water.

8.4 Farmers Who Are Undereducated: The majority of farmers are illiterate, and
understanding how to use current technologies in farming is challenging. They farm in traditional
methods, and using contemporary technology in farming is challenging for them since they don’t
fully comprehend the benefits and risks of using technology in agriculture. This is also one of the
drawbacks of current agriculture technology; not everyone can benefit from it. The majority of
farmers are unable to correctly use contemporary technical gadgets and machines.

8.5 Significant Reduction Of Soil Fertility: Excessive use of technology in the fields
depletes the soil’s fertility. One of the most serious drawbacks of technology in agriculture is that it
diminishes soil fertility. The soil of the fields is harmed and fertility is reduced as a result of
excessive use of technology. Fertilizers and chemicals can boost productivity, but they can deplete
soil fertility over time. Excessive use of fertilizers and many chemicals used for agriculture may also
harm the soil.

8.6 Impact On Health: Overuse of fertilizers and pesticides has been proven in several studies
to have negative health consequences. Overuse of pesticides has the disadvantage of killing soil
organisms that are helpful to the plant and aid in its growth. Aside from that, it has the potential to
contaminate the topsoil. For the time being, nothing else will grow. Pesticides and fertilizers are both
known to have negative effects on human health; even minor skin contact with some of them can
cause severe discomfort.

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8.7 Unemployment: Workers’ services are at risk of being replaced by machines as a result of
the adoption of some technological advancements in agriculture. Some of these technologies
significantly reduce the demand for human employees, resulting in the development of
unemployment, which is harmful to society.

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9..APPLICATIONS

Application of Digital Agriculture:

Technological interventions based on remote sensing, soil sensors, unmanned aerial surveying and
market insights, permit farmers to gather, visualize and assess crop and soil health conditions at
different stages of production, in a convenient and cost-effective approach. They can act as an initial
indicator to identify potential challenges and provide options to deal with them in a timely manner.

Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) algorithms can generate real-time actionable

insights to help improve crop yield, control pests, assist in soil screening, provide actionable data for
farmers and reduce their workload.

Blockchain technology offers tamper-proof and precise data about farms, inventories, quick and
secure transactions and food tracking. Thus, farmers don’t have to be dependent on paperwork or
files to record and store important data.

Unemployment: Workers services are at risk of being replaced by machines as a result of the
adoption of some technological advancements in agriculture. Some of these technologies
significantly reduce the demand for human employees, resulting in the development of
unemployment, which is harmful to society.

Implementation of Digital Agriculture in India:

The main factor behind the gradual acceptance of digital farming in India is the prominence of
segregated small-holder farms in the country, this complicates data gathering. Additionally, limited
penetration of mechanisation tools and frequent natural calamities, like droughts, floods and
excessive monsoon rains, have negatively impacted the deployment of digital solutions in the sector.
Thus, a customised approach would be needed to implement digital agriculture to a typical Indian
small farm, this can be later be scaled up and made available to many Indian farms.

Actionable weather forecasts:

In Andhra Pradesh, India, we provide actionable weather forecasts - weekly, village-level
forecasts paired with specific advisories for groundnut farmers, especially critical for farmers in dry
land areas. Although some farmers were receiving SMS-based weather forecasts, they typically
didn’t know what the forecasts meant for their crops, or what action they should take in their fields.
High listen and call-back rates show strong demand, and we’re exploring offering similar.

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Kisan Diary:
This is an Android app developed by Digital Green for farmers to capture, analyse and control
their financial data and manage their farming and household expenses better. This first-of-its-kind
personal utility app made specifically for farmers provides a free, safe and secure service in 4
languages. The app provides crop and time-based profit/loss analysis. It has seen over 1800
installations.

Fig 9.1

Interactive Voice Response:

Digital Green complements its video approach of disseminating information by integrating

other technology channels to its program. One of them is Interactive Voice Response (IVR).
IVR helps establish direct contact with our beneficiaries who can now be reached anytime,
anywhere, in a cost effective manner using even a feature phone.

Fig – 9.2

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Satellite Yield Estimation:

Digital Green has historically focused on physically visiting and observing practices adopted
by farmers. We are running a feasibility study which will test whether satellite-based yield
estimations are a viable tool for assessing yield, by validating it against our in-person verifications
in partnership with Stanford University’s Dr. David Lobell.

Fig – 9.3

VideoKheti

VideoKheti is a responsive web application that provides access to our video library through
an easy-to-navigate interface for low-literate farmers and extension workers on any device. The
navigational layer uses graphics, audio, and touch interaction to make simple choices in crop, crop
phase and activity to reach the desired video. Designing ICT systems for rural users in the
developing world can be very hard. Just a few of the challenges we face are low literacy, limited
experience using digital technologies, and the wide variability in spoken languages. To overcome
some of these issues, we created VideoKheti, a mobile system that uses speech, graphics, and
touch interaction to help low-literate farmers in rural India find and watch agricultural extension
videos in their own language and dialect.

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Fig – 9.4

Farmerbook:

Farmerbook is an open-access platform that displays detailed timeline-based activities of farmers

we have worked with, along with villages plotted on Google Maps. The application stimulates
healthy competition among partners, village facilitators, and community members through the
sharing of performance data and community feedback.

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10 .CONCLUSION

World population is slated to grow to about 9 billion by 2050. The challenge is to find ways
and means to produce enough to feed it. The challenge of reducing acreage under agriculture and
food wastage in production and distribution are having a major impact on the world. The
increasing role of technology in addressing these issues is the only way forward to a food-secure
future. Technology can help save foreign exchange for countries, increase productivity, and lead
to an improvement in the overall standard of farmer communities. India has a long way to go in
adoption of modern farming practices through technology. The pace is slow and path-breaking
efforts need to be made to educate farmers about the benefits to be had with technology.
Transcending the barriers of archaic farming practices and medieval mindsets is the challenge that
needs to be overcome for a better tomorrow. Technology in agriculture has the potential to truly
lead India to be “Atma nirbhar Bharat” in all respects, and be less dependent on extraneous
factors. Farming will become more essential than ever in the coming decades. Smart agriculture
and precision farming are beginning, but they may be the precursors for much greater usage of
technology in the farming environment. Smart farming is supposed to close the divide between
farmers in both emerging and industrialized countries. Technological progress, development in
IoT, and mobile implementation have significantly led to the acceptance of technology in
agriculture. It is no wonder that most historically practiced agricultural operation shave modified
dramatically. Smart farming methods and methodologies such as the usage of computers,
software, sensors, and information technologies can be conclusion. Farmers benefit greatly from
the use of new technological advancements in agriculture. It allows farmers to operate more
efficiently and effectively. Agriculture employs a large number of technology instruments and
machines. For farmers in agriculture, it saves a lot of time and work. Farmers can perform a lot of
work in a short amount of time with the aid of contemporary technologies. Technology, on the
other hand, has certain negative consequences that we must acknowledge. We must remember
how much technology harms us before we use it.

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11 . REFERENCES

[1]https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
357702838_Smart_agriculture_Technological_advancements_on_agriculture-_A_systematical_review

[2]https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/agriculture/our-insights/agricultures-connected-future-how-
technology-can-yield-new-growth

[3]https://www.agrivi.com/blog/improvements-in-agricultural-technology-increase-farm-yields/

[4] https://fruitgrowers.com/5-unique-technological-advancements-in-agriculture/

[5] https://www.ibef.org/blogs/digital-agriculture-the-future-of-indian-agriculture

[6] https://energy4impact.org/impact/energy-4-agriculture

[7]https://www.1001artificialplants.com/2019/06/06/24-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-
technology-in-agriculture/

[8] https://bscholarly.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-technology-in-agriculture/

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