LABOR LAW I SYLLABUS - SY 2021-2022

RACHELLE AILEEN SANTOS

Consultation days: as arranged with the lecturer, email: [email protected]

Breakdown of grades:

Class Standing: 25% - Assignments/Quizzes/Class Participation – 15%

- Reports – 10%

Prelims: 15%

Midterms: 15%

Finals: 45%

Schedule: Law School

August 16, Monday - First day of classes

August 18, Wednesday – First day Labor Law 1 class

August 21, Saturday - Martyrdom of Benigno Aquino National Heroes Day
August 30, Monday – National Heroes Day
Sep 20-25, Monday-Saturday - Preliminary Examination
November 1, Monday - All Saints Day
November 2 - 6, Monday - Saturday – Midterm Examination
November 30, Tuesday - Bonifacio Day
December 8 – Wednesday - Feast of the Immaculate Concepcion of Mary

December 13-18, Monday-Saturday - Final Examination

Schedule: Labor Law 1

August 18, 2021 Introduction

Rules in class

• Video on, Audio off

• No recording of class
• Break of 15-20 minutes (after 1 ½ hours)
• Raise hand for question
• Message (chat box) if you need to be excused and will need to leave video session
• Students are expected to read applicable provisions of law and the cases assigned (in the
original)
• Graded recitation every class; random selection
• Mutual respect; courtesy

Class proper

• Section 1, Part 1
• Section 2.1, Part 1
August 25, 2021 - Sections 2.2 to 2.4, Part 1

- Section 3, Part 1

Sept. 1, 2021 - Section 4, Part 1

Sept. 8, 2021 - Section 5, Part 1

Sept. 15, 2021 - Sections 6 & 7, Part 1

Sept. 22, 2021 - Prelim Exam

Sept. 29, 2021 - Sections 8 & 9, Part 1

October 6, 2021 - Sections 10 – 14, Part 1 - Reports

October 13, 2021 - Section 1 – Intro, Part 2

October 20, 2021 - Sections 1.1 & 1.2, Part 2

October 27, 2021 - Sections 1.3 & 1.4, Part 2

Nov. 3, 2021 - Midterm Exam

Nov. 10, 2021 - Sections 2.1 & 2.2, Part 2

Nov. 17, 2021 - Sections 2.3 to 2.6, Part 2

Nov. 24, 2021 - Section 3, Part 2

Dec. 1, 2021 - Section 4, Part 2 - Section 5, Part 2

Dec. 8, 2021 - Feast of the Immaculate Concepcion of Mary

Dec. 15, 2021 - Final Exam

PART 1 – EMPLOYMENT: CLASSIFICATIONS & CONDITIONS

1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES

1.1. Source, Nature and Implication

Constitution: Art. XIII, Secs. 1,2,3,13, 14; Art. II, Secs. 5,9,10,11,13,14,18,20; 18; Art. III, Secs.
1,4,7,8,10,16, 18 (2)

Labor Code: Articles 1-6, 166, 218, 219, 267, 290 - 292

Civil Code: Articles 19, 1700 – 1703

• Why is there State intervention?

• What is the nature of the relationship?
• Effect of freedom to contract by parties?
• What are the guarantees (protection) made by the State in favor of labor? In favor of capital?

Cases:

• Lochner v. New York (198 US 45) [1905]

• West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish (300 US 379) [1937]
• Philippine Blooming Mills Employees Ass. v. Philippine Blooming Mills (51 SCRA 189)
 • CBTC Employees Union v. Clave (141 SCRA 9) [1986]
• Philippine Ass. of Service Exporters, Inc. v. Drilon (163 SCRA 386)
• Pakistan International Airlines v. Ople (190 SCRA 90) [1990]
• Philippine Airlines v. NLRC (225 SCRA 301)
• International School Alliance of Educators v. Quisumbing (333 SCRA 13) [2000]
• Joseph Academy of Valenzuela Faculty Association v. St. Joseph Academy of Valenzuela, G.R.
No. 182957, June 13, 2013
• Hocheng Philippines Corp. v Farrales G.R. No. 211497, March 18, 2015
• Malabunga, Jr. vs. Cathay Pacific Steel Corporation, G.R. No. 198515, June 15, 2015

1.2. Application

Constitution: Art. IX, B, Sec 2 (1)

Labor Code: Articles 6, 291

Cases:

• Abella v. NLRC (152 SCRA 140) [1987]

• PNOC Energy Development Corp. v. NLRC (175 SCRA 26) [1989]
• Ebro III v. NLRC (261 SCRA 399) [1996]
• UST v. NLRC (182 SCRA 371) [1990]

2. EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP

2.1 Elements of Relationship

Labor Code: Articles 97 (a), (b), (c), (e); 173 (f), (g), (h); 219(e) & (f)

DOLE Department Order No. 147-15, Sec. 3

DOLE Labor Advisory No. 14, Series of 2021 – Working Condition of Delivery Riders in Food Delivery and
Courier Activities

Cases:

• Dy Keh Beng v. International Labor (90 SCRA 161)

• Maraguinot v. NLRC (284 SCRA 539)
• Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd. V. NLRC (287 SCRA 476)

Note: Control v Economic:

• Angelina Francisco vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 170087 August 31, 2006
• Orozco v Court of Appeals, 562 SCRA 36 (2008)

• Sonza v. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp., 431 SCRA 583

• ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation v Marlyn Nazareno, Merlou Gerzon, Jennifer Deiparine,
and Josephine Lerasan, G.R. No. 164156, September 26, 2006 (you may also see Begino vs.
ABS-CBN Corporation, G.R. No. 199166, April 20, 2015)
• Thelma Dumpit-Murillo v Court of Appeals, GR No. 164652, June 8, 2007
• Fuji Television Network Inc. v Espiritu, G.R. No. 204944-45, December 03, 2014
• Nogales vs Capitol Medical Center, G.R. No. 142625, December 19, 2006
 • Calamba Medical Center Inc. v NLRC, GR No. 176484, November 25, 2008
• Professional Services Inc. v CA G.R. No. 126297 February 2, 2010
• Casumpang v Cortejo, GR No. 171127, March 11, 2015
• Escasinas v Shangri-la’s Mactan Island Resort GR No. 178827, Mar 4, 2009
• Lirio v Genovia, GR No. 169757, Nov 23, 2011
• Joaquin Lu v. Tirso Enopia, G.R. No. 197899, March 6, 2017
• Legend Hotel Manila v. Hernani S. Realuyo, also known as Joey Roa. G.R. No. 153511, July
18, 2012
• WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. et al. vs. Jocelyn M. Galera/Jocelyn M. Galera vs. WPP
Marketing Communications, Inc. et al., G.R. No. 169207/G.R. No. 169239, March 25, 2010
• Semblante v Court of Appeals, GR No. 196426, August 15, 2011
• Marsman & Company v. Rodil Sta. Rita, G.R. No. 194765, April 23, 2018

2.2 Burden of Proof

Cases:

• Javier v Fly Ace Corporation GR No. 192558, Feb 15, 2012

• Jarl Construction and Armando K. Tejada v. Simeon A. Atencio. G.R. No. 175969, August 1,
2012

2.3 Piercing the veil

Cases:

• Sarona v NLRC, GR No. 185280, Jan 18, 2012

• De Leon et al v. NLRC, G.R. No. 112661, May 30, 2001

2.4 Independent Contractors and Labor-Only Contractors

Labor Code: Articles 106-109

DOLE Department Order No. 174, series of 2017

EO No. 51 (2018)

DOLE Department Circular No. 1, series 2017

DOLE Labor Advisory No. 14, Series of 2021 – Working Condition of Delivery Riders in Food Delivery and
Courier Activities

Cases:

o Singer Sewing Machine Co. v. Drilon (193 SCRA 270)

o AFP Mutual Benefit Association v. NLRC (267 SCRA 47)
o Philippine Bank of Communications v. NLRC (146 SCRA 347)

• San Miguel Corp. v Semillano, GR No. 164257, July 5, 2010

• Alviado v Proctor & Gamble Phil. Inc. GR No. 160506, June 6, 2011
• Eparwa Security and Janitorial Services Inc. v Liceo de Cagayan University, GR No. 150402,
Nov 28, 2006.
• Goya, Inc. v. Goya, Inc. Employees Union-FFW, G.R. No. 170054, Jan. 21, 2013
• Avelino S. Alelin v Petron Corporation, GR No. 177592, June 9, 2014
• Valencia v Classique Vinyl Products Corp., GR No. 206390, January 30, 2017
3. EMPLOYEES

Labor Code: Articles 293, 295-296

Omnibus Rules: Book VI, Rule I, Sections 5-6

Cases:

o De Leon v. NLRC (176 SCRA 615) [1989]

o Beta Electric Corp. v. NLRC 182 SCRA 384 [1990]
o Romares v. NLRC (294 SCRA 411) [1998]
o Bernardo v. NLRC (310 SCRA 186) [1999]
o Columbus Phils. Bus Corporation v. NLRC (364 SCRA 606) [2001]
o Philippine Airlines Inc., v. NLRC (298 SCRA 430) [1998]
o Phil. Fruits and Vegetables Industries Inc. v. NLRC (310 SCRA 673) [1999]
o Abasolo v. NLRC (346 SCRA 293) [2000]
o International Pharmaceuticals v. NLRC (287 SCRA 213)

3.1 Regular Employment

Cases:

• GMA Network, Inc. v. Pabriga, G.R. No. 176419, November 27, 2013
• Romares v NLRC 294 SCRA 411 (1998)
• Federation etc v NLRC, G.R. No. 121071 (1998)
• Dante dela Cruz v Maersk Filipinas Crewing Inc. GR 172038 (2008) viz Mllares v NLRC, G.R.
No. 110524 (2002)
• Tomas Lao Construction v NLRC, 278 SCRA 716 (1998)
• Atok Big Wedge Co Inc. v Gison, GR No. 169510, Aug 8, 2011
• Beta Electric Corp v NLRC 182 SCRA 384 (1990)

3.2 Casual Employees

Cases:

• Maranaw Hotels & Resort Corp. v Court of Appeals, GR No. 149660 (2009)
• Mercado v NLRC, 201 SCRA 332 (1991)
• See also: Philippine Jai-Alai & Amusement Corporation v Clave, G.R. No. L-54136 December
21, 1983

3.3 Project Employment

Cases:

• University of Santo Tomas (UST) v. Samahang Manggagawa ng UST, G.R. no. 184262, April
24, 2017
• Herma Shipyard Inc v. Danilo Oliveros, G.R. No. 208936, April 17, 2017
• Gadia vs. Sykes Asia, Inc., G.R. No. 209499, January 28, 2015
• Pasos v PCNC, G.R. No. 192394, July 3, 2013
• Hanjin Heavy Industries & Construction v Ibanez 555 SCRA 537, G.R. No. 170181 (2008)
• Villa v. NLRC 284 SCRA 105, G.R. No. 117043 (1998)
• Willam Uy Construction Corp v Trinidad GR No. 183250 (2010)
• Maraguinot v. NLRC (284 SCRA 539) cf: Manalo v TNS Phil, GR No. 208567, November 26,
2014
3.4 Fixed Term Employment

Cases:

• Brent School v Zamora 181 SCRA 702 (1990)

• Lynvil Fishing Enterprises Inc. v Ariola GR 181974, Feb 1 2012
• Purefoods Corp. v NLRC, 283 SCRA 133 (1997)
• Universal Robina Sugar Milling Corporation and Rene Cabati, G.R. No. 186439. January 15,
2014
• Fuji Television Network Inc. v Espiritu, G.R. No. 204944-45, December 03, 2014
• Fontera Brands Phils., Inc. vs. Leonardo Largado and Teotimo Estrellado, G.R. No. 205300,
March 18, 2015

3.5 Seasonal Employment

Case:

• Tobacco v NLRC, 300 SCRA 37 (1998)

3.6 Probationary Employment

Labor Code: Article 296

DOLE Labor Advisory 14, Series of 2020 - Clarification on the Non-inclusion of the One-month Enhanced
Community Quarantine Period on the Six-month Probationary Period

Cases:

• Federation of Credit Cooperatives v. NLRC 300 SCRA 38 [1998]

• Robinson’s Galleria et al. v Ranchez GR No. 177937 (2011)
• Cathay Pacific Airways v Marin GR No. 148931, Sept 12, 2006
• Cebu Stevedoring v Regional Director 168 SCRA 315 (1988)
• Tomson’s Enterprises Inc v CA & Sy GR No. 192881 (2011)
• Escorpizo v. University of Baguio 306 SCRA 497 [1999]
• St Paul College QC v Ancheta GR No. 169905 (2011)
• Mylene Carvajal v. Luzon Development Bank and/or Oscar Z. Ramirez. G.R. No. 186169,
August 1, 2012
• Abbot Laboratories v Alcaraz, G.R. No. 192571, April 22, 2014
• Jocelyn Herrera-Manaois v. St. Scholastica’s College, G.R. No. 188914, December 11, 2013
• Malicdem v. Marulas Industrial Corp., G.R. No. 204406, Feb. 26, 2014
• Mitsubishi Motors Philippines Corporation vs Chrysler Philippines Labor Union, 433 SCRA
206 [2004]

4. WORKING CONDITIONS

4.1. Coverage

Labor Code: Article 82

Omnibus Rules: Book III, Rule I, Sections 1-2

Constitution: Art IX-B, Sec. 2 (1)

R.A. No. 10361 – DOMESTIC WORKERS ACT

Cases:

• Manila Terminal Co Inc. v CIR, 91 Phil 625 (1952)

• International Pharmaceuticals v. NLRC (287 SCRA 213)
• San Miguel Brewery, Inc. v. Democratic Labor Organization, 8 SCRA 613
• Far East Agricultural Supply Inc v Labatique GR No. 162813, Feb 12, 2007
• Mercidar Fishing Corp. v. NLRC, October 8, 1998
• Labor Congress of the Philippines v. NLRC, 290 SCRA 509 (1998)

4.2. Hours of Work

Labor Code: Articles 83-90

Omnibus Rules: Book III, Rule I, Sections 3-11, Rule I-A, Rule II

• Compressed workweek

DOLE Department Advisory No. 02, series of 2004; DOLE Department Advisory No. 04, series of 2010

• Flexible Work Arrangements/Telecommute

DOLE Department Advisory No. 02-09, Guidelines on the Adoption of Flexible Work
Arrangement (Links to an external site.)
DOLE Department Advisory No. 04-12, Guidelines on the Implementation of Flexible
Work Arrangements (Links to an external site.) (Report on the Implementation of
Compressed Work Week (Links to an external site.); Report on the Implementation of
Schemes Adopted during Period of Economic Difficulties (Links to an external site.))
R.A No. 11165 (Telecommuting Act); DOLE Department Order No. 202-19, Implementing Rules and
Regulations of R. A. No. 11165; Telecommuting Report Form

DOLE Labor Advisory Nos. 17, 17-A and 17-B, series of 2020.

• Nightwork

Labor Code: Article 86

Omnibus Code: Book III, Rule ii, secs. 1-6

R.A. No. 10151 – Law on Nightworkers, Amends provisions of the Labor Code

Cases:

o Rada v. NLRC (205 SCRA 69)

o University of Pangasinan Faculty Union v. University of Pangasinan (127 SCRA
691)

• Pigcaulan v Security & Credit Investigation Inc. GR No. 173648, Jan 16 2012

o National Semiconductors Distribution Ltd. v. NLRC (291 SCRA 348)

o Shell Oil Co. of the Philippines Ltd. V National Labor Union, 81 Phil 315, pp. 327-
330 only
4.3. Rest Periods and Holidays

Labor Code: Articles 91-94

Omnibus Rules: Book III, Rules III-IV

Regular Holidays; Special Days

Executive Order No. 292 (Administrative Code of 1987), as amended by R.A. No. 9849 and R.A. No.
10966 (Dec. 8)

Cases:

• Jose Rizal College v. NLRC (156 SCRA 27)

• Chartered Bank Employees’ Association v. Ople (138 SCRA 273)
• Wellington Investment and Manufacturing Corporation v. Trajano (245 SCRA 561)
• San Miguel Corp. v. CA (GR 146775, January 30, 2002)
• Transasia Phils. Employer Association v. NLRC (320 SCRA 547) [1999]
• Building Care Corp. v. NLRC (268 SCRA 666) [1998]

4.4. Service Incentive Leave and Service Charge

Labor Code: Articles 95 -96 (as amended by R.A. No. 11360)

Omnibus Rules: Book III, Rule V-VI

DOLE Department Order No. 206-19 – Implementing Rules and Regulations of R.A. No. 11360

Cases:

o Fernandez v. NLRC (285 SCRA 149)

o Makati Haberdashery, Inc. v. NLRC (179 SCRA 448)
o Sentinel Security Agency, Inc. v. NLRC (295 SCRA 123) [1998]

• Philippine Hoteliers Inc. v NUWHRAIN-APL-IUF, GR No. 181972, Aug 25, 2009

4.5. Maternity Leave and Paternity Leave

R.A. No. 8282, as amended by R.A. No. 11210, and IRR

R.A. No. 8187 (Paternity Leave Act)

4.6. Solo Parent Leave

R.A. No. 8972, Solo Parents' Welfare Act of 2000

Please see related provision in R.A. No. 11210.

4.7. Anti VAWC

R.A. No. 9262, sec. 43

4.8. Gynecological Leave

R.A. No. 9710, sec. 18

4.9 Vacation Leave/Sick Leave

Case:

• PNCC Skyway Traffic Management & Security Division Workers Organization v PNCC
Skyway Corp., GR No. 171231; Feb 17, 2010

4.10 Non- Diminution of Benefits

Labor Code: Article 100

Case:

• Metropolitan Bank and Trust Co. v NLRC, GR No. 152928, June 18, 2009

5. WAGES

5.1. Concept and Definition

Constitution: Articles III and XIII

Labor Code: Articles 97-98, 116

RA No. 6971, Productivity Incentives Act of 1990

Omnibus Rules: Book III, Rule VII, Sections 2-9; Please check BWC Handbook 2020

Cases:

• Songco v. NLRC (183 SCRA 610)

• Mabeza v. NLRC (271 SCRA 670)
• Gaa v. CA (140 SCRA 304)
• Iran v. NLRC (289 SCRA 433)
• International School Alliance of Educators v. Quisumbing (333 SCRA 13) [2000]
• Millares v. NLRC (305 SCRA 500) [1999], also Millares v. NLRC, March 14, 2000 and July 29,
2002
• Davao Fruits Corp. v Associated Labor Union, 225 SCRA 562 (1993)
• SLL International Cables Specialist v NLRC, GR No. 172161, March 2, 2011.

5.2. Minimum Wage

Labor Code: Articles 99-101, 120-127 (except for 125, incorporated in RA No. 6727)

R.A. No. 6727

R.A. No. 8188

R.A. No. 9178, Micro Business Enterprises (BMBEs) Act of 2002 as amended by R.A. No. 10644 – Go
Negosyo Act

Wage Order No. NCR - 22

Cases:

o ECOP v. NWPC (201 SCRA 759)

o Apex Mining Company, Inc. v. NLRC (206 SCRA 497)
o Metrobank Employees Union v. NLRC (226 SCRA 268)
o Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Corp. v. NLRC (245 SCRA 193)
 o Globe Mackay v. NLRC (163 SCRA 71)
o Nasipit Lumber Company v. NWPC (289 SCRA 667)
o Cagayan Sugar Milling Co. v. Secretary (284 SCRA 150)
o Prubankers Association v. Prudential Bank & Trust Company (302 SCRA 74)
[1999]
o International School Alliance of Educators v. Quisumbing (333 SCRA 13) [2000]

5.3. Payment of Wages

Labor Code: Articles 102-105, 112-119

Omnibus Rules: Book III, Rule VIII

Cases:

• Five J Taxi v. NLRC (235 SCRA 556)

• Genesis Transport Service Inc v UMMGT GR No. 182114, April 5, 2010
• Niña Jewelry Manufacturing of Medal Arts Inc. v Montecillo GR No. 188169, Nov 29, 2011
• SHS Perforated Materials v Diaz, GR No. 185814, Oct 13, 2010

5.4. Liability for Wages

Labor Code: Articles 105-111

DOLE Department Order No. 174-17

R.A. No. 8188; NLRC Resolution 01-19 (2019)

Cases:

o DBP v. NLRC (183 SCRA 328)

o Philippine Air Lines v. NLRC (November 9, 1998)
o Sentinel Security Agency, Inc. v. NLRC (295 SCRA 123)
o Philippine Export v. CA (251 SCRA 354)
o Rosewood Processing, Inc. v. NLRC (290 SCRA 408)

a) Jurisdiction of DOLE Regional Director v Labor Arbiter

Cases:

• Balladares v Peak Ventures Corp, GR No. 161794, June 16, 2009

• Meteoro v Creative Creatires Inc, GR No. 171275, July 13, 2009

5.5 Worker Preference in case of bankruptcy

Cases:

• Republic v Peralta, 150 SCRA 37 (1987)

• DBP v NLRC G.R. No. 86227 January 19, 1994
• DBP v NLRC, 242 SCRA 58 (1995)
• Manuel D. Yngson, Jr., (in his capacity as the Liquidator of ARCAM & Co., Inc.) v Philippine
National Bank. G.R. No. 171132, August 15, 2012

5.6. Thirteenth-Month Pay

 Presidential Decree No. 851 (1975)

Revised Guidelines on the Implementation of the 13th Month Pay Law (1987)

DOLE Labor Advisory No. 18, series of 2018

DOLE Department Advisory No. 01-19 Guidelines on the Computation of Salary Differential of
Female workers during Maternity Leave

Cases:

• Framanlis Farms, Inc. v. Minister of Labor, 171 SCRA 87 (1989)

• Boei Takeda v dela Serna 228 SCRA 329 (1993)
• Philippine Duplicators Inc. v NLRC, 241 SCRA 380 (1995)
• International Broadcasting Corporation v Panganiban, GR No. 151407, Feb 6, 2007

o Letran Calamba Faculty & Employees Association v NLRC, GR No. 156225, Jan
29, 2008

5.6A Bonus

Cases:

o Philippine Duplicators, Inc. v. NLRC (241 SCRA 380)

o Producers Bank of the Philippines v. NLRC (355 SCRA 489) [2001]

• Lepanto Ceramics Inc. v Lepanto Ceramics Employees Association, GR No. 180866, Mar 2,
2010

o Eastern Telecommunications Phil. Inc. v Eastern Telecoms Employees Union, GR

No. 185665, Feb 8, 2012

5.7. Working Conditions For Special Groups Of Employees

5.7.1. Women

Labor Code: Articles 130-138

Omnibus Rules: Book III, Rule XII, Sections 1, 4-14

R.A. No. 7192, Women in Nation-Building Act

R.A. No. 7877, Anti-sexual Harassment Act of 1995

R.A. No. 9710, Magna Carta for Women

R.A. No. 11313, Safe Spaces Act

Cases:

• Philippine Telegraph & Telephone Co. v. NLRC (272 SCRA 596)

• Libres v. NLRC, 307 SCRA 675
• Aeolus Automotive United Corp. v. NLRC (331 SCRA 237) [2000]
• LBC Express-Vis, Inc. v. Palco, G.R. 217101, February 12, 2020
 Maternity Leave and Paternity Leave

R.A. No. 8282, as amended by R.A. No. 11210

R.A. No. 8187, Paternity Leave Act

5.7.2. Minors

Labor Code: Articles 137-138

Omnibus Rules: Book III, Rule XII, Sections 2-3

R.A. No. 7610, Section 12, as amended by R.A. No. 7658 Special Protection Against Child Abuse,
Exploitation and Discrimination Act

R.A. No. 9231

Department Circular No. 2 Series of 2017 (Guidelines on the Issuance of Work Permit for Children Below
15 years of Age Engaged in Public Entertainment or Information (as amended by Dept. Circ. No. 2, Series
of 2018), DOLE Department Advisory 01-08, series of 2008, DOLE Department Order No. 149, series of
2016

5.7.3. Househelpers

Labor Code: Articles 139-150, as amended by R.A. No. 7655

Omnibus Rules: Book III, Rule XIII

R.A. No. 10361 - Kasambahay Law

As of February 2020 – Min. Wage of Kasambahay in NCR – Php 5,000.00

Cases:

• Apex Mining Company, Inc. v. NLRC (196 SCRA 251)

• Barcenas v. NLRC 187 SCRA 498 [1990]

5.7.4. Homeworkers

Labor Code: Articles 151-153

DOLE Department Order No. 5, series of 1992

5.7.5. Apprentices and Learners

Labor Code: Articles 57-81

R.A. No. 7796 - Technical Education and Skills Development Authority Act of 1994

R.A. No. 7686 - Dual Training Systems Act of 1994

5.7.6. Handicapped/Disabled

R.A. No. 7277 - Magna Carta for the Disabled, as amended by R.A. No.
10070 Labor Code: Articles 78-81

Omnibus Rules: Book II, Rule VIII

Case:
 • Bernardo v. NLRC, July 12, 1999

5.7.7 Other relevant laws

R.A. No. 11036 - Mental Health Act

R.A. No. 11166 (repealed R.A. No. 8504) - the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act of
2018

DOLE Department Order No. 73-05

6. ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

Labor Code: Articles 128-129, as amended by R.A. No. 7730 (1994)

Omnibus Rules: Book III, Rules X and XI

DOLE Department Order No. 131-B, 2016 – Revised Rules on labor Laws and Compliance
System

Cases:

• COCOFED v. Trajano (241 SCRA 362)

• Guico v. Secretary (298 SCRA 666)

7. PRE-EMPLOYMENT

Labor Code: Articles 12-39, Local employment and overseas employment; R.A. No. 8042 (1995) as
amended by R.A. No. 10022 (2010); R.A. No 10706 (2015)

Revised POEA Rules and Regulations Governing the Recruitment and Employment of Landbased Overseas
Filipino Workers (2016)

2016 Revised POEA Rules and Regulations Governing the Recruitment and Employment of Seafarers

Latest statistics on OFWs – BLES website

7.1 R.A. No. 8042 (Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos’ Act of 1995) and R.A. No. 9422, repealing the
deregulation clauses of R.A. No. 8042. Relate to amendments of R.A. No. 10022 (2010)

Cases:

• Vir-Jen Shipping and Marine Services Inc v. NLRC, G.R. No. L-58011 & L-58012, November
18, 1983
• Philippine National Bank v. Cabansag (460 SCRA 514)
• Philippine Ass. of Service Exporters, Inc. v. Drilon (163 SCRA 386)
• OSM Shipping Phil. Inc v NLRC GR No. 138193, Mar 5, 2003
• Dagasdas v Grand Placement and General Services Corp. GR No. 205727, January 18, 2017

7.2 Enforcement power

Labor Code: Articles 35-38
POEA Charter (Executive Order No. 247, series of 1987, as amended by R.A. No. 9422)

Cases:
 • JMM Promotion and Management v. Court of Appeals, 260 SCRA 319
• The Executive Secretary v. Court of Appeals, 429 SCRA 81
• Eastern Mediterranean Maritime Ltd., et al. v Estanislao Surio, et al. G.R. No. 154213, August
23, 2012

7.3 Recruitment and Placement

Labor Code: Articles 13 (b)
R.A. No. 8042, sec. 6, as amended
7.4 Allowed and Protected Entities
7.4.1 Allowed
Labor Code: Articles 16, 25, 18, 12 (f)
7.4.2 Liabilities
Sec. 10, R.A. No. 8042, pars 2-5

Cases:

• Serrano v. Gallant Maritime Services, G.R. No. 167614, March 24 2009

• Sameer Overseas Placement Agency v Cabiles, G.R. No. 170139, August 05, 2014

7.4.3 Imputed knowledge

Case:

• Sunace International Management Services, Inc. v NLRC, G.R. No. 161757, January 25, 2006

7.4.4 Prohibited business agencies and entities

Labor Code: Articles 16, 18, 25, 26
a) Travel agencies
Labor Code: Article 26
Omnibus Rules Implementing R.A. No. 8042 as amended, Part II, Rule I, Sec 2
b) Direct Hiring
Labor Code: Article 18
Except: Article 18, 2nd sentence; Omnibus Rules Implementing R.A. No. 8042 as amended, Rule II Sec 1 (i)
7.4.5 Illegal Recruitment
Labor Code: Articles 34, 38 (a) (b)
Secs. 6-12, R.A. No. 8042, as amended

Cases:

• People v. Panis, 142 SCRA 664

• People v. dela Piedra, 350 SCRA 163
• People v. Goce, 247 SCRA 780
• People v. Ortiz-Miyake, 279 SCRA 197
• Stolt Nielsen Tranport Group Inc v Medequillo Jr. GR No. 177498, January 18, 2012
• People v Dolores Ocden GR No 173198, June 1,2011

7.4.6 Money Claims of OFWs

Sec. 10, R.A. No. 8042, as amended

Cases:

• Vir-Jen Shipping and Marine Services Inc v. NLRC, G.R. No. L-58011 & L-58012, November
18, 1983
• Serrano v. Gallant Maritime Services, G.R. No. 167614, March 24 2009
• Yap v. Thenamaris Ship’s Management and Intermare Maritime Agencies, Inc., G.R. No.
179532, May 30, 2011
• Sameer Overseas Placement Agency v Cabiles, G.R. No. 170139, August 05, 2014
• Becmen Service Exporter and Promotion v. Cuaresma, G.R. Nos. 182978-79, April 7, 2009
• Leonides P. Rillera, United Philippine Lines, Belships Management, G.R. No. 235336, June 23,
2020

7.4.7 Jurisdiction
a) Criminal Action: R.A. No. 8042, sec 9, Omnibus Rules Implementing R.A. No. 8042, as amended Rule
IV sec 6.
b) Money Claims: R.A. No. 8042, sec. 10, 1st par, Omnibus Rules Implementing R.A. No. 8042, as
amended Rule VII, sec. 1
c) Administrative Cases: Omnibus Rules Implementing R.A. No. 8042, as amended, Rule X, sec. 6 (a), (b)
7.4.8 POEA Land-Based Rules and Regulations (2016)
a) Licensing (Part II, Rule I)
b) Fees, Costs, and Contributions (Part II, Rule V)
c) Recruitment Outside Registered Office, (Part II, Rule VII), Illegal Recruitment (Part II, Rule X)
d) Placement by the Private Sector (Part III, Rules I and II)

Case:

• ABD Overseas Manpower Corp. v. NLRC, 286 SCRA 454

e) Recruitment Violations and Related Cases (Part VI)

Case:

• Datuman v. First Cosmopolitan Manpower and Promotion Services, G.R. No. 156029, 14
November 2008

f) Repatriation of Workers (Part VIII, Rule II)

Case:

• Equi-Asia Placement Inc. v. Department of Foreign Affairs, G.R. No. 152214, 19 September
2006

8. EMPLOYMENT OF ALIENS

Labor Code: Articles 40-42

Omnibus Rules: Book I, Rule XIV

 DOLE Department Order No. 146-2015

DOLE Department Order No. 220-2021

Cases:

o General Milling Corp. v. Torres (196 SCRA 215)

o Almodiel v. NLRC (223 SCRA 341) [1993]

• Pacific Consultants International Asia Inc. v Schonfeld, GR No. 166920, Feb 19, 2007
• WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. et al. vs. Jocelyn M. Galera/Jocelyn M. Galera vs. WPP
Marketing Communications, Inc. et al., G.R. No. 169207/G.R. No. 169239, March 25, 2010
• Dreamland Hotel Resort v Stephen B. Johnson, G.R. No. 191455, March 12, 2014

9. HUMAN RESOURCES AND MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT

9.1. Government Machinery

The TESDA Act: R.A. 7796

Labor Code: Articles 43 - 56 (insofar as they have not been modified)

9.2.Apprenticeship and Learnership

Labor Code: Articles 57-77

Omnibus Rules: Book II, Rules VI-VII

R.A. No. 7686 - The Dual Training System Act

R.A. No. 10869 - Jobstart Philippines Act

R.A. No. 11230 - Tulong-Trabaho Act

Case:

• Nitto Enterprises vs. NLRC (248 SCRA 654)

10. MEDICAL, DENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

Labor Code: Articles 162-171 (Note that Arts 166-208 repealed by SSS Law of 1997)

Omnibus Rules: Book IV, Rules I-II

R.A. No. 10028

R.A. No. 11058 - An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health
Standards and Providing Penalties for Violations Thereof

DOLE Department Order No. 198 (2018)

Case:

• Escasinas v Shangri-la’s Mactan Island Resort GR No. 178827, Mar 4, 2009

11. EMPLOYEES’ COMPENSATION

 Labor Code: Articles 172-214

New Civil Code: Articles 1711-1712

PD No. 626

Executive Order No. 54, Series of 2018

11.1. Injuries

Cases:

• Iloilo Dock and Engineering Co. v. WCC (26 SCRA 102)

• Hinoguin v. ECC (172 SCRA 350)
• Belarmino v. ECC (185 SCRA 304)
• Lazo v. ECC (186 SCRA 569)

11.2. Illnesses

Cases:

• Raro v. ECC (172 SCRA 844)

• Santos v. ECC (221 SCRA 182)
• Narazo v. ECC (181 SCRA 874)
• Bejerano v. ECC (205 SCRA 598) [1992]

11.3. Liability of State Insurance Fund

Cases:

o Mabuhay Shipping Services v. NLRC (193 SCRA 141)

o Ysmael Maritime Corp. v. Avelino (151 SCRA 333)
o Lentejas v. ECC (197 SCRA 441) [1991]

11.4. Benefits

Cases:

• Vicente v. ECC (193 SCRA 190)

• Loot v. GSIS (224 SCRA 54)

12. SOCIAL SECURITY ACT of 2018, R.A. No. 11199

Cases:

• Philippine Blooming Mills Employees Ass. v. SSS (17 SCRA 107) [1968]
• Rita v. CA (247 SCRA 487) [1995]
• Corporal v. NLRC (341 SCRA 658) [2000]
• Santiago v. CA (133 SCRA 34) [1984]
• Benedicto v. Abad (183 SCRA 434) [1990]
 13. GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE ACT OF 1997, R.A. 8291

14. NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE ACT OF 1995, R.A. No. 7875, as amended by R.A. No. 9241, R.A.
No. 10606, and R.A. No. 11223 - Universal Health Care Act

PART 2 – TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT: REQUIREMENTS, REMEDIES

1. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT
Constitution: Art. XIII, Sec. 3
Labor Code: Articles 292 (b), 294, 297-301
DOLE Department Order No. 147-15
Cases:

• Espina v Hon Court of Appeals GR No. 164582, 2007

• Alhambra Industries v NLRC 238 SCRA 232 (1994)
• Pantoja v SCA Hygiene Products Corp. GR No 163554 (2010)
• Coca Cola Bottlers v Valentina Garcia, GR No. 159625 (2008)
• Mansion Printing Center v Bitara Jr GR No. 168120 (2012)
• Golden Ace Builders & Azul v Talde GR No. 187200 (2010)
• Functional Inc. v Samel C. Granfil GR No. 176377 Nov 16, 2011
• Nagkakaisang Lakas ng Manggagawa sa Keihin v Keihin Phil Corp GR No. 171115 Aug 9 2010
• SKM Art Craft Corp. v. Efren Bauca et al., G.R. No. 171282 Nov 27, 2013
• Girly Ico v Systems Technology Institute Inc, GR No. 185100, July 9, 2014
• Mark E. Samillano v. Valdez Security and Investigation Agency, Inc., G.R. No. 239396, June 23,
2020
• Efren Santos, Jr. and Jeramil Salmasan, v. King Chef/Marites Ang/Joey Delos Santos,R. No.
211073, November 25, 2020

1.1 Just Causes

Cases:

• Gilles v CA Schema Konsult GR No. 149273 (2009)

• Yabut v MECO GR No. 190436 (2012)
• Jonas Michael R. Garza v. Coca-Cola Bottlers Phils., Inc., et al., G.R. No. 180972 (2014)
• Alert Security & investigation Agency Inc. v Saidali Pasawilan et al GR No. 182397 (2011)
• Aboc v Metro Bank & Trust Co GR No. 170542-43 (2010)
• National Bookstore v CA 278 SCRA 194 (2002)
• Jumad v Hi Flyer Food Inc GR. No. 187887 (2011)
• MECO v Ma Luisa Beltran GR No. 173774 (2012)
• Lima Land Inc. v Cuevas GR No. 169523 (2010)
• Elmer Lopez v Keppel Bank Phil. Inc. et al. GR No. 176800 (2011)
• Anthonel M. Miñano v. Sto. Tomas General Hospital and Dr. Nemesia Roxas-Platon, G.R. No.
226338, June 17, 2020
• LBC Express-Vis, Inc. v. Palco, G.R. 217101, February 12, 2020

1.2 Preventive Suspension

Bk. V, Rule XXIII, Secs. 8-9, Omnibus Rules (per Department Order No. 9, Series of 1997 - old provision,
i.e., prior to DOLE Department Order No. 40-03 which revised Bk. V and deleted the previous Rule XXIII).
Cases:

• Artificio v NLRC, NLRC, GR No. 172988 (2010)

• Gatbonton v NLRC, 479 SCRA 416 (2006)
• Manila Pavilion Hotel, etc. vs. Henry Delada, G.R. No. 189947, January 25, 2011

1.3 Authorized causes

Labor Code: Article 298
DOLE Department Order No. 147-15 (2015)

Case:

• Edge Apparel Inc. v NLRC, 286 SCRA 302 (1998)

a) Retrenchment

Cases:

• FASAP v PAL, GR No. 178083, March 13, 2018. Optional: FASAP v PAL, 559 SCRA 252
(2008) and FASAP v PAL, GR No. 178083 (2009)
• Lambert Pawnbrokers & Jewelry Corp. v Binamira GR No. 170464 (2010)
• Philippine Carpet Manufacturing Corporation, et al. v. Ignacio B. Tagyamon, et al., G.R. No.
191475, Dec 11, 2013

b) Redundancy

Cases:

• Ruben L. Andrada v NLRC, Subic Legend Resorts And Casino, Inc., G.R. No. 173231,
December 28, 2007
• Smart Communications Inc v Regina Astorga, GR No. 148132 (2008)
• General Milling Corporation vs. Violeta L. Viajar. R. No. 181738, January 30, 2013
• Marsman & Company v. Rodil Sta. Rita, G.R. No. 194765, April 23, 2018
• 3M Philippines, Inc. v. Lauro D. Yuseco, G.R. No. 248941, November 09, 2020

c) Closure

Cases:

• Eastridge Golf Club v Eastridge Labor Union – SUPER, 563 SCRA 93 (2008)
• JPL Marketing Promotions v CA, 463 SCRA 136 (2005)
• Sangwoo Philippines, Inc. v. Sangwoo Philippines, Inc. Employees Union-OLALIA, G.R. No.
173154./G.R. No. 173229, December 9, 2013

d) Disease

Cases:

• Crayons Processing v Pula, GR No. 167727 (2007)

• Wuerth Philippines Inc. v Rodante Ynson GR No. 175932 (2012)
• Eleazar S. Padillo vs. Rural Bank of Nabunturan, Inc., et al. R. No. 199338. January 21, 2013
• Fuji Television Network Inc. v Espiritu, G.R. No. 204944-45, December 03, 2014
NOTE 1: Union Security Clause - Inguillo v First Phil. Scales Inc. GR No. 165407 (2009)
NOTE 2: Illegal Strike (Labor Code: Article 279)

Cases:

• NUWHRAIN-APL-IUF Dusit Hotel Nikko Chapter v. Court of Appeals, GR No. 163942,

November 11, 2008
• Alex Q. Naranjo, et al. vs. Biomedica Health Care, Inc., et al. G.R. No. 193789. September 19,
2012
• Automotive Engine Rebuilders, GR 160138, 16 Jan 2013

1.4 Procedure
Labor Code: Articles 292 (b), 294, 297 and 298
DOLE Department Order No. 147-15 (2015)

Payment – DOLE Labor Advisory No. 6, series of 2020

Cases:

• Nacague v Suplicio Lines Inc. GR No. 172589 (2010)

• Baron v NLRC GR No. 182299 (2010)
• Mantle Trading Services Inc. v NLRC GR No. 166705 (2009)
• Agabon v NLRC, 442 SCRA 573 (2004)
• Jaka Food Processing Corp. v Pacot, G.R. No. 151378 (2005)
• Serrano v NLRC 323 SCRA 445 (2000)
• Salaw v NLRC 202 SCRA 7 (1991)
• King of Kings Transport v Mamac, GR No. 166208 (2007)
• Magro Placement v Hernandez GR No. 156964 (2007)
• Erector Advertising Sign Inc. v Cloma, GR No. 167218 (2010)
• Perez v Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Co, GR no. 152048 (2008)
• Technol Eight Phil. Corp. v NLRC GR No. 187605 (2010)
• Seastar Marine Services Inc v Bul-an 444 SCRA 140 (2004)
• Jarl Construction and Armando K. Tejada vs. Simeon A. Atencio. G.R. No. 175969, August 1,
2012
• Unilever Philippines Inc., v. Maria Ruby M. Rivera, G.R. No. 201701, June 03, 2013
• 3M Philippines, Inc. v. Lauro D. Yuseco, G.R. No. 248941, November 09, 2020

a) Prescription
Civil Code: Art 1146
Labor Code: Article 306

Case:

• Concepcion v Minex Import Corp GR No. 153569 (2012)

b) Quitclaim

Cases:

• Talam v NLRC GR No. 175040 (2010)

• Aujero v Phil. Satellite Corp. GR No. 193484 (2012)
 • Philippine Carpet Manufacturing Corporation, et al. v. Ignacio B. Tagyamon, et al., G.R. No.
191475, December 11, 2013

c) Technical ground for dismissal frowned upon

Cases:

• Jobel Enterprises v NLRC GR No. 194031 (2011)

• Lacorte v Inciong 166 SCRA 1 (1988)
• Quiambao v NLRC 254 SCRA 211 (1996)

d) Employee’s good faith

Case:

• Cruz v Coca Cola Bottlers Phils. Inc. 460 SCRA 340 (2005)

e) Appeal

Cases:

• Barairo v OP & MST Marine GR No. 189314 (2011)

• Mindanao Times Corp v Confesor, GR No. 183 417 (2010)
• University Plans Inc. v Solano GR No. 170416 (2011)

2. RELIEFS AND REMEDIES IN ILLEGAL DISMISSAL CASES

Labor Code: Articles 229, 294
2.1 Reinstatement

Cases:

• Asian Terminals v Villanueva GR No. 143219 (2006)

• Composite Enterprises v Caparoso GR No. 159919 (2007)
• Johnson & Johnson v Johnson Office and Sales Union GR No. 172799 (2007)
• Espejo v NLRC 255 SCRA 430 (1996)
• Wensha Spa Center Inc v Yung GR No. 185122 (2010)
• DUP Sound Phils. v CA GR No. 168317 (2011)
• Garcia v PAL GR No. 164856 (2009)
• Magana v Medicard Phil. Inc GR No. 174833 (2010)
o College of Immaculate Concepcion v NLRC GR No. 167563 (2010) viz 2011
NLRC Rules of Procedure, Rule XI Sec 14.
• Lansangan v Amkor Technology Phil. Inc GR No. 177026 (2009)
• Nippon Express Philippines Corporation v. Marie Jean Daguiso, G.R. No. 217970, June 17,
2020

2.2 Backwages, Damages, Attorney’s Fees

Cases:

• Aurora Land v NLRC 266 SCRA 48 (1997)

• St Michael’s Inst v Santos 371 SCRA 283 (2001)
• Asian Terminals Inc. v NLRC GR No. 158458 (2007)
 • Bustamante v NLRC 265 SCRA 1 (1996)
• Star Paper Corp v Espiritu GR No. 154006 (2006)
• Acesite Corp v NLRC 449 SCRA 360 (2005)
• Aeolus v. NLRC, 331 SCRA 237 (2000)
• Reyes v CA 409 SCRA 267 (2003)
• M+W Zander Phil Inc v Enriquez GR No. 169173 (2009)
• “J” Marketing Corp. v Taran, GR No. 163924 (2009)
• BPI v NLRC GR No 179801 (2010)
• Triad Security and Allied Services v Ortega 481 SCRA 591 (2006)
• Palteng v UCPB GR No. 172199 (2009)
• Business Day Information Systems and Services Inc v NLRC 221 SCRA 9 (1993)
• Songco v NLRC 183 SCRA 610 (1990)
• San Miguel Corp v Javate 205 SCRA 469 (1992)

2.3 Separation Pay

Case:

• Manila Water Company v. Carlito del Rosario G.R. No. 188747, January 29, 2014
• Angono Medics Hospital, Inc. Vs. Antonia Q. Agabin (Links to an external site.)R.
No. 202542, December 9, 2020

2.4 Financial Assistance

Cases:

• SAMASAH-NUWHRAIN v Magsalin GR Nos 164939, 172303 (2011)

• Equitable PCI Bank v Dompor GR No. 163293, 163297 (2010)
• See also: PLDT v NLRC 164 SCRA 671 (1988); Paduata v MECO GR no 170098 (2012)

2.5 Indemnity

Cases:

• Agabon v NLRC, 442 SCRA 573 (2004)

• Serrano v NLRC 323 SCRA 445 (2000)

2.6 Liability of Corporate Officers

Cases:

• AMA Computer College – East Rizal v Ignacio GR No. 178520 (2009)

• Alba v Yupangco GR No. 188233 (2010)

3. RESIGNATION
Labor Code: Articles 300, 301

Cases:

• Globe Telecom v Crisologo GR No. 174644 (2007)

• Nationwide Security And Allied Services v Valderrama GR No. 186614 (2011)
• Bilbao v Saudi Arabian Airlines GR No. 183915 (2011)
 • Azcor v NLRC 303 SCRA 26 (1999)
• A’Prime Security Services v NLRC 322 SCRA 283 (2000)
• Mandapat v Add Force Personnel Services GR No. 180285 (2010)
• Hechanova Bugay Vilchez Lawyers et al. v. Atty. Lenny O. Matorre, G.R. No. 198261, October
16, 2013
• Leopard Security and Investigation Agency v. Tomas Quitoy, G.R. No. 186344, February 20,
2013

4. RETIREMENT
Labor Code: Article 302
R.A. No. 7641, as amended by R.A. No. 8558 (1998); R.A. No. 10757 (2016)

Cases:

• Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation v Amarilla GR No. 162775 (2006)

• Jaculbe v Silliman University GR No. 156934 (2007)
• Reyes v NLRC GR No. 160233 (2007)
• Universal Robina Sugar Milling Corp v Caballeda 560 SCRA 115 (2008)
• Enriquez Security Services v Cabotaje GR No. 147993 (2006)
• Ozales v Unilab 559 SCRA 26 (2008)
• Gerlach v Reuters Ltd Phil. 448 SCRA 535 (2005)
• Sta Catalina v NLRC 416 SCRA 233 (2003)
• PAL v Airlines Pilots’ Association 373 SCRA 302 (2002)
• Ariola v Philex Mining Corp 466 SCRA 152 (2005)
• Equitable PCI Bank v Caguia 466 SCRA 686 (2005)
• Sy v Metrobank Bank & Trust Company GR No. 160618 (2006)
• PLDT v Reus 557 SCRA 379 (2008)
• Rivera v Unilab GR No. 155639 (2009)
• Korean Air Co Ltd. V Yuson GR No. 170369 (2010)
• Bibiano C. Elegir vs. Philippine Airlines, Inc. G.R. No. 181995, July 16, 2012
• Banco de Oro v Sagaysay, GR No. 214961, September 16, 2015
• Alfredo Laya Jr. v Court of Appeals, GR No. 205813, January 10, 2018

5. DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
Labor Code: Arts. 128-129, 220-232, 266, 273-277, 278 (g-i) (263, g-i), 288-290 (273-275), 292 (b), 305-
307;
Executive Order Nos. 126 & 251
R.A. No. 9347 (2008)

Case:

• Eastern Mediterranean Maritime Ltd., et al. v Estanislao Surio, et al. G.R. No. 154213, August
23, 2012
• Trifon B. Tumaodos vs. San Miguel Yamamura Packaging Corporation, G.R. No. 241865,
February 19, 2020

- Nothing else follows.-