Lesson Plan Week 8

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A SEMI-DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN ORAL COMMUNICATION

I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
a. Define the speech act

b. Distinguish the types of Speech act, and


c.Choose the correct speech act in a given situation.
II. Subject Matter:
Topic: Speech Act
Materials used- White cartolina, Marker
Reference; LMS
III. Procedure:
A. Preliminary Activities
Prayer
Greetings
Checking of attendance
Review
B. Motivation: The teacher will ask two representatives from the class.
Direction; Each representative will act out a phrase/word without speaking while the other
members in the class try to guess what the word is.
C. Presentation

SPEECH ACTS
Speech act means that what you say is what you act. A more exact definition of speech act is that “it is a functional unit in
communication” (Austin, 1962).
SPEECH ACT THEORY
In Austin’s Speech Act Theory, he suggested the following three levels of acts for sentences:
1. Locutionary Acts
Locutionary acts are defined as the literal meaning of the utterance.
Example: Sandra is beautiful.
2. Illocutionary Acts
Illocutionary acts are related to the social function(s) served by the utterance or written text.
Example: When you give someone an offer, a threat, a promise, a prediction, etc.
Example: If this was uttered by a bully, then you know this sentence serves as a threat or a warning. However, if it was
uttered by a friend who’s planning to hang out with you later, then it serves as a promise.
3. Perlocutionary Acts
Perlocutionary acts are the result or effect that is produced by the utterance in the given context.
Example; If the speaker is a bully, then the perlocutionary act of the sentence is that you will be scared. However, if the
speaker is your friend, then you will feel the pleasures of friendship and the excitement of knowing that your friend will
keep his/her promise to hang out with you.
PERFORMATIVES the speaker, instead of merely saying something or presenting a sentence as a statement, will
perform or is performing in that exact moment an action that accompanies that statement. This action is called a
performative. The following are examples of performatives:

 Giving orders or commands: “I declare Martial Law.”


 Getting married
 Appointing someone to a professional/social position
 Placing bets
 Offering and making promises
 Congratulating someone
 Giving warnings
 Apologizing
 Threatening
 Saying thank you
Performatives come either implicitly or explicitly:
 Implicit
The utterance, “I’ll see you later,” is an example of an implicit performative because the speaker does not specifically
indicate his/her intentions. This means that you must assume the speaker’s intention based on his/her tone of voice
and your relationship together.
 Explicit
If the speaker adds information, saying “I promise, I’ll see you later” or “I’m warning you, I’ll see you later,” then it is
generally clear what the speaker is trying to do. This is an explicit performative because a performative verb is
inserted into the statement. Performative verbs are verbs that act.
Example: Accept, declare, command, announce, answer, excuse, fire, forbid, hire, grant, etc.
 TYPES OF PERFORMATIVES
1. Directives
Directives are performed when you issue a demand or a request.
Example: “Hey, will you tell me where our final exam is?” You’re requesting the listener to answer your question.
Example: When you demand your listener carry out the action you desire, such as “Leave town immediately!” or “I order
you to leave town immediately!”
2. Commissive
Commissives occur when you commit yourself to a future course of action.
Example: When you say, “I will repay the kindness you have shown me” or “I promise to repay the money I borrowed,”
you are committing to pay the debt that you owe.
Example: When you say, “I swear to tell the truth,” you are committing to be honest when you speak.

FELICITOUS AND INFELICITOUS PERFORMATIVES


PRONUNCIATION GUIDE: Felicitous [fəˈlisədəs] or felicity [fəˈlis ədē]
Infelicitous [infəˈlisə dəs] or infelicity [infəˈlisədē]
1. Felicitous Performatives
Felicitous or happy performatives occur when:
A. You hold the proper authority to say the things you speak.
Example: If you are a judge and you say, “I pronounce you husband and wife.”
B. You are not lying or omitting factual details.
Example: You are invited to a party and say, “I promise to come to your party,” and then you go.
C. You are saying things in an appropriate setting.
Example: You are playing in a game and say, “I pass,” when it is your turn
 2. Infelicitous Performatives
Infelicitous or unhappy performatives occur when
A.  You do not hold the authority to say what you are saying.
Example: You are not on the jury, but you still say, “We find the defendant not guilty.”
B. You are lying to your listener.
Example: When you break a promise, say a flat-out lie, merely omit facts, etc.
C.  You are saying things in an inappropriate setting.
Example: You are a juror and say, “We find the defendant not guilty,” while standing outside the courthouse

ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS
John Searle, a student of John Austin’s at Oxford University, specifically focused on illocutionary acts and discovered how
to separate these into five different categories
1. Assertives
Assertive acts occur when you express belief about the truth of a proposition. You will most often use assertives when
you’re trying to convince another person to look into an idea you like, hoping that s/he will accept it.
Example: Suggesting, putting forward ideas, swearing, boasting, concluding, etc.
 2. Directives
Directives are the illocutionary acts used when you are trying to make your listener act.
Example: Asking, ordering, requesting, inviting, advising, begging, etc.
3.  Commissives
Commissives are the illocutionary acts used when you commit to doing something in the future.
Example: Promising, vowing, planning, betting, etc.
4. Expressives
Expressives occur when you express your feelings or emotional reactions.
Example: Thanking, apologizing, welcoming, deploring, etc.
5. Declarations
Declarations are used to bring about some type of change in an external situation.
Example: Blessing, firing, baptizing, excommunicating, passing a sentence, bidding, etc.

Generalization; The teacher will summarize the lesson and ask the students to differentiate the types of Speech
act.
Application: Individual activity Choose the correct types of speech act in each situation. Write (LA)
if it is locutionary act (IA) if illocutionary act and (PA) if perlocutionary act

1. It’s raining outside. (LA)


2. Sandra is beautiful. (LA)
3. There’s too much homework in this subject. (IA)
4. I’ll do my homework later. (IA)
5. Go do your homework! (IA)
6. I was born a filipino, I will live a filipino, I will die a filipino. (PA)
7. Texting while driving kills you, your loved ones, other people (PA)
8. Welcome back to our class(IA)
9. A bully telling you “I’ll see you later”then you got scared (PA)
10. It’s hot here. (LA)
IV. Evaluation:
Direction; Identify what is being asked on the following questions. Write your answers on your paper.
Avoid erasure(any form of erasure considered as wrong)
1. It is defined as what you say is what you act.(Speech Act)
2. It is the literal meaning of the utterance. (Locutionary act)
3. The acts are related to the social function(s) served by the utterance or written text. (Ilocutionary act)
4. It is the result or effect that is produced by the utterance in the given context.(perlocutionary act)
5. Instead of merely saying something or presenting a sentence as a statement, will perform or is performing
in that exact moment an action that accompanies that statement.(Performatives)
6-7. Give at least 2 examples of performatives
8-10 Give at least 3 categories of illocutionary act

V. Assignment:
Read about communicative strategies.

Submitted by:
ELLA MAY M. RECODIG

Submitted to:
Ms. Eliza Joyce E. Valdez

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