SOCIOLOGICAL

PERSPECTIVE OF SELF

Sociology derives part of its name from the Latin word socius
'companion' or 'fellowship' and logos 'study of'.

Sociology is the study of human social relationships and

institutions.
SOCIOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE OF SELF

The self is not present at birth, rather, it develops while

growing through social experience.

the self is not dependent on biological predisposition, rather,

a product of social interaction.
GEORGE HERBERT
MEAD
THE SOCIAL SELF
The self is born of society.
The self is inseparable from society and
bound up with communication.
The self is a SOCIAL ENTITY created
through social interaction.
The self is the human capacity to be
reflective and take roles of others.
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
Stages of Self Development
Preparatory Stage
Ages 0 to 2 years old
Kids mimic or imitate the behaviors of
other people around them.
Play Stage
Ages 2 to 6 years old
Kids start role-playing and taking on the
role of the significant people in their lives.
Kids only take one role at a time.
Game Stage
Ages 7 and up
Kids learn how to play the role of others in
the game.
Kids are involved in organized activities.
Learn roles and follow rules.
CHARLES HORTON
COOLEY
THE LOOKING GLASS SELF
One's sense of self depends on seeing
one's self reflected in interaction with
others.
The self develops through our perception
of other's evaluation of us.
ERVING GOFFMAN
CONSTRUCTING SITUATIONS AND DRAMA
People routinely behave like actors on a
stage. Everyday social life becomes
theatrical. There are roles, scripts, and
actions. Daily life is a series of Stagecraft
roles.
INTERACTION ORDER
the immediate reaction to the
presence of others
ERVING GOFFMAN
DRAMATURGY
how individuals take on roles and act
them out to impress the audience

FRONTSTAGE
The role people play and the behavior
displayed depend on the situation.

BACKSTAGE
how people act and behave freely from
expectations and norms that dictate
frontstage behavior.
PSYCHOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE OF SELF

Psychology is derived from two Latin words psyche, meaning

"soul, mind, and spirit," and logia, meaning "the study of."

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and human

behavior.
PSYCHOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE OF SELF

The self refers to a person's single, unitary, autonomous being

that is separate from others, experienced with continuity
through time and place.
WILLIAM JAMES
CONCEPT OF SELF
Two aspects of the self:
The "I" self
refers to the self that knows who
he/she is.
thinking, acting and feeling self
Pure Ego - a reflection of mind and
soul.
The "Me" self
refers to the empirical self which
refers to the person's experience.
Material Self, Social Self, Spiritual Self
WILLIAM JAMES
The "Me" Self
Material Self
physical attributes and material
possessions that contribute to one's self-
image.
Social Self
refers to who a person is and how he/she
acts in a social situation.
Spiritual Self
refers to the most intimate and important
part of the self.
person's purpose, core values, conscience,
and moral behavior.

A man's self is the sum total of all that he calls

his, not only his body and his psychic powers, but
his cloths and house.
DAVID LESTER
UNIFIED SELF VS. MULTIPLE SELF
the false self is still part of us the
construction of multiple selves varies
across different roles and relationships.
coping with different selves constitutes a
formidable task among adolescents.
these challenges contribute heavily to the
young person's struggle for a united self.
DONALD WINNICOTT
TRUE SELF VS. FALSE SELF
True self refers to a sense of self based on
authentic experience and the feeling of
being truly present and alive.
The false self is a defensive facade.
Its function is to hide and protect the true
self and it tends to impress others.
CARL ROGERS
THE SELF THEORY
believed the inherent goodness of people
importance of free will and
psychological growth
suggested that the actualizing tendency
is the driving force behind human
behavior
human beings are always striving for
self-fulfillment or self-actualization
when the needs of the self are denied,
severe anxiety may result
CARL ROGERS
SELF- CONCEPT
refers to the image of one's self
defined the self as a flexible and
changing perception of personal
identity
self develops from interactions with
significant people and self-awareness.
CARL ROGERS
Components of Self-Concept
Self-Image is the way we see ourselves.
Self-Esteem is the value we place
upon ourselves
Ideal Self is the self we would like to
be.
Incongruence: Self-Image ≠ Self Esteem
Congruence: Self-Actualization
SIGMUND FREUD
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS
MIND
events in our childhood have a great
influence on our adult lives, shaping our
personality
Structures of personality
Psychosexual Stages
Defense Mechanism
SIGMUND FREUD
Sigmund Freud: Structure of Personality
1. ID
is a pleasure-seeking, immature,
impulsive, child-like, and cannot delay
gratification
2. EGO
"I" works on the reality principle,
controls the id, and can delay pleasure
3. SUPEREGO
the "conscience" and works on
morality principle. Two-component:
conscience and ego-ideal.
ALBERT BANDURA
SELF AS PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC
agency is perceived as proactive agents of
experiences.
Agency is the endowments, belief
systems, self-regulatory capabilities, and
distributed structures and functions
Humans have free will
Humans are producers of their life
circumstances not just products of them.
Views people as agents (originators) of
experience not just reactive
ALBERT BANDURA
4 AGENTIC PERSPECTIVE

1. INTENTIONALITY
it enables us to behave with a purpose
to do an act in your own free will
enables the individual to experience
his/her experiences

2. FORETHOUGHT
it allows us to anticipate the
outcomes of our actions
thinking or planning out in advance
ALBERT BANDURA
4 AGENTIC PERSPECTIVE

3. SELF-REACTIVENESS
is the ability of an individual to make
his/her choices and choose the right
courses of action
motivate and regulate the execution

4. SELF-REFLECTIVENESS
we can reflect on our thoughts and
behaviors and make needed
modifications
ALBERT BANDURA
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

Bandura emphasized the importance of

social learning or learning through
observation
His theory emphasized the role of
conscious thoughts including self-efficacy,
or our own beliefs in our abilities
CARL JUNG
SELF AS THE CENTRAL ARCHITYPE
suggested that archetypes were archaic
forms of innate human knowledge passed
down from our ancestors
archetypes represent universal patterns
and images that are part of the
collective unconscious
CARL JUNG
3 Components of Psyche

1. Ego
represents the conscious mind
2. Personal
unconscious contains memories
including those that have been
suppressed
3. Collective
the unconscious is a unique
component in that Jung believed
that this part of the psyche served
as a form of psychological
ARCHETYPE
These are universal, inborn models of people, behaviors, or personalities that play a
role in influencing human behavior.

PERSONA
one's public personality or mask; one's social roles
SHADOW
one's a dark side, parts of ourselves that we dislike. It consists of sex and life
instincts.
ANIMA AND ANIMUS
The anima is a feminine image in the male psyche/feminine aspect in men; the
animus is a male image in the female psyche/ masculine aspect in women's
Bisexuality
SELF
represents the unified unconsciousness and the consciousness of an individual.
shown in an archetypal image called mandala which signifies the wholeness of the
Self.