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Distillation - Notes Part V

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) Calculate the molar flow rate of the feed stream using the mass flow rate and average molecular weight of the feed. 2) Write material balance equations around the column for total moles and moles of each component. 3) Substitute the known quantities (feed composition, product purities, reflux ratio) into the material balance equations. 4) Solve the simultaneous equations to determine the molar flow rate of the distillate stream. 5) Use the definition of reflux ratio to determine the number of ideal plates based on the McCabe-Thiele construction method. 6) The feed plate location is determined graphically from

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49 views7 pages

Distillation - Notes Part V

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) Calculate the molar flow rate of the feed stream using the mass flow rate and average molecular weight of the feed. 2) Write material balance equations around the column for total moles and moles of each component. 3) Substitute the known quantities (feed composition, product purities, reflux ratio) into the material balance equations. 4) Solve the simultaneous equations to determine the molar flow rate of the distillate stream. 5) Use the definition of reflux ratio to determine the number of ideal plates based on the McCabe-Thiele construction method. 6) The feed plate location is determined graphically from

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Mass Transfe r-II Notes

Calculation of q-value

When feed is part ially vaporized: Other than saturated liquid (q = 1) and saturat ed vapor (q = 0), the
feed condition is uncertain. In that case one must calculate the value of q. The q -value can be
obtained from enthalpy balance around the feed plate. By enthalpy balance one can obtain the q-value
from the following form of Equation:

Where, HF, HV and HLare enthalpies of feed, vapor and liquid respect ively which can be obtained
from enthalpy-concentration diagram for the mixture.

When feed is cold liquid or supe rheate d vapor:

q can be alternatively defined as the heat required to convert 1 mole of feed from its entering
condition to a saturated vapor; divided by the molal latent heat of vaporization. Based on this
definition, one can calculate the q-value from t he following Equations for the case whereby q > 1
(cold liquid feed) and q < 0 (superheated vapor feed) as:

where Tbp is the bubble point, λ is the latent heat of vaporization and Tdp is the dew point of the feed
respectively.

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3. A continuous fractionating column is to be designed for separating 10,000 kg per hour of a
liquid mixture containing 40 mole percent methanol and 60 mole percent water into an
overhead product containing 97 mole percent methanol and a bottom product having 98 mole
percent water. A mole reflux ratio of 3 is used. Calculate (i) moles of overhead product
obtained per hour and (ii) number of ideal plates and location of the feed plate if the feed is at
its bubble point.

Equilibrium data:

x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

y 0.417 0.579 0.669 0.729 0.78 0.825 0.871 0.915 0.959

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Where x = mole fraction of methanol in liquid

And y = mole fraction of methanol in vapor

Data:

Feed rate = 10,000 kg/hr

z F = 0.4

xD = 0.97

xW = 0.02

R=3

Calculations:

(i) Moles of overhead product:

Average molecular weight of feed = 0.4 x 32 + 0.6 x 18 = 23.6

M olal flow rate of feed = 10000/23.6 = 423.73 kmol/hr

M aterial balance equations:

F=D+W

F z F = D xD + W xW

Where F = feed; D = distillate; W = residue

Substituting for the known quantities,

423.73 = D + W

423.73 x 0.4 = 0.97 D + 0.02 W

0.97 D - 0.02 D = 169.492 - 8.4746

D = 169.492 kmol/hr

Overhead product obtained = 169.492 kmol/hr

(ii) Number of ideal plates:

Slope of 'q - line' =  (feed is at its bubble point)

R = L/D = 3

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Number of theoretical plates are estimated from the M cCabe-Thiele graphical construction
method and found to be equal to 7. And the location of feed plate is 5th plate (counting from
the top)

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