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Turkey

Turkey is a transcontinental country located in both Western Asia and Southeast Europe. It has borders with several countries including Greece, Bulgaria, and Iran. Turkey has a long history dating back to ancient civilizations like the Hittites and was later part of the Ottoman Empire until the 1920s when the Turkish War of Independence resulted in the formation of the modern Republic of Turkey. Turkey has a strategic geographic location and a growing economy, and is a member of NATO and an EU accession candidate. It has a rich cultural heritage influenced by its long history and diverse peoples.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
105 views1 page

Turkey

Turkey is a transcontinental country located in both Western Asia and Southeast Europe. It has borders with several countries including Greece, Bulgaria, and Iran. Turkey has a long history dating back to ancient civilizations like the Hittites and was later part of the Ottoman Empire until the 1920s when the Turkish War of Independence resulted in the formation of the modern Republic of Turkey. Turkey has a strategic geographic location and a growing economy, and is a member of NATO and an EU accession candidate. It has a rich cultural heritage influenced by its long history and diverse peoples.
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Turkey 

(Turkish: Türkiye [ˈtyɾcije]), officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye


Cumhuriyeti [ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti] ( listen)), is a transcontinental country located mainly on
the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast
Europe. It shares borders with the Black Sea to the north; Georgia to the
northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and
the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the
northwest. Cyprus is located off the south coast. Turks form the vast majority of the nation's
population and Kurds are the largest minority.[4] Ankara is Turkey's capital, while Istanbul is its largest
city and financial centre.
One of the world's earliest permanently settled regions, present-day Turkey was home to
important Neolithic sites like Göbekli Tepe, and was inhabited by ancient civilisations including
the Hattians, Hittites, Anatolian peoples, Mycenaean Greeks, Persians and others.[11][12][13][14] Following
the conquests of Alexander the Great which started the Hellenistic period, most of the ancient
regions in modern Turkey were culturally Hellenised, which continued during the Byzantine era.[12]
[15]
 The Seljuk Turks began migrating in the 11th century, and the Sultanate of
Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into small Turkish
principalities.[16] Beginning in the late 13th century, the Ottomans united the principalities and
conquered the Balkans, and the Turkification of Anatolia increased during the Ottoman period.
After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453, Ottoman expansion continued
under Selim I. During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a global
power.[11][17][18] From the late 18th century onwards, the empire's power declined with a gradual loss of
territories.[19] Mahmud II started a period of modernisation in the early 19th century.[20] The Young Turk
Revolution of 1908 restricted the authority of the Sultan and restored the Ottoman Parliament after a
30-year suspension, ushering the empire into a multi-party period.[21][22] The 1913 coup d'état put the
country under the control of the Three Pashas, who facilitated the Empire's entry into World War I as
part of the Central Powers in 1914. During the war, the Ottoman government
committed genocides against its Armenian, Greek and Assyrian subjects.[a][25] After its defeat in the
war, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned.[26]
The Turkish War of Independence against the occupying Allied Powers resulted in the abolition of
the Sultanate on 1 November 1922, the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne (which superseded
the Treaty of Sèvres) on 24 July 1923 and the proclamation of the Republic on 29 October 1923.
With the reforms initiated by the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Turkey became
a secular, unitary and parliamentary republic. Turkey played a prominent role in the Korean War and
joined NATO in 1952. The country endured several military coups in the latter half of the 20th
century. The economy was liberalised in the 1980s, leading to stronger economic growth and
political stability. The parliamentary republic was replaced with a presidential system by referendum
in 2017.
Turkey is a regional power and a newly industrialized country,[27] with a geopolitically strategic
location.[28] Its economy, which is classified among the emerging and growth-leading economies, is
the twenty third-largest in the world by nominal GDP, and the eleventh-largest by PPP. In addition to
being an early member of NATO, Turkey is a charter member of the United Nations, the IMF, and
the World Bank, and a founding member of the OECD, OSCE, BSEC, OIC, OTS and G20. After
becoming one of the early members of the Council of Europe in 1950, Turkey became an associate
member of the EEC in 1963, joined the EU Customs Union in 1995, and started accession
negotiations with the European Union in 2005. Turkey has a rich cultural legacy shaped by centuries
of history and the influence of the various peoples that have inhabited its territory over several
millennia; it is home to 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is among the most visited countries in
the world.

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