functional programming
and
Java 8
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“Every problem in computer science can be solved
by adding another level of indirection.”
- David Wheeler
Programming Paradigms
• Machine Code
• Procedural Languages
• Object Oriented Languages
• Functional Languages
• Domain Specific Languages
What is FP ?
In computer science, functional programming is a
programming paradigm—a style of building the structure and
elements of computer programs—that treats computation as
the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids
changing-state and mutable data.
Origins
• Lambda Calculus (A.Church, 1930s)
• Combinatory Logic (H.Curry, 1930s)
• LISP (J.McCarthy, 1960s)
• ML (1970s)
• OCaml (1996)
• …
FP: Why Now ?
• Moore’s Law runs out (in terms of CPU speeds)
• Increasing need for;
• Concurrency & Parallelism
• Distributed Computing
• Scalability
Benefits of FP
• Concurrency/Parallelism without tears
• Succinct, concise, understandable programming model
• Different programming perspective
• Reusability, testability
• Becoming more accessible
Functional Languages
• Haskell * • Erlang
• Clean * • Java
• Lisp/Scheme • Scala
• ML/OCaml • C++ (11+)
• F# • JavaScript
* Pure
Sample:
Imperative Approach
class Player { String name; int score; Player(..){..} }
void declareWinner(Player p) {
System.out.println(p.name + “ is the winner! ”);
}
void winner(Player p1, Player p2) { // Impure
if(p1.score > p2.score)
declareWinner(p1);
else
declareWinner(p2);
}
winner(new Player(“Ram”, 10), new Player(“John”, 20));
Sample:
Functional Core + Impure Layers
class Player { String name; int score; Player(..){..} }
void declareWinner(Player p) {
System.out.println(p.name + “ is the winner! ”);
}
Player maxScore(Player p1, Player p2) {
return p1.score > p2.score ? p1 : p2;
}
Player winner(Player p1, Player p2) {
declareWinner(maxScore(p1, p2));
}
winner(new Player(“Ram”, 10), new Player(“John”, 20));
Sample:
Reuse
List<Player> players = List(Player("Ram", 10),
Player("John", 15),
Player("Hari", 20),
Player("Krishna", 17));
System.out.println(players.stream().reduce(Play::maxScore));
Hands on examples
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Done. (for now)
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