Quick Guide and Memo Card

Compact Titrator
G20
 Preparation

1 Preparation
To explain the procedure for a titration method, we will run a simple acid-base titration. 5 ml of HCl solu­
tion (0.1 mol/L) is to be titrated with NaOH (0.1 mol/L). The method for determining the acidity is creat­
ed from a method template and saved on the home screen in the form of a shortcut.
For this titration, you will need:
● approx. 5 ml of a HCl solution (concentration = 0.1 mol/L)
● a titrant bottle containing NaOH (concentration = 0.1 mol/L)
First you must calibrate the sensor (a DGi115-SC in this example). For this, you will need the sensor
and three different buffer solutions. This example uses three buffer solutions (pH: 4.01, 7.00 and 9.21)
from METTLER TOLEDO. If you would like to use a different sensor or buffer solutions, you will have to
make the appropriate changes to the "Sample (Calibration)" method function (you can find detailed
information on this in the Operating Instructions). To determine the titer of the NaOH, you will need
approx. 50 mg potassium hydrogen phthalate as a standard.
The titrator is assembled, connected, and installed (see the Installation Instructions).
a) Prepare the hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide in the above-mentioned concentrations. The
sodium hydroxide must be carbonate-free.
b) Prepare the 10 ml burette for the sodium hydroxide and position it on the drive (see the Installation
Instructions).
c) Follow the instructions on the touchscreen until the PnP burette containing the titrant is displayed in
the setup.
d) To protect the sodium hydroxide against CO2, apply a drying tube to the NaOH bottle's burette hold­
er.
e) Fasten a titration beaker to the titration stand and run the dispensing tube for the sodium hydroxide
solution into the titration head.
f) Place the compact stirrer in the appropriate opening on the titration stand and connect it to the titra­
tor's STIRRER / PUMP output (see Installation Instructions).
g) Select "Manual stand" in the setup under Hardware > Titration Stands
h) Connect a USB printer to the titrator (USB1 or USB2 port) (see the Installation Instructions).
i) To automatically copy over weighing results, you can also connect a compatible scale to the titrator
(COM port; see the Installation Instructions).
The following provides a Quick Guide on how to operate the touchscreen and how to perform a simple
Karl Fischer titration.

1.1 Functional Description

Before you start a titration, familiarize yourself with the function of the operating elements.
The titrator Touchscreen control panel
The control panel consists of an integrated touchscreen and four additional keys, which are located next
to the touch-sensitive surface of the display.
● Reset, the current task is aborted.
● Info, calls up the online help for the contents of the current dialog.
● Home, always returns you to the Homescreen (the blue Home keys are located at the bottom right
and left of the Touchscreen).

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Preparation

1.2 Using plug & play burettes

When you place a new burette that has never been used before on the titrator for the first time, it will not
yet be initialized. An Info dialog appears, allowing you to initialize the burette.
a) Select Initialize.
b) After the initialization procedure, you will have to briefly remove the burette from the titrator. (Burettes
only have to be initialized the first time they are used on the titrator.)
c) Then put the burette back on the titrator.
The titrator will recognize the initialized burette, which does not yet have any titrant data.
d) Select Create to create a new titrant for the burette.
e) Select Assign to assign the burette an existing titrant from the setup.
After a titrant is assigned to the burette or a new titrant is created for the burette, the system will
update the burette data accordingly and the assigned titrant will appear with the suffix 'PnP' in
the setup.
f) The next time the burette is placed on the titrator, it will automatically be recognized with its assigned
titrant and that titrant will be entered in the setup.
g) At this point, you can press Modify to assign a different titrant to the burette.

1.3 Rinse and fill burette

Navigation: Home>Manual operations>Burette
To fill the burette and tubes with titrant and remove any air bubbles from the system, you should then
rinse the burette three times with titrant. To do that, use the manual operation "Rinse burette."
Press Home if the home screen is not already displayed.
a) Select the Manual button to open the Manual operations dialog. In this dialog, press the Burette
button.
b) In the Burettes dialog, use the rinse button to access the parameters for the rinse process.
c) Select the relevant titrant.
d) For the "Cycles" parameter, enter "3" for three rinse cycles.
e) Press Start to start the rinse procedure (an animation shows the progress of the current rinse
process).
When all rinse procedures are complete, use the OK button to return to the Rinse dialog. The burette
should now be filled and the hoses should be free of air bubbles.

1.4 Calibrating the sensor / sensor test

The following describes how to calibrate a pH sensor or carry out a sensor test from the setup.
Connect the sensor (DGi115-SC) to the titrator (port: SENSOR) and attach it to the titration head. Prepare
three beakers containing buffer solutions (pH 4.01, 7.00 and 9.21).
If you wish to calibrate a sensor with a titrator or carry out a pH sensor test, you can either start an
appropriate method directly or use the sensor setup.
a) Press Methods on the home screen.
The list of methods saved in the titrator will appear.
b) In this dialog, press the New button.

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 Preparation

The method templates will appear.

c) For calibration, select the template "Calibration" with the ID 00009 or for the sensor test select the
template "pH sensor test" with the ID 00022.
The two methods only differ by the selection of the parameter "Action" = "Calibration" or "Action"
= "Sensor test" in the "Sample (Calibration)" method function.
All the method functions' parameters are defined with standard values, so you can save the new
method unchanged. Nevertheless, check in the "Sample (Calibration)" method function to see
whether the correct sensor and the correct buffer solutions are referenced, in the correct order.
d) Press Save to save the newly created method in the method list.
The newly created method for the sensor calibration or sensor test will automatically receive the
next free ID (starting with U) and the title "Calibration" or "pH sensor test". But you can make
any changes you like to both in the "Title" method function.
e) Touch Start.
The Start analysis dialog opens, allowing you to review the data again for the selected meth­
ods.
f) Touch Start.
g) With the AddToHome button, you can create a shortcut on the home screen that you can use in
future to quickly and easily start the sensor calibration.
The Shortcut parameters dialog opens.
h) Enter a name for the shortcut in the "Description" field.
i) Select the "Immediate start" parameter to start the method directly, i.e. without opening the Start
analysis dialog.
j) Save the shortcut.
Your newly created shortcut can be found on the home screen.

1.4.1 Calibrate sensor

a) Press the shortcut you have created on the home screen for Calibration.
The system will now ask you to attach one beaker after another of the appropriate buffer solution
to the titration head.
Sample 1: buffer solution, pH 4.01
Sample 2: buffer solution, pH 7.00
Sample 3: buffer solution, pH 9.21
b) Each measurement will start after a stirring time of 10 seconds. Rinse the electrode with deionized
water after each measurement.
While the buffer solutions are being measured, the online screen will display the time, measure­
ment in [mV] and the curve.
During the calibration, the system will output a record on the printer. You can define the size of
the record in the "Record" method function prior to starting the method.
The calibration data determined will automatically be copied to the setup.

1.4.2 pH sensor test

a) Press the shortcut you have created on the home screen for the Sensor test.

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Preparation

The system will now ask you to attach one beaker after another of the two buffer solutions to the
titration head.
Sample 1: buffer solution, pH 4.01
Sample 2: buffer solution, pH 9.21
The measurements of both calibration solutions are determined. Another drift determination is
carried out for the second solution.
Note:
When you use the direct shortcuts, the first request to add the sample does not appear.
b) Each measurement will start after a stirring time of 10 seconds. Rinse the electrode with deionized
water after each measurement.
While the buffer solutions are being measured, the online screen will display the time, measure­
ment in [mV] and the curve.
The data determined will automatically be copied to the setup.
During the sensor test, the system will output a record to the printer. You can define the size of
the record in the "Record" method function prior to starting the method.

6 G20
 Determine titer

2 Determine titer
a) Weigh about 50 mg of potassium hydrogen phthalate and dissolve it in a beaker containing deion­
ized water.
b) Press Methods on the home screen.
The list of methods saved in the titrator will appear.
c) In this dialog, press the New button.
The method templates will appear.
d) Select the template "Titer with EQP" with the ID 00007.
e) Then select the "Sample (Titer)" method function.
f) In the Sample (Titer) dialog, select the parameter "Entry" = "Before". You will then be asked at the
start of the titer determination to enter the sample size.
g) Press OK to exit the method function.
h) Open the "Titration (EQP)" method function and press the Abort button.
i) Select the parameter "After number of recognized EQP's" and enter the number "1" for the "Number
of EQP's" parameter. This will end the titer determination after the first EQP is detected.
j) Press OK to exit the method function and then save the new method.
k) Touch Start.
The Start analysis dialog opens. This allows you, as described above, to create a shortcut for
this method via the AddToHome button.
l) Enter the sample size.
m) Touch Start.
The titer determination begins.
You will now be asked to add the sample substance.
n) Press the Start button to start the titer determination.
o) Fasten the beaker of potassium hydrogen phthalate solution to the titration head and confirm the
message window by pressing OK.
The titration will start after a stirring period of 10 seconds.
During the titer determination, the online screen will display the measured pH values over the
titrated volume in [ml]. Using the Measurements button, you can switch to the table of mea­
sured values. Press the Axes button to change the axes of the online curve.
After the titer determination is complete, the titer measured will automatically be copied to the
setup.
p) After the titer determination is complete, rinse the sensor with deionized water.

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Run titration

3 Run titration
a) Pour about 5 ml HCl (0.1 mol/L) into a titration beaker and fill it up with approx. 50 ml deionized
water.
b) Press Methods on the home screen.
The list of methods saved in the titrator will appear.
c) In this dialog, press the New button.
The method templates are displayed.
d) Select the "EQP" template with the ID 00001.
e) Then select the "Title" method function and enter a title for the new method. The ID will be assigned
automatically but can be changed if necessary.
f) Press OK to exit the method function.
g) Select the "Sample" method function.
h) Under "ID 1", enter your choice of ID for the sample to be analyzed.
i) Select the parameter "Entry type" = "Volume".
j) Increase the number for the "Lower limit" parameter to 6 ml.
k) Select the parameter "Entry type" = "Before". At the start of the titration, you will then be asked to
enter the sample size.
l) Press OK to exit the method function.
m) Open the "Titration (EQP)" method function and press the Abort button (appears when the window
content is moved upwards).
n) Select the parameter "After number of recognized EQP's" and enter the number "1" for the "Number of
EQP's" parameter. This will end the titration after the first detected EQP.
o) Press OK to exit the method function and then save the new method.
p) Open the "Calculation R1" method function. The parameters of the method function will appear with
their predefined standard values. (You can define two different calculations, R1 and R2, but for this
example we will use only one calculation (Calculation R1).)
q) Press the Results proposals button.
A suggestions list will appear containing various combinations of parameters for giving the
result in different units.
r) From the list, select giving the results in the units mol/L.
After you make this selection, the first four parameters of the "Calculation R1" method function
("Result," "Result unit," "Formula" and "Constant C=") will be filled in automatically.
s) Select the molar mass of hydrochloric acid from the list field for parameter "M".
The numbers for the "M" and "z" parameters will automatically be entered into the "Calculation
R1" method function.
t) Select the "Calculation R2" method function and delete it by pressing the Delete button.
u) Save the method.
v) Touch Start.
The Start analysis dialog opens. This allows you, as described above, to create a shortcut for
this method via the AddToHome button.
You will move to the home screen, which should now contain a total of three shortcuts (one for
the sensor calibration, one for the titer determination and one for the actual titration).

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 Run titration

w) Select the new shortcut to move to the Start analysis dialog.

x) Enter the sample size.
y) To perform the titration, touch Start.
You are prompted to add the sample. To do this, attach the beaker containing the HCl solution
to the titration head and press OK to confirm the message window.
If the titrator discovers at the start that one of the resources it needs for the titration (titration
stand, titrant, sensor, etc.) is missing, a message window will inform you.
The titration will start after a stirring period of 10 seconds.
During titration, the online screen will display the measured pH values over the titrated volume
in [ml]. Using the Measurements button, you can switch to the table of measured values. Press
the Axes button to change the axes of the online curve.
After the titration, the system will output a record on the printer. You can define the size of the
record in the "Record" method function prior to starting the method.
The results determined will be saved automatically and can be viewed from the home screen
under Results.
z) After the titration, rinse the sensor with deionized water.

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Memo Card

4 Memo Card

4.1 Results proposal lists

Proposal list
In the "Calculation" dialog window (see "Methods: Method functions > Calculation"), using the Results
proposals button, specified results with unit, formula and Constant can be selected.
Proposal lists for the "Sample" and "Sample (Titer)" method functions are dependent on the "Entry type"
parameter. When the "Entry type" is modified, a validation is immediately carried out to determine
whether the selected calculation exists in the corresponding entry type.
Result type: Predefined
After selecting a result from the proposal list, the "Result unit", "Formula" and "Constant" fields are auto­
matically populated and can not be modified. Result, Result unit and the entry type selected in the "Sam­
ple" method function are used to determine the formula.
Result type: User defined
If the parameter "Result type=User defined" is selected, you can modify the "Result", "Result unit" and
"Constant" fields; though not the formula.
The mode "User defined" only offers empty proposal lists. A result can only be selected in Predefined
mode. If you switch this to "User defined", a number can be entered for "Constant C =".
The proposal lists inside and outside a loop are different. Inside a loop and for the "Result
type=Predefined", the calculation type can also be selected ("Direct titration", "Back titration", "Blank-
compensated", "Others").
An auxiliary value exists in the setup. This can not be deleted, nor can addition auxiliary values be creat­
ed. The name of the auxiliary value is fixed.
The different proposal lists are displayed as follows:

4.1.1 Results proposal list inside loop

4.1.1.1 Proposal list for "Calculation type=Direct titration"

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=
according to entry
type
Consumption ml -- VEQ C=1
ml/g g VEQ/m
ml/ml ml VEQ/m
mmol -- Q
Total consumption mmol -- QEND
Consumption until mmol -- QE(H[AuxValue])
pot.
Content mg/g g Q*C/m C = M/z
mol/kg ml: m*d C = 1/z
mmol/g pc: m*wp
mmol/kg C = 1000/z
ppm C = M*1000/z
% C = M/(10*z)
g/100g
mg/100g C=100*M/z
Content g/L g: m/d Q*C/m C = M/z

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 Memo Card

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=

according to entry
type
Content mg/L ml Q*C/m C = M*1000/z
mol/L C = 1/z
eq/L C=1
meq/L C = 1,000
mmol/L C = 1000/z

4.1.1.2 Proposal list for "Calculation type=Automatic back titration"

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=
according to entry
type
Consumption ml -- VEQ C=1
ml/g g VEQ/m
ml/ml ml VEQ/m
mmol -- Q
Total consumption mmol -- QEND
Consumption until mmol -- QE(H[AuxValue])
pot.
Content mg/g g R = (QENDDi-Q)*C/m C = M/z
mol/kg ml: m*d C = 1/z
mmol/g
pc: m*wp
mmol/kg C = 1000/z
ppm C = M*1000/z
% C = M/(10*z)
g/100g
mg/100g C=100*M/z
Content g/L g: m/d R = (QENDDi-Q)*C/m C = M/z
mg/L ml C = M*1000/z
mol/L C = 1/z
eq/L C=1
meq/L C = 1,000
mmol/L C = 1000/z

4.1.1.3 Proposal list for "Calculation type=Manual back titration"

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=
according to entry
type
Consumption ml -- VEQ C=1
ml/g g VEQ/m
ml/ml ml VEQ/m
mmol -- Q
Total consumption mmol -- QEND
Consumption until mmol -- QE(H[AuxValue])
pot.
Content mg/g g R = (H[AuxValue] –Q) * C = M/z
mol/kg ml: m*d C/m C = 1/z
mmol/g
pc: m*wp
mmol/kg C = 1000/z
ppm C = M*1000/z

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Memo Card

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=

according to entry
type
Content % R = (H[AuxValue] –Q) * C = M/(10*z)
g/100g C/m
mg/100g C=100*M/z
Content g/L g: m/d R = (H[AuxValue]–Q) * C = M/z
mg/L ml C/m C = M*1000/z
mol/L C = 1/z
eq/L C=1
meq/L C = 1,000
mmol/L C = 1000/z

4.1.1.4 Proposal list for "Calculation type= Blank-compensated"

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=
according to entry
type
Consumption ml -- VEQ C=1
ml/g g VEQ/m
ml/ml ml VEQ/m
mmol -- Q
Total consumption mmol -- QEND
Consumption until mmol -- QE(H[AuxValue])
pot.
Content mg/g g R = (Q–B[Blank]) * C/m C = M/z
mol/kg ml: m*d C = 1/z
mmol/g
pc: m*wp
mmol/kg C = 1000/z
ppm C = M*1000/z
% C = M/(10*z)
g/100g
mg/100g C=100*M/z
mg KOH/g R = (QE(H[AuxValue])- C = M/z
B[Blank]) * C/m
Bromine No. g/100g R = (QEND- C = M/(10*z)
B[Blank])*C/m
Content g/L g: m/d R = (Q–B[Blank]) * C/m C = M/z
mg/L ml C = M*1000/z
mol/L C = 1/z
eq/L C=1
meq/L C = 1,000
mmol/L C = 1000/z

4.1.1.5 Proposal list for "Calculation type=Others"

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=
according to entry
type
Potential mV -- E C=1
pH pH
Ion conc. pX
pM

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 Memo Card

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=

according to entry
type
Ion conc. ppm -- E C=1
Absorption A
Transmission %T
Current μA
Temperature °C -- T C=1
K
°F
Ion conc. mmol/L -- pw(-E)*1000 C=1
mol/L -- pw(-E)
For Calibration, the results proposals for "Calculation type=Others" also apply.

4.1.1.6 Proposal List for the Method type "Titer"

Result Unit Replacing Formula R= Constant C=
"m"
Titer -- g m/(VEQ*c*C) C = M/(10*p*z)
-- mL C = 1/(cst*z)
-- g C = d/(cst*z)

4.1.2 Results proposal list outside loop

Result Unit Replace "m" Formula R= Constant C=
according to entry
type
Mean value -- -- Mean[R1] C=1
Mean value -- -- Mean[R2] C=1

4.2 Symbols for calculations

Inside the "Calculation" method function, you can access certain analysis data (Raw results, Results,
Resource data and Sample data) via the different symbols. The following is a list of the symbols used for
the G20. The list also contains additional symbols which are used in the records:
Symbol Meaning
VEQ (=V) Titrant consumption in [ml] up to the end point or equivalence point.
For multiple equivalence points, the consumption is calculated from the
previous equivalence point.
VEND Titrant volume in [ml] used up to the end of a titration method function,
including pretitration.
VENDDi The total titrant volume used during a dispensing method function in
[ml].
VEX The excess of titrant (i.e. excess in ml after EQP or EP) added after
reaching the end point or equivalence point.
QEQ (=Q) Substance quantity in [mmol] used up to the end point or equivalence
point.
QEND The total substance quantity in [mmol] used up to the end of a titration
method function.
QENDDi The total substance quantity in [mmol] used during a dispensing
method function.
QEX The excess of titrant added after reaching the end point or equivalence
point, i.e. mmol excess after EQP or EP.

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Memo Card

Symbol Meaning
QE(H[AuxValue]) Consumption up to the auxiliary value in [mmol].
E The measured potential of a method function "Measure (normal)" in
[mV, pH...].
C Gives the nominal concentration in [mol/L] of the titrant being used.
pw(-E) The ionic concentration in [mol/L], [E=pH, pX, pM].
t Duration of the titration in [min].
tDi Dispensing time in [min].
tMe The duration of a measurement in [min].
ESTMe Initial potential for an analysis with the "Measure (normal)" method
function.
EEQ The potential at the end point or equivalence point of a titration method
function.
EHNV The potential at VEQ/2 of a titration method function (not for titration
(EP)).
EPD The measured potential after the waiting period for predispensing during
a titration method function.
T The measured temperature in a method function "Measure (normal)"
(direct measurement with temperature sensor or concomitant tempera­
ture acquisition) in [°C], [K], [°F].
M Stands for the molecular weight of a substance (as stored in the setup).
z Stands for the equivalent number of a substance (as stored in the set­
up).
B[Blank] A blank.
m Stands for the sample size [g, ml, pcs].
d Stands for the density of a sample or a standards [g/ml].
wp Stands for the weight per piece (can be changed under "Sample") [g].
p Stands for the purity of a fixed titer standard [%].
cst Stands for the concentration of a liquid titer standard [mol/L].
Rx A result x.
C Stands for a constant that uniquely belongs to the result Rx. This means
it can not be used for the calculation of other results.
For information on using Constant C, refer to "Results: results proposal
lists".
Mean[Rx] The mean value of a result Rx.
nEQ Stands for the number of equivalent points for the Titration (EQP, Lern
EQP) method function.

4.3 METTLER TOLEDO solutions

Make your titrator even more efficient with additional intelligent solutions from METTLER TOLEDO:
Applications With applications from METTLER TOLEDO for solu­
tions customized to your needs.
www.mt.com/Titration_Applications
Automation Consistently increased productivity and repro­
ducibility for your titrations with automatic titration
systems.
www.mt.com/Titration_Automation
Software Full overview, total control - with LabX titration soft­
ware.
www.mt.com/LabX Titration

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 Subject to technical changes.

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