EnSci 13

MAP
GEOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION
SYSTEM Representation of a geographic area,
CHAPTER III surface, drawn or printed on a flat
The Map surface
Types:
General Reference Map
Thematic Map

GENERAL REFERENCE MAPS GENERAL REFERENCE MAPS

give general information about the location of Types:
features
provides information to convey where things are in
1. Base Map
relation to each other a reference map on which you overlay data
from layers and visualize geographic information
display the following:
relatively static and are updated on an infrequent
1. geographic boundaries including names and different basis
identifiers of ordinary regional areas
designed to be used at multiple map scales, so the
2. physical features e.g. roads, railroads, coastlines, base map portrays appropriate content at each
rivers and lakes range of map scales
3. cultural features add to the aesthetic appeal of a map
GENERAL REFERENCE MAPS Example: Time zone map
Types of Base Maps:
political maps - show the geographic boundaries between governmental units such as
countries, states, and counties. They show roads, cities and major water features such as
oceans, rivers and lakes
physical maps - show the natural landscape features of Earth. They are best known for
showing topography, either by colors or as shaded relief
road maps - provides travel route directions. It can create directions for people who are
driving, taking public transportation, walking, cycling or taking a plane (e.g. Google map, and
google earth)
topographic maps - - usually do this with lines of equal
elevation; also show other important natural features such as lakes, rivers and stream;
important cultural features are also (e.g. roads, trails, buildings, place names, bench marks,
cemeteries, churches, schools, etc.)
time zone maps - use to determine the time in different parts of the world. Time zones are
regions of the world where people set their clocks to display the same time of day. This
synchronization of time has many commercial, navigational, and social benefits
geologic maps, - show the types of rocks and sediments present immediately below the
surface of a geographic area
zip code maps - usually plotted over a base map that shows the roads and streets within
the zip code area

GENERAL REFERENCE MAPS General Maps: Base Map

Types: Types:
General Base Map
1. Base Map Broad and more generalized information
a reference map on which you overlay data
from layers and visualize geographic information Small scale
Political maps, physical maps, road
maps, topographic maps, time zone Content: Boundaries, major roads, built up areas & natural
features (aquatic ecosystem)
maps, geologic maps, and zip code maps
Vicinity Map Uses:
Land-use planning: general land-use & analytic maps
Shows the geographic location of the study
area in relation to the province or region Illustration purposes: population distribution & density maps
 General Maps: Base Map General Maps: Base Map
Information: Types:
Boundaries of the rea Urban Base Map : urban areas
Political
Municipal
Detailed information
Provincial Institutional sites
Permanent physical features of the study area Monuments
Roads Playgrounds
Harbors Parks
Water bodies: streams, rivers, lakes Open space
Other pertinent information
Map orientation
Scale
Titles
legend

General Maps: Base Map Thematic Maps

Scale: Thematic Map show distribution of
National planning: 1:1,500,000
specific a feature/topic
Regional planning: 1:1,250,000 designed to show a particular theme
Provincial planning: 1:50,000 connected with a specific geographic area
Types:
Metropolitan: 1:25,000
1. Univariate
City/Town Planning
General Land Use: 1:5,000 OR 1:10,000 OR 1:25,000
2. Bivariate
Urban Land Use 1:2,000 or 1:4,000 3. Multivariate
 Types of Thematic Mapping Types of Thematic Mapping
4. isoline map -
1. chorochromatic maps - showing qualitative differences with the use of color
differences;
5. diagram maps -
2. choropleth maps showing differences in relative quantities with differences in
value or tint;
6. flow maps -
3. proportional symbol maps
7. dot maps -

Thematic Maps:
Thematic Maps: Types
Climatic Map
Univariate Thematic Map - A simple Gives prevailing type of rainfall in a given
outline maps depicting a single feature of area

subject. Wind direction

Examples:
Population distribution
Soil Philippines: 4 distinct climatic types
temperature
Water
Forests
 Thematic Maps:
Relief Map
Hydrogeologic Map
Carries on:
fault zones
bedrock formation
surface water
ground water
Water level contour
Peizometric level
Permeability
Bedrock quality type

Other Thematic
maps Thematic Maps: Types
elevation Multivariate Thematic Maps -
illustrates the derived results on
analysis and synthesis of 2 or
more variable factors according to
desired output
Bivariate - displays two variables on a single map by
combining two different sets of graphic symbols or colors
Multivariate - encode multiple geographic facts about each
location using more complex map symbols
 Thematic Maps: Multivariate
Flooding hazard Categories:
No flooding
Land capability classification Slight flooding
Soil suitability Moderately
flooding
Erosion potential Severe
Developmental constraints flooding
Very severe
flooding

Multivariate Thematic Map: Multivariate Thematic Map: Soil

Flooding Hazard Suitability Classification (Urban Use)
CATEGORY SOIL ABSORPTION SLOPE
CAPABILTY Slope
No Flooding Hazard Well Drained ANY SLOPE
Moderately Drained Erosion
Poorly Drained
Slight Flooding Hazard Moderately Drained 3%-5% Soil profile characteristics
Poorly Drained 5%-8%
Very Poorly Drained Flooding
Moderately Flooding Hazard Moderately Drained 0%-3%
Poorly Drained 3%-5% Stoniness
Very Poorly Drained 5%-15%
Severe Flooding Hazard Poorly Drained 0%-3%
Very Poorly Drained 3%-5%
Very Severe Flooding Hazard Very Poorly Drained 0%-3%
 Multivariate Thematic Map: Soil Multivariate Thematic Map:
Suitability Classification (Urban Use) Land Capability Classification
CATEGORY SLOPE & EROSION SOIL PROFILE FLOODING STONINESS
CHARACTERISTICS Soil characteristics
good 0-10%: Level-gently Deep-moderately No flooding; No rockiness and
sloping;
None-moderately
deep;
Clayey solum;
Good drainage
w/low water table
shrinking/swelling
problems
condition limitation
eroded Well-moderately well
drained Flood hazard
fair 15% - gently sloping Moderately deep Moderately drainage Slight to moderate
rolling relief;
Moderate-severely
depp profile;
Erosion may result in
problem due to run-off
& slow permeability
shrinking &
swelling rockiness Drainage
eroded shallow profile depth to rate & stoniness
bedrock problem Slope
poor 15-25% steep or hill Deep clay loam Soil drainage good or
topography;
Moderate-severely
clayey texture & sandy
solum texture
fair but excessive
external due to their Erosion potential/condition
eroded steep slopes
Very poor >25% - very steep to
mountainous;
Very severe erosion
Level to nearly level Extreme submerged
problem

Multivariate Thematic Map: Land

Capability Classification BASIC MAP ELEMENTS
LC Class SOIL CHARAC/CONDITION LIMITATION FLOOD HAZARD/DRAINAGE SLOPE/EROS. POTENTIAL/CONDITION
A No slight soil limitations; loamy profile no to slight flooding; well drained

ABe Slight soil limitation; deep soil profile w/

loamy/clayey
Well to moderately drained; slight
flooding hazard
Nearly level to gently sloping; slight to
moderately susceptible to erosion
Primary Content - map body or main theme of the
BW slight soil condition limitation;
Adjacent to streams/rivers; low-medium;
Slight to moderate flooding
hazard
Level to nearly level; slight erosion map
fertility susceptible to seasonal overflow
BS Moderate soil condition limitation; shallow No to slight flooding hazard Nearly level to gently sloping slightly, slight
profile, low fertility; doughtiness and slight erosion

CCe
salinity
Moderate soil condition limitation No to slight flooding hazard Moderately slope to severely eroded
Secondary Content -base map information, such
Cs Moderate serious soil condition limitation No to slight flooding hazard Gently sloping to moderately sloping; slightly
eroded
as roads, contours, drainage
DDe Clayey; low in soil nutrient No flooding Roughly sloping; severely eroded

DW Very poor permeability Severe flooding Level to nearly level

DS Serious soil condition limitation No to slight flooding hazard Gently to moderately sloping; slightly eroded Supportive Content - this includes the:
LLw Very wet Severe to very severe Level to nearly level, no - slightly eroded

CW Moderate soil limitations; fine soil; Moderately flooding hazard level to nearly level, no - slightly eroded
title, legend/key list, Scale, north arrow, grid
permeability
LS Too stony No flooding level to nearly level, no - slightly eroded
system/graticules, author, date, reference, projection,
N Soil too shallow for cultivation No flooding Very steep; severely eroded etc.
X Wet most of the time Very severe flooding hazard Level; no slightly eroded

Y Rugged/mountainous No flooding Very hilly; very severely eroded

 BASIC MAP ELEMENTS
Primary Content
Actual subject of the map

Map Body one or more image

Locator map - where

Inset map detailed information
Index map - series of maps
 SOURCE: http://www.namria.gov.ph/products.aspx

Map Scale

Index Maps of
Landsat & SPOT
Scenes
 Map Scale
Types:
Word/written
Representative
Fraction/Ratio/
Proportional
Graphic

GRIDS &
GRATICULES Student Activity
Grid: a network of evenly spaced In a map of scale 1:25,000, there are 2
horizontal and vertical lines used to
identify locations on a map (e.g.
features that are 100 millimeters apart and
UTM grids) the same features are 50 millimeters apart
on a map of unknown scale. What is the
Graticules: lines showing parallels scale of the unknown map?
of latitude and meridians of
longitude for the earth.
used to show location in geographic
coordinates
Student Activity

100 millimeters on the

map = 2,500,000
millimeters on the
ground