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Module 2 Noise-1

This document provides an overview of noise in 3 paragraphs. It defines key noise concepts like gain, attenuation, and decibels. It explains that noise can be correlated, produced by the signal itself, or uncorrelated from external sources. Formulas are given for noise power, voltage, and current in terms of temperature, bandwidth, resistance, and other factors. Correlated noise includes harmonic and intermodulation distortion, while uncorrelated noise comes from industrial, atmospheric, and extraterrestrial sources.

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CydelMarie Perez
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48 views3 pages

Module 2 Noise-1

This document provides an overview of noise in 3 paragraphs. It defines key noise concepts like gain, attenuation, and decibels. It explains that noise can be correlated, produced by the signal itself, or uncorrelated from external sources. Formulas are given for noise power, voltage, and current in terms of temperature, bandwidth, resistance, and other factors. Correlated noise includes harmonic and intermodulation distortion, while uncorrelated noise comes from industrial, atmospheric, and extraterrestrial sources.

Uploaded by

CydelMarie Perez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STUDY GUIDE

MODULE 2 – Noise

Gain
Power gain (A) = Pout / Pin
• In a cascaded amplifier, the overall gain is the product of the individual circuit gains.

Attenuation
A = output/input
• With cascaded circuits, the total attenuation is the product of the individual attenuations.
Decibels
• The decibel (dB) is a unit of measure used to express the gain or loss of a circuit.
• The total gain or attenuation, in dB, is the sum of the individual gain or attenuation,
expressed in dB

• Voltage Gain or Attenuation


dB = 20 log (Vout/ Vin)
• Current Gain or Attenuation
dB = 20 log (Iout/ Iin)
• Power Gain or Attenuation
dB = 10 log (Pout/ Pin)

dBm and dBc


• When a decibel value is computed by comparing a power value to 1 mW, the result is a
value called the dBm.
• The value dBc is a decibel gain or attenuation figure where the reference is the carrier.
• dBm = 10 log [Pout(W)/ 0.001(W)]
• dBc = 10 log (Psignal/ Pcarrier)
General Classification of Noise
Correlated Noise
➢ Noise that are present in the signal itself.
➢ No SIGNAL, No NOISE
Uncorrelated Noise
➢ Noise that are present regardless of whether there is a signal present or not
➢ Either external or internal

Correlated Noise
• Correlated noise is produced by nonlinear amplification
• This includes:
• Harmonic Distortion
• Intermodulation Distortion

Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)

Intermodulation Distortion
• Intermodulation distortion is the generation of unwanted sum and difference
frequencies in a nonlinear device.

Uncorrelated Noise
External Noise
• External noise comes from sources over which we have little or no control, such
as:
• Industrial Sources
• Atmospheric Sources
• Extraterrestrial Noise
Noise Power
Pn = kTB
Where: Pn = rms noise power (W)
k = Boltzman’s constant (1.38 x 10-23 J/K)
T = temperature, K (C + 273)
B = bandwidth, Hz

Noise Voltage
Vn = √(4kTBR)
Where: Vn = rms noise voltage
k = Boltzman’s constant (1.38 x 10-23 J/K)
T = temperature, K (C + 273)
B = bandwidth, Hz
R = resistance, ohms

Noise Current
In = √(2qIB)
Where:
In = rms noise current
q = charge on an electron, 1.6 x 10-19 C
I = direct current, A
B = bandwidth, Hz

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