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RIZAL MODULE 6-Midterm

The document summarizes key events in the development of Filipino nationalism and the propaganda movement in the late 19th century, including the founding of La Liga Filipina and Katipunan secret societies. It discusses how Spanish colonial rule helped foster a common Filipino identity across ethnic groups and islands. The propaganda movement peacefully advocated for reforms, led by Rizal, but failed due to lack of funds and exile of leaders. In response, Bonifacio founded the Katipunan to prepare for armed revolution towards independence. The document also notes that when contacted by the Katipunan, Rizal refused to support their plans, arguing Filipinos needed more education first.

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Lord Ivan Pancho
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167 views4 pages

RIZAL MODULE 6-Midterm

The document summarizes key events in the development of Filipino nationalism and the propaganda movement in the late 19th century, including the founding of La Liga Filipina and Katipunan secret societies. It discusses how Spanish colonial rule helped foster a common Filipino identity across ethnic groups and islands. The propaganda movement peacefully advocated for reforms, led by Rizal, but failed due to lack of funds and exile of leaders. In response, Bonifacio founded the Katipunan to prepare for armed revolution towards independence. The document also notes that when contacted by the Katipunan, Rizal refused to support their plans, arguing Filipinos needed more education first.

Uploaded by

Lord Ivan Pancho
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RIZAL’S LIFE:

HIS INTELLECTUAL, ETHICAL, MORAL, AND SOCIAL GROWTH

LORD IVAN A. PANCHO


09266462905 | FB: Vanito Swabe
Email: [email protected]

1
MODULE 6
THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT AND LA LIGA FILIPINA
Most Essential Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this module, the learners are expected to:
 Narrate how the Propaganda movement and the Katipunan were developed;
 Summarize the events that caused the intense spirit of Nationalism among Filipinos; and
 Explain the teachings of La Liga Filipina and the Katipunan.

Rizal’s Nationalism: First in Asia


A strong nationalist movement—one of the earliest and most advanced in Asia—emerged in the
nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and brought dramatic change to Southeast Asia. Though still only
loosely united under the Spanish control, early Filipino society was quickly developing a new social
identity. This growing commonality was sparked by Spain's introduction of a common religion and
language. While regional, ethnic, and familial identities continued to play critical roles, three great wars
against three powerful colonial adversaries further redefined the Filipino community to include any
individual born in the Philippines. Social and ideological differences took a back seat to the more
pressing issue of foreign occupation. During the Philippine Revolution, the Philippine-American War
and the Japanese occupation of World War II, nationalism thrived in the face of colonial control—a
common threat to the Philippines was critical for the overall mobilization of a Filipino nation. Between
the early emergence of Filipino nationalism in the 1850s and final independence in 1946, Filipinos
gradual expanded and embraced a unified, popular identity that superseded previous regional and
ethnic associations. A widespread discontent with Spanish economic and social oppression created a
suitable environment for the re-imagining of Filipino society. As colonial control moved from Spain to
the United States, and then for a time to Japan, the consolidation of Filipino factions into a single
nation accelerated.
One would expect the Philippines—with its ethnic, religious, and linguistic diversity spread over
thousands of islands—to defy any cohesive, national tendency. Yet the country, along with many of its
neighbors throughout Southeast Asia, experienced a profound transformation of identity. The term
Filipino as it is used today did not exist until the late 1800s, and originally referred to Philippine-born
Spaniards (creoles). The new identity of the Filipino arose during the Propaganda Movement of the
1870s, when the writer Apolinario Mabini redefined the term with a nationalistic connotation in his
essays. The ilustrados embraced unity in their public rhetoric, yet still promoted their regional origins.
Despite this, a significant shift had occurred by 1896, and the Philippines developed a broader
understanding of nationhood and national identity. Foreign colonial control enabled the shift from a
local to national consciousness. The Spanish occupation had created a large, cohesive territory
encompassing the individual islands, and Spanish colonial control united the many disparate peoples
as a common Filipino society. Over time, the shared experience of colonization strengthened this bond
and united Filipinos in popular discontent. From these many islands and tribes emerged a new
collective Filipino identity, and under the ilustrados the concept grew to encompass a wide range of
peoples. The Philippines' first strong nationalist movements were based on anti-colonialism. The
artificial borders imposed by foreign rulers crafted the Philippine nation as it exists today.

The Propaganda Movement


After the Cavite Mutiny of 1872, the conditions of the country worsened. Spanish oppression
and abuses continued. The patriotic intellectuals, who dared to voice the sentiments of the people were
persecuted. The propaganda movement was founded on the principle of peaceful campaign for
reforms. This was primed by patriotic Filipino students abroad. Inspired by a common cause, they
banded together and consecrated themselves to the sublime ideal of working for the welfare and

2
happiness of their motherland. Aggressively but peacefully, by means of “pen and tongue”, they
crusaded for reforms to correct the evils of Spanish colonial system.

The propaganda movement’s aims are as follows:


1. Equality of Filipino and Spanish before the law.
2. Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of Spain.
3. Restoration of Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes.
4. Filipinization of Philippine Parishes.
5. Individual liberties for Filipinos, such as freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and
freedom to meet and petition for redress of grievances.

Led by our hero Dr. Jose Rizal, towering above the composition of this movement were young
education Filipinos who represented Filipino intelligence. Rizal together with Marcelo H. del Pilar -
lawyer and journalist, and Graciano Lopez-Jaena - an orator and satirist, proved that young Filipinos
can do things above and beyond academics. In fact, Rizal reflected this on his El Fili novel in the
persona of Basilio and Isagani who fought for quality education.
Despite the courage and sacrifices of the La Liga Filipina propaganda movement, it ended in
failure due to: lack of funds which caused the La Solidaridad to stop its publication, poverty and
sickness of its key leaders, and the exile of Rizal in Dapitan. The end was tragic, however, it had two
achievements: (1) it succeeded in exposing the oppression of the Filipinos, and (2) it paved the way for
the Philippine Revolution.

The Founding of the KKK


On the night of July 7, 1892, Andres Bonifacio and his friends met secretly in a house occupied
by Deodato Arellano (brother-in-law of M.H. del Pilar) or Azcarraga Street (now Claro M. Recto
Avenue), Tondo, Manila. Among Bonifacio’s friends present in the secret meeting were Deodato
Arellano, Valentin Diaz, Jose Dizon, Ladislao Diwa and Teodoro Plada. After discussing the shocking
news of Rizal’s exile to Dapitan and the weakness of the La Liga Filipina, Bonifacio and his friends
founded a secret revolutionary society for Filipinos. Its fill name was Kataastaasan Kagalang-galangan
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Highest and Most Respectable Society of the Sons of the People).
It was called the Katipunan for short.
Bonifacio conceived the idea of founding a revolutionary society while reading the book on
French Revolution. Just like the La Liga, the KKK had two aims:
1. To unite all Filipinos into one solid nation.
2. To obtain Philippine independence.

Yet, unlike the La Liga Filipina, the Katipunan emerged to prepare the country for an armed
revolution to win a nation’s freedom.

Rizal and the Katipunan


In June 1896, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, acting as Bonifacio’s emissary sailed for Dapitan to solicit
Rizal’s support for the coming revolution. To cover his real mission from Spanish authorities, he
brought with him a blind man who was in need of Rizal’s professional services. Immediately upon his
arrival in Dapitan, he lost no time in conferring with the exiled hero.
According to the momoirs of Valenzuela, Rizal refused to agree to the Katipunan’s plan of
starting a rebellion because the people were not ready for it. Filipinos should be EDUCATED first
before leading the country. With much hesitations, he advised the Katipunan to seek the help of
Antonio Luna to obtain financial aid from the elites.
After the KKK failed to convince him, Rizal continued with his usual routine by improving and
expanding his school and hospital.

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THE LIFE AND WORKS OF JOSE RIZAL
Rizal’s Life: His Intellectual, Ethical, Moral, and Social Growth

References and Resources:

Daquila S., The Seeds of Revolution. Brainbow Essentials, 2009

Zaide S., The History of Filipino People. Rex Bookstore, 2001

Articulo & Florendo. Values and Work Ethics. Trinitas Publishing, Inc., 200

Cruz, Corazon L. Contemporary Ethics, National Book Store, 1993.

Fromm, Erick. Escape from Freedom, 1941

Holy Bible. The Gideons International.

Horney, Karen. Neurosis & Human Growth. 1950

Reviewed and Approved by:

MARILYN T. ALCALA, LPT, Ph. D.


Dean

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