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Distillation Curve

Here are the steps to solve this home work problem: 1. Draw the true boiling point (TBP) curve by plotting volume distilled (%) on the x-axis and temperature (F) on the y-axis, connecting the points provided in the table. 2. To evaluate the crude, calculate properties like API gravity, sulfur content, etc if provided data. 3. To find Kw given API=43, use the equation: Kw = 141.5/API - 131.5 = 141.5/43 - 131.5 = 1.8 4. Draw the equilibrium flash vaporization (EFV) curve by using the slope and ΔT relationships between EFV and TBP

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Ammar .k
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349 views9 pages

Distillation Curve

Here are the steps to solve this home work problem: 1. Draw the true boiling point (TBP) curve by plotting volume distilled (%) on the x-axis and temperature (F) on the y-axis, connecting the points provided in the table. 2. To evaluate the crude, calculate properties like API gravity, sulfur content, etc if provided data. 3. To find Kw given API=43, use the equation: Kw = 141.5/API - 131.5 = 141.5/43 - 131.5 = 1.8 4. Draw the equilibrium flash vaporization (EFV) curve by using the slope and ΔT relationships between EFV and TBP

Uploaded by

Ammar .k
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Types of Distillation Curve

1- True Boiling point(TBP) Distillation


2- ASTM Distillation
3- Semi-fractionating Distillation
4- Equilibrium Flash Vaporization(EFV)

1) TBP: This type of distillation is commonly used due to the accuracy of the results obtained
by this method which is very close to that obtained via real distillation or industrial
distillation. In this distillation, there is a fractionation column located between the condenser
and the flask. In general, this type of distillation is carried out by two steps: firstly, under
atmospheric pressure until 300°C (1% distilled very 2 min), secondly under vacuum pressure
(to prevent cracking process and to reduce the boiling point) at 40mmHg (1% distilled every
3-5 min). In this process, the vapor press. temp. is plotted vs. distilled(%) to get TBP curve.

2) ASTM: In this type of distillation there is on fractionation column located between the
condenser and the flask. On the other hand, the raised vapor will not be fractionated in this
process. This distillation is used with fractions having short range of the boiling point.

3) Semi-fractionating distillation: In this type of distillation, their will be some


fractionating process on the raised vapor via package located between the condenser and the
flask.

4) Equilibrium Flash Vaporization (EFV): Is a single stage separation technique. A liquid


mixture feed is pumped through a heater to raise the temperature and enthalpy of the mixture.
It then flows through a valve and the pressure is reduced, causing the liquid to partially
vaporize. Because the vapor and liquid are in such close contact up until the "flash" occurs,
the product liquid and vapor phases approach equilibrium.
Fig. 5. TBP cut point versus ASTM end point
Fig. 6. Crude distillation curve

Fig. 7. TBP and gravity-mid-percent curves


Average Boiling Point
1- Volume Average Boiling Point (VABP)

T20%  T50%  T80%


VABP 
3
Ti% = Temp. at i vol. % distilled

For short cut Boiling Point (having short B.P)

VABP  T50%
2- Weight Average Boiling Point (WABP)

T10%  T20%  T30%  ..........T90%


WABP 
9
Ti% = Temp. at i weight. % distilled

3- Molal Average Boiling Point (MABP)

Tx1  Tx 2  Tx 3  ..........
MABP 
x1  x 2  x3 ................
Tix = Temp. at i mol. x distilled, x is the no. of mole

MABP  VABP  T

4) Slope of Distillation Curve

T70%  T10%
Slope 
60
If the slope  2  Short Cut (T50% )  VABP  WABP  MABP

Fig. 10 is used to convert Distillation Curve from any type to any type.

Figure 11 is used to find T50% for EFV ( y axix  T50%( ASTM or TBP)  T50%( EFV ) )
Fig. 8. Molal average boiling point of petroleum fractions

Fig.9. Mean average boiling point of petroleum fractions


Also, Differential (Δ) can be estimated from the following eq.

Fig. 10. Relationships between the slopes of various distillation curves


Fig. 11. Relationships between distillation temperatures at 50% vaporized and the flash
(E.F.V.) Temp. at 50%

Ex) Find T100% and T0% for EFV if T 50%(TBP) = 570 and Slope = 9.4.

Sol.: From Fig.10, the slope of EFV curve = 6.6 (at 9.4 TBP)

From Fig. 11, ΔT = 65 (at T50%(TBP) = 570)

 T50%( EFV )  T50%( ASTM or TBP)  T  570  65  505


y T100%  505
slope    6.6  T100%  835
x 50  0
y 505  T0%
Slope    6.6  T0%  175
x 100  50
Fig. 12. Sulfur content of products from Middle East crude oils
Home work

For a given crude oil; 1- Draw a TBP curve, 2- Evaluate the crude, 3- Find the value of Kw if
API=43, 4- Draw a EFV on the same Figure, 5- Find the vol. dis. At 1100F if CCR= 1.8%
then draw it, and 6- Find the vol. of the distilled at 1000F.

Vol. Distilled 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Temp. (F) 160 270 335 400 480 560 610 680 820 1100
Sp.gr 0 0.72 0.75 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.835 0.85 0.87

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