CEM1008F - 4. Molecules, Moles and Chemical Equations Stochiometry 2022 Presentation Part 2 Notes
CEM1008F - 4. Molecules, Moles and Chemical Equations Stochiometry 2022 Presentation Part 2 Notes
CEM1008F - 4. Molecules, Moles and Chemical Equations Stochiometry 2022 Presentation Part 2 Notes
2
Writing and Balancing Chemical
Equations
5
Using Chemical Equations in
Calculations
• N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) → 2 NH3 (g)
7
Summary of the Mass-Mole-Number
Relationships in a Chemical Reaction
8
Calculating Amounts of Reactant and Product in
Reactions Involving a Limiting Reactant
PROBLEM: A fuel mixture used in the early days of rocketry is composed of
two liquids, hydrazine (N2H4) and dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4),
which ignite on contact to form nitrogen gas and water vapour.
How many grams of nitrogen gas form when 1.00x102 g of N2H4
and 2.00x102 g of N2O4 are mixed?
9
An Ice Cream Sundae Analogy for Limiting Reactions
Figure 3.10
10
Calculating Amounts of Reactant and Product in
Reactions Involving a Limiting Reactant
continued
11
Calculating Percent Yield
12
Solution Stoichiometry
13
Calculating the Molarity of a Solution
14
Calculating Mass of Solute in a Given
Volume of Solution
PROBLEM: How many grams of solute are in 1.75 L of 0.460 M sodium
hydrogen phosphate?
15
Converting a Concentrated Solution to a Dilute Solution
16
Preparing a Dilute Solution from a
Concentrated Solution
PROBLEM: “Isotonic saline” is a 0.15 M aqueous solution of NaCl that
simulates the total concentration of ions found in many cellular
fluids. Its uses range from a cleaning rinse for contact lenses to
a washing medium for red blood cells. How would you prepare
0.80 L of isotonic saline from a 6.0 M stock solution?
17
18
Calculating Amounts of Reactants and
Products for a Reaction in Solution
19
Calculating Amounts of Reactants and
Products for a Reaction in Solution
continued
20
Solving Limiting-Reactant Problems
for Reactions in Solution
PROBLEM: Mercury and its compounds have many uses, from filling teeth
(as an alloy with silver, copper, and tin) to the industrial
production of chlorine. Because of their toxicity, however,
soluble mercury compounds, such mercury(II) nitrate, must be
removed from industrial wastewater. One removal method
reacts the wastewater with sodium sulfide solution to produce
solid mercury(II) sulfide and sodium nitrate solution. In a
laboratory simulation, 0.050 L of 0.010 M mercury(II) nitrate
reacts with 0.020 L of 0.10 M sodium sulfide. How many grams
of mercury(II) sulfide form?
21
Solving Limiting-Reactant Problems
for Reactions in Solution
continued
22
Laboratory Preparation of Molar Solutions
23
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