Foundation Exercise Set

For the Beginners of

G.C.E. A/L (New Syllabus)

Prepared by

Mahinda Rajapakse
B.Sc. Engineering (University of Moratuwa)
P.G. Diploma in Industrial Mathematics
(University of Sri Jayewardenapura)
[email protected]
0772077777

1
 Unit -01
Basic trigonometry

 Standard results
 Radian measurement
 Quadrants
 Obtuse and Reflex angles
 Proving simple identities
 Curve sketching for simple trigonometric functions

Logarithms

 Conversion of Exponentials into Logarithms

 Rules of Logarithms
 Solving equations in the form a x  b
 Rules for changing base
 Solving equations containing Logarithm functions

Exponential functions

 Curve sketching for exponential functions

 Solving equations containing exponential functions.

Non linear simultaneous equations

 Solving by the method of elimination
 Solving by method of substitution

2
Factor Theorem and Remainder Theorem.

 Polynomials
 Algebraic division
 Factor theorem
 Remainder theorem

Partial fractions with simple denominators.

 Technique of equating coefficients

 Finding partial fractions using the technique of equating
coefficients.


Matrix Algebra.

 Mathematical operations
 Adjoint of a matrix
 Inverting a 2 x 2 matrix
 Solving two simultaneous equations

3
Learning out comes

After completing this exercise set you should be able to

 prove the standard results for basic trigonometric ratios for

the angles 0  ,30 ,45 ,60  ,90 .
 define the radian measurement and convert the angles in
degree into radians.
 define the trigonometric ratios for obtuse and reflex angles.
 find the values of trigonometric ratios with the signs, when
the angle is obtuse or reflex.
 to prove simple trigonometric identities.
 to sketch the curves for simple trigonometric functions and
identify the zeros of simple trigonometric equations.
 apply the rules of logarithms to solve simple equations.
 apply rules of changing base of logarithms to solve simple
equations.
 Sketch the graph of a given exponential function.
 Solve an equation containing exponential function
 solve a linear equation with a non linear equation
simultaneously.
 divide a polynomial by a linear factor using algebraic
division.
4
 use factor theorem to factor a polynomial.
 use the remainder theorem instead of algebraic division.
 split a given fraction with simple denominators into partial
fraction.
 use mathematical operations on two given matrices.
 invert a 2X2 matrix.
 use inverse matrix method to solve two simultaneous
equations.

Education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom.

5
 Exercises in Basic Trigonometry
Justify the following results when A  45 .

01. sin 2 A  2 sin A cos A

02. cos 2 A  2 cos 2 A  1
03. cos 2 A  1  2 sin 2 A
04. cos 2 A  cos 2 A  sin 2 A
2 tan A
05. sin 2 A 
1  tan 2 A

If A  30  , then justify the following results.

06. sin 3 A  3 sin A  4 sin 3 A
07. cos 3 A  4 cos 3 A  3 cos A
2 tan A
08. tan 2 A 
1  tan 2 A

Prove the following identities.

09. sin 2 30   sin 2 45  sin 2 60   3

2

10. tan 2 30   tan 2 45  tan 2 60   4 1

3
11. sin 30 cos 60  cos 30 sin 60  1

The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.

6
 3 1
12. cos 45 cos 60   sin 45 sin 60   
2 2

13. cos ec 2 45 sec 2 30  sin 2 90  cos 60   1 1

3
14. sin 2 90 sin 2 60 cos 2 90 cos 2 60  0
9
15. sin 2 45 cos 2 30  tan 2 60  cot 2 45 
8

Use the CAST properties of trigonometric functions to

prove the following identities.

16. sin 160  sin 170  sin 20  sin 10

17. sin 100  sin 101  sin 102  sin 80  sin 79  sin 78
18. sin 175  cos 176  tan177   sin 5  cos 4  tan 3
19. sin 200  cos 230  tan 250  tan 70  cos 50  sin 20
20. sin 212  cos170  tan 200  tan 20  cos10  sin 32
21. sin 155  sin 160  cos 65  cos 70
22. sin 130  sin 140  sin 160  cos 40  cos 50  cos 70
23. cos132  cos142  cos 152  sin 62  sin 52  sin 42
24. tan100  tan110  tan130  cot 40  cot 20  cot 10
25. cot 210  cot 230  cot 240  tan 30  tan 40  tan 60

When you think positive, good things happen.

7
 Exercises in Logarithms
Re-write each of the following expressions in logarithms.
26. 103  1000 30. x
1
2
y

27. 2 4  16 31. x ab  c
1
28. 53  125 32. 625 4
5
3
33. 81 2
 729
29. x y
3

Re-write each of the following expressions in terms of

log x , log y and log z .

34.  
log x 2 yz 3

35. log xy z 

2

 xy 
36. log 
 z

 xy 
37. log 2 
 z 
 

 x2 y2 
38. log 1 

 z 3 

Push yourself, because no one else is going to do it for you.

8
  xz 12 
39. log 2 
 y 
 
 1 
40. log 3 
 xy z 

41. 
log xy 3 z 
Convert each the following expressions into a
single logarithm.
42. log10 4  log10 3  log 10 6

43. log 3 6  log 3 5  log 3 10

44. log 7 11  log 7 3  log 7 6  log 7 22

45. log 5 pq  log 5 qr  log 5 pr

46. log 3 x  2 log 3 xy  3 log 3 y

47. 2 log x  4 log y  2 log z

48. log 3 ab  log 3 bc  log 3 cd  log 3 da

 q 
49. log 4 p  log 4 q  log 4  
 pr 
50. log10 x  log10 x 2  log10 x 3  log10 x 4

51. log 3 x  2 log 3 y  3 log 3 z  2 log 3 x 2 yz

The expert in everything was once a beginner.

9
 Use the theorems of change of base to evaluate
each of the following

52. log 512 128

53. log 27 81

54. log 625 125

55. log 81 729

56. log 1211331

57. log 256 64

58. log 32 16 2

59. log 64 128 2

60. log 81 3 3

log 125 25  5

1
61. 3

Solve the following equations for x where x  .

62. log 10 x  log x 10  2

63. log 3 x  3  2 log x 3

64. 2 log 4 x  log x 4  3  0

65. log 5 x  2  15 log x 5

66. log 5 x  log 125 25  1

10
67. 6 log 3 x  log x 3  5  0

68. 2 log 5 x  log x 5  1  0

69. log 7 x  18 log x 7  9  0

70. 11log x 7  92 log 7 x  68  0

71. log x 4  10 log 4 x  7  0

72. 8 log x 3  3 log 3 x  10  0

73. 2 log x 11  5 log11 x  7  0

74. log x 7  11log 7 x  12  0

75. 14 log x 5  3 log 5 x  23  0

76. 30 log x 7  log 7 x  1  0

77. 3 log 4 x  10 log x 4  1  0

78. 42 log 7 x  2 log x 7  19  0

79. 5 log 5 x  7 log x 5  34  0

80. 12 log 8 x  5 log x 8  32  0

81. 48 log 3 x  log x 3  14  0

82. 30 log x2 3  log 3 x  2  11  0

83. 3 log x1 5  20 log 5 x  1  11  0

84. 4 log x1 6  log 6 x  1  2  0

85. 2 log 3 4  x   log 4x 3  5  0

11
 Curve sketching for exponential
functions.
Sketch the graphs for the following
exponential functions in the given
intervals .
86. y  2 x in  4  x  4

87. y  3 x in  4  x  3

88. y  4 x in  3  x  2

89. y  1x in  4  x  4

90. y  2  x in  4  x  4

91.  
y   2 x in  4  x  4

92. y  3  in  4  x  3
x

Solve the following equations for x where x 

(Write the exact answers without using log tables
or calculators).
93. 42x  3  4 x  2  0
94. 32 x  3 x  2  0
95. 22x  5  2 x  6
It’s not going to be easy, but it’s going to be worth it.

12
96. 4 3 x 1  16
97. 2 2 x1  5  2 x  1  0
98. 2 2 x  2 2x  21  0
99. 4 x1  5 x3
100. 2 x3  16 x2
1
 4 x 7
2
101. 2x
3x  94x
2
102.

Solve the following non-linear simultaneous

equations.
103. x2  y  5
x  y 1

104. x2  y  1
y  2 x  1

105. x2  2y  2
2 x  y  2

106. 2x  y 2  2
4x  y  1

The difference between a stumbling block and a stepping-stone is

how high you raise your foot.

13
107. x2  y2  1
x y 0

108. x 2  xy  2
2x  y  1

109. x 2  2 xy  15
x y 2

Algebraic division
Use algebraic division to find the quotient and
remainder of each of the following divisions.
110. x3  2 x 2  4 x  5 is divided by x  1

111. x 3  2 x 2  5x  6 is divided by x  2

112. x 3  2 x 2  x  3 is divided by x  3

113. 2 x 3  x 2  5x  1 is divided by ( x  1)

114. x 3  4 x 2  x  1 is divided by x  1

115. 3x 3  x 2  x  1 is divided by ( x  2)

116. x 3  x 2  x  7 is divided by ( x  3)

117. 4 x 3  x 2  5x  1 is divided by ( x  5)

118. x 3  3x 2  x  6 is divided by ( x  2)

Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out.

14
119. 3x 3  2 x 2  7 x  1 is divided by ( x  1)

120. x 3  x  1 is divided by ( x  1)

121. x 3  x 2  2 is divided by ( x  2)

122. x 4  1 is divided by ( x  2)

123. x 4  2 x is divided by ( x  1)

Factor theorem and remainder

theorem
Use the factor theorem to factorise each of the
following polynomials.

124. f x   x 3  4 x 2  x  6

125. f x   x 3  5x 2  4 x  20

126. f x   x 3  3x 2  4 x  12

127. f x   x 3  x 2  x  1

128. f x   x 3  3x 2  4 x  12

129. f x   x 3  6 x 2  11x  6

130. f x   x 3  10x  12

You don’t have to be great to start, but you have to start to be

great.

15
131. f x   2 x 3  x 2  2 x  1

132. f x   6 x 3  11x 2  6 x  1

133. f x   2 x 3  x 2  4 x  3

134. If x  3 is a factor of f x   x3  3x 2  5x  a , then

find the value of a.

135. If x  1 and x  2 are factors of f x   x 3  3x 2  ax  b

then find the constants a and b.

136. If x  1 and x  2 are the factors of

f x   ax3  bx  2 then find the constants a and b.

137. Use the remainder theorem to find the remainders

of each of the following divisions.

Divider f x  Divisor x  a 

i. f x   x 3  4 x 2  6 x  7 x  1
ii f  x   x 3  3x 2  5 x  8 x  1
iii f x   2 x 3  x 2  x  1 x  3
iv f x   x 3  2 x 2  x  1  x  2

16
 v f x   x 4  5 x 2  2 x  1
vi f x   x 5  x 2  2 x  1
vii f x   x 4  x 2  5 x  3
viii f x   x 4  1 x  1
ix f x   x 3  x  2  x  5
x f x   x 4  2 x  x  2

Use the extended version of the remainder theorem to

find the remainders of each of the following divisions.
138. f x   x 3  1 is divided by 2 x  1 .

139. f x   x 2  4 x  1 is divided by 3x  2 .

140. f x   x 3  4 x 2  1 is divided by 3x  1 .

141. f x   x 2  4 x  1 is divided by 5x  4 .

142. f x   x 3  x 2  x  1 is divided by 2 x  1 .

Infuse your life with action. Don't wait for it to happen. Make it
happen. Make your own future. Make your own hope. Make your
own love. And whatever your beliefs, honor your creator, not by
passively waiting for grace to come down from upon high, but by
doing what you can to make grace happen... yourself, right now,
right down here on Earth.

17
 Mixed exercises.
143. If f x   ax 3  x 2  3x  1 is divided by x  1 then
the remainder is 2. Find the value of the constant a.

144. If f x   x 3  x 2  ax  b is divided by x  1 and x  2 ,

then the remainders are 8 and -7 respectively. Evaluate the
constants a and b

145. The remainders when f x   ax 3  bx  c is divided by

x  1 , x  1 and  x  2 are 4, 0 and 4 respectively.
Find the values of the constants a, b and c.

Find the quotient and remainder of each of the following

divisions.
146. x 3  2 x 2  5x  3 is divided by x 2  x  1
147. 2 x 3  4 x 2  x  3 is divided by x 2  x  4
148. x 4  x 3  x 2  x  1 is divided by x 2  x  1
149. x 4  3x 3  x 2  2 is divided by x 3  2 x 2  3
150. x 4  x  1 is divided by x 2  x  3
151. 2 x 3  x 2  4 x  5 is divided by x 2  4

Always do your best. What you plant now, you will harvest later.
18
152. x 4  1 is divided by x 2  1
153. x 4  x 2  1 is divided by x 2  1

Find the constants A, B, C and D in each of the following

expressions for x  .
154. x 2  5x  7   Ax  B x  2  C

155. 2 x 2  5x  1   Ax  B x  1  C

156. 2 x 2  1   Ax  B x  1  C

157. 3x 2  x  1   Ax  Bx  3  C

158. x 2  8   Ax  B x  2  C

159. x 3  x 2  2 x  3   Ax  B x  2x  1  (Cx  D)

160. x 3  x 2  3x  1   Ax  B x  1x  2  (Cx  D)

161. x 3  x 2  2 x  1   Ax  B xx  2  Cx  D

19
 Partial fraction.
Express each of the following in partial fractions.
1 1
162. 172.
x  1x  2 x  1x  7 
1 1
163. 173.
x  2x  3 x  6x  5
1 1
164. 174.
x  1x  4 x  1x  2
1 1
165. 175.
x  3x  1 x  1x  3
1 2
166. 176.
x  4x  2 xx  1
1 1
167. 177.
x  1x  5 x  2x  3
1 3
168. 178.
x  3x  1 x  1x  2
1 2
169. 179.
x  5x  3 x  3x  4
3 1
170. 180.
x  2x  1 x x  4 
1 1
171. 181.
x  6x  1 x  1x  4

20
 1 1
182. 183.
xx  1x  3 xx  1x  4
1 1
184.
xx  1x  2
192.

x  4 x 2  x  6 
1 1
x  4x 
185. 193.
xx  5x  2 2
 6x  5
1 1
x  3x 
186. 194.
x  2x  1x  3 2
 6x  7
1 1
187.
x  4x  1x  3
195.

x  1 x  6 x  5
2

2 1
188.

x x 4 2
 196.

x  2 x  7 x  12
2

3 2
189.

x x 9 2
 197.

x  4 x 2  4 
1 3
190.
 
x  x x  3
2
198.

x  1 x 2  9 
1 100
191.

x x  x6
2
 199.

x  2 x 2  25 
1 1
200. 202.
x2 x  3x  2 x  12 x  1x  1
1 1
201. 203.
x2 x  3x  1 x  32 x  3x  1

21
 1
204.
2 x  32 x  1x  1
1
205.
3x  14 x  3x  1
1
206.
4 x  32 x  13x  1
1
207.
4 x  12 x  13x  1
1
208.
2 x  32 x  35x  1
1
209.
x2 x  13x  1
1
210.
x  1x  7x  2x  3
1
211.
x  1x  2x  4x  3
1
212.
x  3x  1x  2x  4
1
213.
xx  7 x  2x  3
4
214.

x  7x  2 x 2  9 
3
215.

x  4x  1 x 2  9 
22
 1
216.

x  4 x2  9
2
 
1
217.

x  1 x 2  25 
1
218.

xx  2 x  7 x  12
2

1
219.

x  3x  1 x 2  7 x  10 
1
220.

x  4x  2 x 2  8x  15 
1
221.

2 x  3x  2 x 2  4 x  3 
1
222.

2 x  33x  2 x 2  5x  4 
1
223.

2 x  5x  1 x 2  8x  7 
1
224.
x  1x  22
1
225.
x  3x  12
1
226.
x  1 x  4
2

1
227.
x  3x  12

23
 1
228.
x  4x  22
1
229.
x  1x  52
2
230.
x  3x  42
1
231.
x  5x  32
3
232.
x  22 x  1
1
233.
x x  1
2

1
234.
x x  7 
2

1
235.
x  6x 2
1
236.

x  1 x 2  1 
1
237.
 
x  4  x  2
2

1
238.
 
x  9 x  3
2

1
239.

x  5 x  7 x  10
2

24
 1
240.
x  6 x  5 x  1
2

1
x  4x 2  x  12
241.

1
242.
2 x  3x  22
1
243.
x2 x  3
2

1
244.
2 x  1x 2
1
245.
2 x  32 x  3
1
246.
2 x  32 x  12
1
247.
3x  14 x  32
1
248.
x x  1
3

1
249.
x x  3
3

1
250.
x  2 x  32
2

1
251.

x  1 x 2  2 
25
 1
 
252.
x  1 x 2  3
1
 
253.
x  1 x  2
2

1
254.
x  3 x 2  2  
1
255.
x  4 x 2  3  
2
256.

x  5 x  2
2

1
257.
x  3x 2  22
1
258.

x x 2 2

3

2
259.
x 2

 5 x3  2
3

2

x
260.
x  1x  2
x 1
261.
x  3x  1
2x  3
262.
x  1x  4

26
 2x 1
263.
x  3x  1
x2
264.
x  4x  2
5x
265.
x  1x  3
x 1
266.
xx  3

x2 1
267.
xx  1x  2

x2
268.

x  1 x 2  1
x2 1
269.

x x2 1 
x2 1
270.
x2 x  12 x  3
x 1
271.
3x  1x  4
x2
272.
x  1x  2
x2
273.
x  1x  3

27
 x2  2 x4
274. 285.
x  1x  3 1 x2

x2  3 x4 1
275. 286.
x  1x  3 x3 1

x2 1 x3  5
276. 287.
x  2x  3 1 x

x2 1 288.

x x2 1 
277.
x2 1
x  1
x
x3  2 289.
278. 1 x
xx  1x  2
2x  2
x3 290.
x  1x  3
279.
 
x 2  1 x  2
x7
x3 291.
280. x  5x  6
2

x  1x  2
x 2  2x  9
281.
x3  1
292.
 
x 2  3 x  3
x  2x  3
13  2 x 2
282.
x 7
3 293.
 
x 2  2 x  7 2 x  1
x x  2
5  10 x  3x 2
x  x 1 294.
x  12 x  2
4 2
283.
x x2 1 
x2
295.
284.
x3  5 x  1
x x  2

28
 x2 1 x2 1
296. 307.
x2 1 x2 1
x3 9  2x  2x 2
 
297. 308.
x2 1 1  x 2  x 
2 x 3  10 x 2  12 x  1 x3  x 2  2x  4
298. 309.
x  1x  22 x2  4

3x 2  12 x  8 4x  3
310.
299.

2 x  3 x 2  4  2 x  13x  1
3 x3  x2 1
300.
x 1
3
311.

x x2  x 1 
x4 1 2
301. 312.
x3 1 x 1
3

x 1 2x  5
313.
302.
x  3x  4 x  2x  3
2x  7
3x 2  x  6 314.
303.
 
x 2  4 x  2 5  x 2
 2x 2  4x  7 x3
315.
304.
 
x 2  5 2 x  3
x  1
x2  2
 5x 2  8x  9 316.
305. x x  1
x  12 x  2
4 x 2  3x  2
x2 317.
306. 2x 2  x  1
x  1

29
 4 x 2  5x  9 x 4  5x 2  7 x  1
318.
2 x  1x  22
329.

x  4 x 2  1 
319.
13 2x3  x 2  4
2 x  33x  2 330.

x x2  9 
x 2  2x  3 x 4  9x 2  x  6
320.
x 2 x  1
331.
x 3 x  4
x3  1 5x 3  6 x 2  8x  1
321. 332.
x3 1 x  32 3x  2
x4  2 4 x 3  x 2  8x  7
322.
x3 1 333.
x  32 5x  2
5x 2  7 x  6
5x 3  6 x 2  8x  1
323.
 
x 2  4  x  8 334.
x  32 3x  2
7x3  x  6
324. 2 x 3  6 x 2  8x  5
x  4x  2x  4 335.
x  22 x  32
7x3  x2 _1
325.

x2 x2  x 1  336.
5x 3
2 x  32 5x  2
x3  x2  x 1
326.

x2 x2 1  337.
2 x 3  8x  5
xx  3 x  4
2

2x3  x 2  4x  1
327.

5x 2 x 2  1  338.
x6
x4  x2 1
5 x 3  3x 2  x  4
x5  3
328.

x2 x2 1  339.

x  2 x 2  x  4 

30
 x5  2x  4 x 6  2x 2  4
340.

x  2 x 2  4  341.

x x  2  x 2  4 

Past paper problems in partial fraction.

1
342. …………………………………….…...(2019)
x  1x  2
1
343. …………………………………….……….(2018)
x x  1
3

1
344. ………………………………………….….(2017)
xx  1
2

2x 1
…………………………………….…..(2016)
345.

x  1 x 2  1 
1
……………………….………………….…..(2015)
346.
x 1
3

x 2  3x  4
……………...………………………..(2013)
 
347.
x 2  1 x  1
2

2x2  3
………………………………..……..(2012)
 
348.
x  22 x 2  1
1
349. Express in partial fraction. Hence or otherwise
x 1
2

1
obtain the partial fraction for . (2011 Old)
x 2
1 2

31
 2x
……………………….………………(2010)
 
350.
1  x 1  x 
22

1
351. .......……………………….………………(2008)
x 2
 a2 
2

x3  1
352. ……….…………………….………………(2007)
xx  1
3

1
………………...…………….………………(2006)
353.

x 1 3

x 2  10 x  13
…….…………….………………(2005)
354.

x  2 x 2  5 x  6 
1
355.

x x 3 2
 ……………….……….……………...……(2003)
5x  4
……………………………………(2002)
356.

1  x  x 2 2  x  
7x  x2
…………………….….………………(2001)
357.
2  x  x 2  1  
x 2  5x
358. …………………..…….………………(2000)
x  1x  12
2 x3  x  3
359. ……………………….….………………(2000)
xx  1
2

32
 Matrix Algebra

Find A  B and A  B in each of the following cases.

 2  1 1 1
360. A    B   
3 2   4 2
1 0    2 4
361. A    B   
 2  1  3 1
 2 3   1  3
362. A    B   
  5 4  5  3
 4 1 2  6 1 2
   
363. A  1 1 3 B   3 2 4
 4 5 6 5 0 1
   

3 2 1   2  2 1
   
364. A   4 3  1 B   4  2 1 
1  2 5   1 2  4
   

 a 3a 2a   3a  a a 
   
365. A   2b b  b  B    2b b  2b 
 c  c 2c   4c 0 
   c

The past cannot be changed. The future is yet in your power.

33
 1 a a 2  1  a  a2 
   
366. A  1 b b 2  B   2  b  b2 
1 c c 2  3  c  c2 
   

a b c  b c a
   
367. A  c  b  a B  a c b
b a c  c a b
  

1 0 0 1 1 1
   
368. A  0 1 0 B  1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 1
   
 2 2 3   2 2  3 
  
369. A   1 5 1  B   1  5  1 
 2  2
 4 2 5   4 2  5 
 3  3

 3 2 1
  1 3A
370. If A   4  1 5  then find 2A , A , and  5A .
 2 0 3 2 4
 

If A  3 4 2 then find 4A , - A and

5
371. A'
3
3 1 5 4  1 1
372. Let A    B    C   
 4 2  1  1  0 2
Find i) A  2B  C
ii) A  B  C
iii) 3A  B  2C

34
373. Find the values of a, b, c and d so that
5 a c 2  9 1 
   2     .
 b 0   1  1  3 d 

Find A  B and B  A in each of the following cases. Write the

dimensions of the resultant matrix in each case.
 2 1 3 4
374. A    B   
  1 3 1 2
 4 3 3 0
375. A    B   
 1 2 1 4
 1 1 4 1 
376. A    B   
 1 2  3  2
1 0  4 3
377. A    B   
0 1  2 2
3 2  2 4
378. A    B   
1 4  1 2
1 1  2 8
379. A 2 4 B   
1 1   4 4
 6 2
1  3 7 0
380. A    B   
 2  4 0 7

You can't cross the sea merely by standing and staring at the
water.
35
  1 2  2 3
381. A    B   
2 1  3 2
0 1 1 0 
382. A    B   
1 0  0  2
 4 2  1  3  2 4
   
383. A  0 1 2 B  1 0 1
2 1 4  2 4 7
   

1 0 2  4  2 1
   
384. A   3 4  5 B  0 4 5
1 2  1  3 2 4
   

 a 2a  a    a a 2a 
   
385. A    a 7a a  B   3a  a a 
 3a a 0   a 0 2a 
 
 1 x x2   x  x 2x 
   
386. A   x 1 x  B   x2 0 x
 x 2  1 2x  0  x x 3 
  

 sin x 0 cos x   1 2  1
   
387. A 0 cos x  sin x  B   0 2 4 
 sin x 0  1 1 6 
 0  

I will love the light for it shows me the way, yet I will endure the
darkness because it shows me the stars.

36
 Check whether A  B and B  A exist or do not exist in
each of the following cases 351 to 360 and find them when
they exist.
 2  1  1 
388. A    B   
0 2    2
 2 3 1 
389. A    B   
1  0  3
0 1 1 1
   
390. A  0 2 1 B 2 
1 0 2   1
   

3 1 2 
 1 2  
391. A    B   4 1  1
  3 0 0 2 2 
 
392. A  1 3 2 B  4  1 0

 5 
 
393. A  1 2  1 B    4
 3 
 
 1 4 2 2 
394. A    B   
 0 2  3  1
3  3 2 1
   
395. A   0  B   1 4 2
  1  0 1 4
   
From a small seed a mighty trunk may grow.

37
 4 1 0 
1  
396. A   2 B  2 4 3
1   
 4 0 1 2
 2 

1 0 0 1 0
   
397. A  0 1 0 B 0  1
0 0 1 2 2 
  
1 2 
398. If A    then find A 2 and A 3 .
 2  1 
 a 0
399. Let A    . If A 2  3A then evaluate the constant a.
 b 0 
1
 
400. Let A    1 and B  3  2  3 find ABA and BAB .
2
 
 2  1  4  1
401. If A    and B    then find A 2 B and
0 2  0 1 
B2A .
 a 2a   a a 
402. Let A    and B    . Find A 3 and
a  a  3a  2a 
AB 3 .

Happiness is not something you postpone for the future; it is

something you design for the present.

38
  a 1 a 
403. Find the inverse of A    given that
1  a 2  a 
det A   0 .

0 1 
404. Let ABC  I . Prove that B 1  CA . If A    and
 1  6
 2 1
C    then find B.
  3  1
 11 1
 5  4  
405. Let B    and AB    8 9  find A.
2 1   2 1 

 3a b 
406. Let A    where a and b are non zero constants.
 4a 2b 
Find A 1 .
 a b 
407. Let B    and the matrix C is given by .
 3a 2b 
Find C.
408. Let A and B are non singular and A and B are commutative.
Given that ABA  B , Prove that A 2  I .

The pain you feel today is the strength you will feel
tomorrow.
For every challenge encountered there is opportunity for
growth.

39
 Solve the following simultaneous equations by using
inverse matrix method.
409. 4 x  y  1
 2x  3 y  8
410. 7x  3y  6
 5x  2 y  5
411. x y 2
3x  2 y  7
412. 5x  2 y  3
3x  4 y  13
413. 3x  2 y  0
4 x  y  11
414. 3x  4 y  2
x  y  1
415. x  2y  3
y  4x  1
416. x  y2
y  x  3
417. x y 3
4x  y  7

If you’re going through hell, keep going.

40
418. x  3y  1
2

4x  y  1
4

419. 2x  y  1
4
4x  3 y  8
420. 3x  6 y  2
3x  2 y  7
421. 5x  y  7
8x  2 y  9
422. x y 2
3x  2 y  7
423. 4x  5 y  2
5x  7 y  10
424. 11x  3 y  6
4x  5 y  8
425. x  4y  2
11x  23 y  7
426. 2 x  5 y  23
4 x  23 y  5

Good, better, best. Never let it rest. 'Till your good is better and
your better is best.

41
 Unit -02

Factors.
 Use of factors of difference of two squares.
 Use of factors of sum and difference of two cubes
 Expansions.

Quadratic equations.

 Method of factorisation
 Method of completing square
 Use of quadratic formula.
 Discriminant and its applications.
 Root sum and root product.

Surds
 Rationalizing denominators.

Solving three simultaneous equations together

 Unique solutions.
 Trivial solutions.

Curves
 Sketching curves for parametric functions.

Inequalities
 Solving simple inequalities and displaying the result on
number line.
 Representing the answers in interval notation and set
notation.

42
The Binomial Expansion.

 The factorial and its applications.

 The binomial coefficient and its applications.
 Pascal’s triangle .
 The binomial expansion.
 Uses of the binomial expansion.
 Expansions of 1  x  and its applications.
n

Co-ordinate Geometry.

 The gradient formula.

 The length formula.
 Equation of a straight line.
 Properties of gradients.
 Equation of a circle.

Model Papers.

Miscellaneous exercises.

43
Learning out comes.

After completing this exercise set you should be able to

 use different methods to solve a given quadratic

equation.
 apply discriminant to find the nature of roots.
 simplify expressions related to sum and product of
roots.
 rationalize the denominator of a given expression in
surd from.
 solve three simultaneous equations with three unknown
terms together.
 sketch the graphs for parametric functions.
 find the Cartesian equation throughout the parametric
equations.
 solve simple inequalities and represent the solutions in
interval notation and set notation.
 solve couple of simple inequalities together.
 use Pascal’s triangle to expand binomials.
 use binomial coefficient to expand binomials.
 use binomial expansion for numerical approximations.
 solve simple problems related to straight line and circle.

44
 Factors.
Factorise each of the following expressions

Set 1
427. a 2b 2  1
428. 1  49c 2
429. p 2 q 2  16

430. 4 x 2 y 2  a 2b 2

431. 9a 2  16b 2c 2
432. 64a 2b 2  144 p 2 q 2

433. 81x 2 y 2  36a 2b 2

434. 32 x 2  98a 2b 2
435. 12 x 2 y 2  75 p 2

436. 45d 2  80e 2 f 2

437. 4 x 2 y 2  16a 2b 2

438. 54l 2 m2  150

x2
439. 1
y2

a2 x2
440. 
b2 y 2

The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.

45
 p2 9x2
441.  2
4q 2 y
2
a  x 
2

442.     
 bc   yz 
2 2
 a2   p2 
443.  2    2 
b   q 
2 2
 l 2   4 p2 
444.     2 
2 
 25m   q 

445. a  b2  c 2
446.  p  q 2  r 2
9a  b  25c 2
2
447.
2
a c 
    36 p q
2 2
448.
b d 
2 2
a c  a
449.     
b d  b
2
 l m
450.    4
m l 

Never give up. Today is hard, tomorrow will be worse, but the
day after tomorrow will be sunshine.

46
 Set 2
451. a3 p3  q3

452. 64 p 3  8q 3

453. 1  27q 3

454. 729 p 3  8q 3

455. 64 x 3  27 y 3

456. 125  216q 3

a3
457.  b3
27
a3
458.  b3
c3
g 3h3
459.  8b 3
125
l6
460.  8b 3
512
b3
461. 64 p 6 
c6
462. a 6  b6
463. a 6b3  x 6 y 3
1
464. x6 
y6

Death is not the greatest loss in life. The greatest loss is what
dies inside us while we live.
47
 Set 3
465. x3 y 3  1

466. x3 y3  z 3
1
467. l 3m3 
n3
64 x 3
468. 3
 27 y 3
125 z
8x3 y3
469. 
125 z 3 27
3
 p   3r 
3

470.     
 q   5s 
471. p6  q6

l6
472.  m6
64
l 6 m6
473. 8
n6
125d 6
474. 3
 m6 n6
s
l 6 216
475. 
64 m 6
3
 p 4   2r 
3

476.  3    
q   s 

All you need is the plan, the road map, and the courage to
press on to your destination.
48
Simplification of algebraic fractions
Simplify each of the following and write the answer
as a simplified fraction.
1 1

477. a b
1 1

a b
a b

478. b a
a b

b a
a2 b2

479. b a
a b

b a
a3 b3

480. b a
a2 b2

b a
p q

q p
481.
p2  q2
pq( p  q)
482.
p q

q p
Change your life today. Don't gamble on the future, act now,
without delay.
49
 b
1  sin 
483. a
a  b sin 
2a 2  2ab
484.
1 1

a b
1 1

485. x 1 x  2
1 1

x  2 x 1
1 1

486. x x2
1 1

x x 1
1
487. x 4
2

1 1

x2 x2
1 1

488. x  3x  2 x  1
2

1 1

x  3x  2 x  2
2

1 1
 2
489. x 4 x 4
2

1
1
x 4
2

There are two ways of spreading light: to be the candle or the

mirror that reflects it.
50
 1 1
2
 3
490. x x
1 1

x x2
x 1

491. 1 x 2
x
1 x x

x 1 x
a3  a 2  b3  b2
492.
1 1

a b
a4  a2  b4  b2
493.
a b

b a

Exercises in Quadratic Equations

Solve the following quadratic equations by
using the method of factorising.
494. x 2  5x  6  0
495. x2  x  6  0
496. 2x 2  x  1  0
497. 5x 2  9 x  2  0
498. x 2  x  12  0

Change your thoughts and you change your world.

51
499.  
x2  2  3 x  2 3  0

500. x 2  a  bx  ab  0 , where a and b are real numbers.

501. x2   
3 2 x 6 0

502. x2  7  0
503. x 2  6x  9  0
504. 9x 2  6x  1  0
505. 11x 2  68x  92  0
506. 12 x 2  199 x  112  0
507. 3x 2  130 x  1312  0
508. 24 x 2  209 x  432  0
509. 12 x 2  319 x  1344  0
510. 125x 2  480 x  2048  0

Solve the following quadratic equations,

a) by completing square.
b) by using the quadratic formula
511. x 2  2 x  14  0
512. x 2  4x  9  0
513. 2x 2  4x  3  0
514. 2x 2  4x  1  0
It is during our darkest moments that we must focus to see the
light.

52
515. x 2  7x  3  0
516. x 2  6x  1  0
517. x 2  4x  1  0
518. 2x 2  4x  3  0
519. x 2  2x  8  0
520. x 2  4 x  14  0
521. x 2  2 x  13  0
522. x2  x  3  0
Write the discriminant of each of the
following quadratic equations. Hence find the
nature of their roots.
523. x 2  7x 1  0
524. x 2  5x  3  0
525. 2x 2  x  7  0
526. x2  8  0
527. x 2  2 x  11  0
528. 4x 2  4x  1  0
529. x 2  2x  1  0
530. x2  4  0
531. x  12  3x  1  0
532. x  12  3x  12  1

53
 Write the discriminant of each of the following
quadratic equations.
533. x 2  px  q  0

534. px 2  qx  r  0

535. x2  x  p  0

536. x 2  a  bx  ab  0

537. abx 2  bx  c  0
538. p 2 x 2  px  1  0

539. ab  c x 2  bc  a x  ca  b  0

540. a  bx 2  a  bx  a  b  0

Also find the root sum and root product of

each of the equations in the above exercise set.

If  and  are the roots of the equation

x 2  px  q  0 then re-write the following

expressions in terms of p and q. Write your answers
in their simplest form.
541.  2    2
542. 2 2
 
543. 
 
54
 1 1
544. 
 
545. 3  3

2 2
546. 
 
547.  

If  and  are the roots of the equation

ax 2  bx  c  0 then re-write the following

expressions in terms of p and q. Write your answers
in their simplest form.
1 1
548.   
 
1 1
549. 2  2 
 2
2
1 1
550. 3  3 
 3
3
1 1
551.  2    2 
  2
 2
1 1
552.  3 2    3 2 
  3 2
 2
3

Coming together is a beginning; keeping together is progress;

working together is success.
55
 Surds.
Rationalize the denominator of each of the following
fractions

3 1 3 2
553. 560.
2 2 3 2
1 7
554. 561.
3 1 5 2
1 3
555. 562.
2 3 7 2
2 3 5
556. 563.
2 3 6 2

3 1 7 1
557. 564.
3 1 5 2

5 3 3 2 2
558. 565.
2 3 2 1

1 7 53 2
559. 566.
7 2 2 1

Learn to enjoy every minute of your life. Be happy now. Don't

wait for something outside of yourself to make you happy in the
future. Think how really precious is the time you have to spend,
whether it's at work or with your family. Every minute should
be enjoyed and savored.

56
 Solving three linear equations
simultaneously.
Solve the following simultaneous equations.
567. x  4 y  3z  8
x  3y  z  5
x  2 y  4 z  1

 x  1
 
Answer  y  1
 z  1
 
568. x  3 y  2z  6
x  y  z  2
x  2 y  3z  7

 x  1
 
Answer  y  1 
z  2 
 
569. 2x  y  z  4
x  y  2z  5
x  2 y  4z  4

x  2 
 
Answer  y  1
z  1 
 

57
570. 3x  y  z  10
2x  y  4z  2
x  y  3z  6

x  3 
 
Answer  y  0 
 z  1
 
571. x  2 y  z  2
3x  5 y  4 z  12
x  7 y  3z  9

 x  1
 
Answer  y  1
 z  1 
 
572. 2 x  4 y  3z  2
x  5 y  4z  1
5x  2 y  6 z  5

x  1 
 
Answer  y  0
z  0 
 
573. 5 x  2 y  3z  0
x  3y  z  0
3x  7 y  4 z  0

The two most powerful warriors are patience and time.

58
 x  0 
 
Answer  y  0
z  0 
 
574. 1271x  35 y  477 z  0
53x  29 y  178z  0
61x  717 y  473z  0

x  0 
 
Answer  y  0
z  0 
 
575. 2x  5 y  4z  8
 3x  2 y  2 z  8
5x  7 y  8z  11

 
x  3 
 
Answer  y  0 
 1
z  
 2
576. 3x  y  3z  5
7 x  3 y  z  11
2 x  y  5z  5

Once you replace negative thoughts with positive ones, you'll

start having positive results.
59
 x  2 
 
Answer  y  1
z  0 
 
577. 5x  4 y  7 z  16
8x  5 y  3z  27
7 x  3 y  5z  25

x  4 
 
Answer  y  1
z  0 
 

578. 3x  4 y  3z  8
x  3y  7z  5
5x  2 y  8z  2

579. 7 x  9 y  2z  6
x  y  9 z  2
11x  2 y  3z  6

580.  4x  7 y  2z  8
x  y  z  2
3x  2 y  3 z  7

Self-belief and hard work will always earn you success.

60
581. 5x  3 y  2 z  6
7 x  y  8z  27
3x  2 y  3z  7

582. x  3 y  2z  6
x  y  z  2
x  2 y  3z  7

583. 6x  3 y  9z  7
x  4 y  5z  9
 5x  2 y  3z  7

584.  4x  7 y  2z  8
5x  y  4 z  9
3x  2 y  3z  12

585. 8x  3 y  2 z  7
7 x  4 y  5z  9
5 x  2 y  3z  7

A dream doesn't become reality through magic; it takes sweat,

determination and hard work.

61
586. 7 x  4 y  2 z  7
3x  6 y  4 z  8
7 x  2 y  5z  11

587. 6 x  9 y  2 z  14
x yz 5
 5x  2 y  3z  7

Curve sketching for parametric

functions.

Sketch the curves given below in parametric

equations.
588. x  t 2  2, y  3  t for  3  t  3

589. x  t  2, y  t 2  1 for  4  t  4

590. x  t 2 , y  t (5  t ) for 0  t  5

591. x  t 2 , y  (2  t )(t  3) for  5  t  5

Success is the result of perfection, hard work, learning from

failure, loyalty, and persistence.
62
 Find the Cartesian equations of the curves
given by the following parametric equations.
1
592. x and y  3  t where t  0
t
593. x  at 2 and y  2at where a is a constant.
594. x  a cos t and y  a sin t where a and  are
constants.
595. x  a cos t and y  b sin t where a, b and  are
constants.
596. x  a cost    and y  b sint  where a, b,  and
 are constants.

Inequalities.
Represent each of the following intervals on the real
number line.
597. x  3,7
598. x   4,5
599. x   3,6
600. x  0,3
601. x   2,0

Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs

to those who prepare for it today.
63
602. 
x   1 ,3
4

603. x   5,4

604. 
x  1 ,3
5 4

605. x   7,0
606. x   2,0  2,5
607. x   3,1  2,6
608. x   4,3  2,4
609. x   4,3  4,5
610. x   2,3  3,5
611. x   2,1  1,2
612. x   2,0  1,2
Solve the following simple inequalities.
613. x3 2
614. x  4  2
615. 2x  1  3
616. 3x  5  x  1
617. 5x  4  x  1
618. 4x  5  7
619. x  4  2x  1
620. 2x  4  x  5

We grow small trying to be great.

64
 Find the set of x which satisfies each of the following
couples of inequalities.
621. x  2  4  x and 2 x  3  x  2
622. 2 x  3  1 and 3x  4  2
623. x  3  3 and 3x  4  5
624. x  4  3x  4 and 8x  3  9 x
625. 3x  6  4 x  2 and x  4  4 x  2

The Binominal Expansion

Simplify each of the following.
8!
626.
3!
11!
627.
9!
5!
628.
3!2!
8!
629.
6!2!
7!4!3!
630.
5!
50!60!
631.
48!59!
632. In how many ways can 10 boys be seated in line?
633. In how many ways can you arrange the letters of the
word GLOBE in line?

65
 Simplify each of the following binomial coefficients.
7
634. C4
3
635. C2
5
636. C1
11
637. C4
50
638. C 48
50
639. C2
100
640. C99
100
641. C1
45
642. C2
45
643. C 43

644. 50
C1 35 C32

645. 27
C3  3!

646. 40
C3  5!

647. 8
C1 8 C1 8 C1 8 C1
648. In how many ways can you select 4 letters out of the
letters of the word EDUCATION.
649. In how many ways can you select 10 boys out of 12
boys.

Intelligence without ambition is a bird without wings.

66
 Use Pascal’s triangle to expand the following.
(Simplify the coefficients)
650. a  b4
651. a  b5
652. a  b6
653. a  b4
654. 2a  b4
655. 5a  3b5
656. 4a  4b5
4
 b
657.  6a  
 3
Use the binomial coefficient to expand each of the following
(Write first three terms and last term of each of the
expansion. Do not simplify the coefficients)
658. a  b50
659. a  b40
660. 3a  2b11
661. 4a  3b24
662. 12a  b14

Be sure you put your feet in the right place, then stand firm.
67
663. 2 x  y 10
664. 4a  5b100
665. 3x  7 y 112
666. 2a  5b90
Use the expansion of (1  x) n to find the
approximations for each of the following.
667. 1.0004

668. 1.002

1.01 2
1
669.

670. 4.0016

Co-ordinate Geometry
Find the gradient and the length of the line
connecting each of the following couples of points.
671. 3,4 & 0,0
672. 4,1 & 0,3
673. 1,1 & 4,4
674. 2,4 &  3,5
675.  12 , 12 & 0, 3 2 
676.  1,1 &  4,4
The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination.
68
677. a,2a  & 2a,a 
678.  p,3 p  & 2 p,2 p 
679. 2a,3b & a,b
680. 5a,3b & a,2b
681.  p,q  & 2 p,q 
682. 6a,b & 3a, b
Also find the mid points of the line connecting each
of the above couple of points.
683. Find the equation of the line passing through the points
 3,2 and 4,4 .
684. Find the equation of the line which has the intercepts 5
and 3 on the x and y axes respectively.
685. Find the equation of the line passing through the point
3,2 and having an inclination 450 with the positive

direction of the x axis.

686. Find the equation of the line passing through the point
 4,2 and having an inclination 600 with the positive
direction of the x axis.

Education is not just about going to school and getting a

degree. It's about widening your knowledge and absorbing the
truth about life.
69
 Find the point of intersection of each of the
following couples of lines.
687. 2x  y  1  0
x y20
688. x y 0
4x  2 y  1  0
689. 5x  3 y  2  0
x  3y 1  0
690. 7x  y  0
x  y 1  0
691. x y 0
x  2y  0
692. x  y 1  0
3x  2 y  1  0
693. Find the equation of the line passing through  4,3
parallel to the line x  2 y  1  0 .

694. Find the equation of the line passing through 0,0

parallel to the line 5x  y  3  0 .
695. Find the equation of the line passing through 0,1
perpendicular to the line x  2 y  1  0 .
The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their
dreams.
70
 Write the equations of circles having each of the
following centers and the radii.
696. Centre 0,3 and radius1unit.
697. Centre  3,4 and radius 2 units.
698. Centre 3,1 and radius 1 unit.

699.  
Centre 1 , 1 and radius 5 units.
2 2

Find the center and radius of each of the following

circles.
700. x  22   y  32  25
701. x  12   y  22  7
702. x  12   y  32  5
703. x  42   y  52  1
704. x  12  y 2  3
Find the center and radius of each of the following
circles by using first principles.
705. x 2  y 2  4x  2 y  1  0

706. x 2  y 2  6x  2 y  3  0

707. x 2  y 2  4x  3 y  2  0

708. x 2  y 2  5x  y  2  0
Problems are not stop signs, they are guidelines.
71
709. 2x 2  2 y 2  4x  8 y  1  0

710. 8x 2  8 y 2  6 x  y  2  0

711. 3x 2  3 y 2  9 x  y  3  0

712. 4 x 2  4 y 2  8x  6 y  1  0

713. 3x 2  3 y 2  2 x  y  11  0

714. 2x 2  2 y 2  6x  3 y  7  0

715. 5x 2  5 y 2  5x  y  2  0

716. 6x 2  6 y 2  7 x  y  5  0

717. 7 x 2  7 y 2  6x  y  3  0

718. 5x 2  5 y 2  9 x  4 y  2  0

719. 3x 2  3 y 2  6 x  7 y  5  0
720. Find the point of intersection between the circle
x 2  y 2  1 and the line x  y  0 . Sketch their graphs
on the same axes and locate their points of intersection.

Your smile will give you a positive countenance that will make
people feel comfortable around you.
72
 Model Paper 1
 Answer all questions.
721. Express the following in partial fraction.
1
i)
x  1x  3x  4
2
ii)
x  1x  3x  2
1
iii)

x  1 x 2  9 
1
iv)
xx  3x  2

722. Prove the following inequalities where a, b, c are

positive real numbers.
i) a 2  b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ac

i) a 4  b 4  c 4  a 2b 2  b 2 c 2  a 2 c 2
iii) a  b  c  ab  bc  ac
1 1 1 1 1 1
iv) 2
 2  2   
a b c ab bc ac
1 1 1 1 1 1
v)     
a b c ab bc ac

723. Find the constants A and B such that

12 x 2  1  A2 x  1  B2 x  1 for all real x.
3 3

73
724. Expand each of the following.
i) 2a  b  3c2
ii) 4a  b  2c2
iii) 5a  2b  3c2

725. Show that p 2  q 2  r 2  pq  qr  pr for any positive

real p, q and r.
Deduce that p 3  q 3  r 3  3 pqr .

726. Let  ,  and  are three real numbers such that

      2 ,  2   2   2  6 and  3   3   3  8 .
Find  4   4   4 .

727. Show that the arithmetic mean of three positive real

numbers is greater than or equal to their geometric
mean.
b c
728. Let     and   then find each of the
a a
following expressions in terms of  and  .

i) 3  3
ii) 4 4
iii)  4    4

74
 1
729. If      p ,      and     1 then show
p
that
               2  p  1 2  p  1
and deduce that
2

               p  1  .

 p

730. If a and b are positive real numbers, show that

1
log b a  .
log ba
Deduce that,
1 1 1 1 1 .
   ........  
log 2 2020 log 3 2020 log 4 2020 log100 2020 log100! 2020

Model Paper 2
 Answer all questions.

731. Show that the arithmetic mean of two positive real

numbers is greater than or equal to their geometric
mean.
1
732. Express in partial fraction.
2 x  1x  3x  1

75
  a 0
733. Let A    . If A 2  3A then evaluate the value of
 b 0
the constant a.

734. Prove the following inequalities where a, b, c are

positive real numbers.

735. i) 1 1 1 1 1 1
    
a 2020 b 2020 c 2020 ab 1010 bc 1010 ac 1010

1 1 1 1 1 1
ii)  3 3   
ab 2 bc  2 ac  2
3 3 3 3
a b c

736. Prove the following identities.

i) sin 3 x  cos 3 x  sin x  cos x (1  sin x cos x)

ii) sin 4 x  cos 4 x  1  2 sin 2 x cos 2 x

iii) sin 6 x  cos 6 x  1  3 sin 2 x cos 2 x

737. Let     p and   q then find each of the

following expressions in terms of p and q.
i) 3  3
ii) 4 4
iii)  4    4

Your positive action combined with positive thinking results in

success.
76
738. Show that if sin  and cos  are the roots of the
equation ax 2  bx  c  0 then show that,
a  c2  b 2  c 2 .

739. Prove the following identity.

sin A 1  cos A
  2 cos ecA
1  cos A sin A

Model Paper 3
 Answer all questions.

740. Let a, b and c are three real numbers such that

a b  c  4,
a2  b2  c2  7 ,
a 3  b3  c3  8
Find the values of a, b and c.
741. Express the following in partial fraction.
1
I
x 1
3

x 2  3x  4
II
x  1x  12

Put your heart, mind, and soul into even your smallest acts.
This is the secret of success.

77
742. Prove that a 2  b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ac where a, band c
are positive real numbers.
Hence show that
a  b  c2  b  c  a2  a  c  b2  ab  bc  ac .

743. Prove the following inequalities where a and b are

positive real numbers.
1
i) a 2
a
ii) a 3  b 3  a 2 b  ab 2

744. State the sine rule by using usual notation.

In a triangle, the largest angle is twice the size of the

smallest angle and the longest side is 1 1 times the

5
length of the shortest side. Show that the smallest angle

 5 .
of the triangle is cos 1 3

745. Using the expansions of sin  A  B  and cos A  B  ,

show that

 6 2
I sin  and
12 4
Yesterday is not ours to recover, but tomorrow is ours to win
or lose.
78
  6 2
II cos 
12 4
1  cos 2 x 
By using the identity tan x  for 0  x 
sin 2 x 2

show that, tan  6  3  2 2.
24
746. Prove the following results.
I sin 100  sin 101  sin 102  sin 80  sin 79  sin 78

II sin 175  cos 176  tan177   sin 5  cos 4  tan 3

Miscellaneous exercises.
747. 
Show that, a 2  b 2   a  ba
2 3

 b 3  aba  b .
2

Also show that,

x  y  z 2  x 2  y 2  z 2  2 xy  2 yz  2xz .
Hence expand (ax  ay  az ) 2 .

748. If ax 2  bx  c  0 and ax 2  cx  b  0 then show that

x  1.
b c
749. If   p  and p 2  then show that
a a
 p  12 ac  pb 2 .

Live life to the fullest, and focus on the positive.

79
 b c
750. If m  n  and mn 2  then show that
a a
m 2

 n 2 ac  mn(b 2  2ac) .

751. If      p and  2  q then show that

 2 q   2q  p 2   q  0 .
752. If     2q and   q  6 then show that

   2  4q  3q  2. Hence, if ,    then find

the possible values of q .

753. Solve the equation

3
3k  22  k 2  2k  5 for k.
16
v1 v 1
754. If a  , 2a  1 and h  tv1 then show that
t1 t  t1 2

h  1 at 2 .
3
755. Consider the set of simultaneous equations,
v
a (1)
t
v
b (2)
T t
1
d  VT (3)
2
Simplify them in order to obtain the identity
1 1 T2
  .
a b 2d

80
756. Solve the following simultaneous equations for f and
2 xt1  t 2 
show that , f  .
t1t 2 (t1  t 2 )

v1  v2  ft1 (1)
v2  v3  ft 2 (2)

2x
v1  v 2  (3)
t1

2x
v 2  v3  (4)
t2
757. Solve the following simultaneous equations for f.
v1  v2  20 f (1)

v2  v3  30 f (2)

v1  v2  50 (3)
v2  v3  75 (4)
758. Solve the simultaneous equations,
v1  u  ft1 (1)
v  v1  ft 2 (2)
1
x (v1  u )t1 (3)
2
1
x (v  v1 )t 2 (4)
2

u2  v2
to show that v1  .
2
81
759. Solve the following equation set for f and Show that,
2d t 3  2t 2  t1 
f  .
t 2  t1 t 3  t 2 t 3  t1 

v1  v2  f (t 2  t1 ) (1)
v2  v3  f (t 3  t 2 ) (2)

2d
v1  v2  (3)
t 2  t1
2d
v 2  v3  (4)
t3  t 2

760. Using the Principle of Mathematical Induction, prove

that n 3 + 5n is divisible by 3 for n ∈ .

761. Find how many numbers between 2000 and 4000 can
be formed using the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4, if repetitions of
the digits are (i) not allowed, (ii) allowed.

762. Using the binomial expansion for a positive integral

index, show that (1  3) 6  (1  3) 6  416 . Hence,

find the integer part of (1 + 3 ) 6 .

Failure will never overtake me if my determination to succeed

is strong enough.
82
763. Using the Principle of Mathematical Induction, prove
n(n  1)
that 1  2  ...  n  for any positive integer n.
2

764. Find the number of arrangements that can be made by

using all the letters of the word ADDING. Find, in how
many of these arrangements the vowels are separated.

765. If the coefficient of x and the coefficient of x 2 in the

binomial expansion of (1 + px)12 , where p is a non-zero
constant, are –q and 11q respectively, find the values of
p and q.

4  3 sin x  4  3 sin x 3
766. Show that, lim  .
x →0 2x 4

767. Find the equation of the straight line parallel to the

straight line 3 y + 2 x + 5 = 0 , and passing through the
point that divides the straight line joining the points
(2, 3) and (-1, 2) externally in the ratio 3 : 2.

x sin x 1
768. Show that, lim  .
x 0 2 sin 3x  x cos x 17
2 2

83
769. Let l be the straight line passing through the points (4,
0) and (0, 2) and m be the straight line passing through
the points (2, 0) and (0, 3). Find the equations of the
straight lines l and m. Hence, find the equation of the
straight line through the origin and the point of
intersection of l and m.

3
770. A curve is given by x = 3t , y = where t is a non-zero
t
parameter. Show that the equation of the tangent to the
 3
curve at the point  3t ,  is x + t 2 y = 6t .
 t
Deduce that, as t varies, the area of the triangular region
bounded by the coordinate axes and this tangent is a
constant.

771. Find the equations of the two circles, each of

radius 2 , touching the straight line x + y + 1 = 0 and

having the centres on the y-axis.

772. The length of the tangent from a point P to the circle

x 2 + y 2 - 12 x = 0 is twice the length of the tangent

84
 from the point P to the circle x 2  y 2 - 9  0 . Show

that the point P lies on the circle x 2  y 2  4 x -12= 0 .

773. The sides of a triangle are p 1 , p and p + 1 , where p

is a real number such that p > 1. If the largest angle of
the triangle is twice the smallest angle of the triangle,
using the Sine rule and the Cosine rule find the value
of p.

774. A curve C is given by the equation

y  4  4 x  3x 2  x 3 . Find the equation of the tangent
drawn to the curve C at the point (1, 2). Show that this
tangent is perpendicular to the tangent drawn to the
curve y 2 = 4 x at the point (1, 2).

775. Show that the equation of any circle through the points
(2, 0) and (0, 2) can be written as
x 2  y 2  4   ( x  y  2)  0 , where  is a parameter.
Find the centre and the radius of this circle in terms
of  .

Life is 10% what happens to you and 90% how you react to it.

85
776. Find the equation of the circle S with AB, where
A = (1, 3) and B = (2, 4) as a diameter. Also, find the
equation of the circle with centre (-1, 2) which cuts the
circle S orthogonally.

    
777. Taking   , show that tan   2  3 .
12 3 4  12 
 23 
Deduce the value of tan   .
 12 

778. Using the Principle of Mathematical Induction, prove

n
that  (2r  1)  n(n  2) for all n 
r 1
.

779. Find all real values of x satisfying the inequality

2x  1
 1.
3x  1

780. The sum of the first n terms of an infinite series is given

2 n +1
by 6 for all n  .n th
term of this series and
3n 1
show that the series is a convergent geometric series.

We should not give up and we should not allow the problem to

defeat us.
86
781. Let a  . The term independent of x in the binomial
20
 a  969
expansion of  x  3  is . Find the value of a.
 x  2

1  cos x 1
782. Show that lim  .
x 0
1 x  1 x
2 2 2

783. The image of the point (3, 1) on the straight line

3 
x  2 y  a  0 is the point  , b  , where a and b are
5 
constants. Find the values of a and b.

784. Let C be the curve given by x  2 cos  , y  sin  ,

where  is a parameter. The normal to the curve C at

the point corresponding to   meets the curve C
4
again at the point corresponding to    . Show that

2 sin   3 cos   3 2  0 .

785. A circle C of radius 1 and the centre lying on the line

x y 0 intersects the circle x2  y2  4y  3  0
orthogonally. Find the coordinates of the centre of C.

Challenges are what make life interesting. Overcoming them is what

makes life meaningful
87
 1 3
786. Show that if sin   and  <  < , then
3 2
4 2 4 2
sin 2 = and tan 2 = .
9 7

787. ABC is a right angled isosceles triangle of

ACˆ B  90 0 . A point D is located on AB so as
AD : DB  1 : 2 . Show that BDˆ C  tan 1 3 .

788. ABC is a right angled isosceles triangle of

ACˆ B  90 0 . A point D is located on AB so as
AD : DB  1 : 2 . Show that BDˆ C  tan 1 3 .

789. In a triangle ABC, CAˆ B  30 0 and CBˆ A  450 . D is the

mid point of AB. Show that CDˆ B  tan 1 ( 3  1).

790. In a triangle, the largest angle is twice the size of the

smallest angle and the longest side is 1 1 times the

5
length of the shortest side. Show that the smallest angle

 5 .
of the triangle is cos 1 3

Successful and unsuccessful people do not vary greatly in their

abilities. They vary in their desires to reach their potential.
88
791. In a triangle, the largest angle is twice the size of the

smallest angle and the longest side is 1 1 times the

2
length of the shortest side. Show that the smallest

angle of the  
triangle is cos 1 3 .
4
Given that the length of the middle side is 10 cm, find
the lengths of the other two sides.

792. In a triangle ABC the angle bisector at C intersects the

side AB at P. Show that AP : PB  b : a using usual
notation.

793. In a triangle ABC, AB  2 cm, BC  5 cm, AC  4 cm.

cm. Find the angles A, B, C .

794. In a triangle ABC, AB  3 cm, BC  4 cm, and

ABˆ C  60 0 . Evaluate the length of the side AC and the
angle at A.

795. The sides AB, BC , CA of a triangle ABC are into the

ratio 3 : 2 : 4 respectively. Find the angle at A. Also find
the ratio A : B : C where A, B, C represent the angles of
the triangle using usual notation.
89
 a b c
796. If   where k  0 and k  1,4 then
k 1 k k 1
sin A sin B sin C
show that   ,
k 1 k k 1
using usual notation.

a b c 5
797. If   then show that A  cos 1   using usual
5 6 7 7
notation.

and a  b   
a 1 a 1
798. Solve the equations a  b  
b 2 b 2
simultaneously for a and b where a, b  0 .

799. Find the set of real x which the inequality

x  2x  3  0 holds true.
x2  4

800. Find the set of real x which the inequality x  1  4

holds true.

801. Determine how many real roots are there for x of the
2 2
equation, x   1 .
x 1 x 1

90
802. If  and  are the roots of the equation

x 2  px  q  0 then find the equation in terms of 

and  , whose roots are p and q.

803. For any triangle using usual notation.

A : B : C  1 : 2 : 3 . Find a:b:c.

804. Show that if a and b are positive real numbers, then

their arithmetic mean is greater than or equal to their
geometric mean. Also show that if a, b and c are three
positive real numbers, then a 2  b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ca .

805. Perimeter and the length of a side of a triangle are

respectively 16cm and 6cm. Using the behavior of
suitable first derivative find the lengths of the other
sides when the area of the triangle is a maximum. (You
may use that the area of a triangle is given by
  ss  a s  bs  c  using usual notation).

806. Prove that,

a  c  a b  a  b
log  log   log  log   log  log  ,
b d  c d  d  c
where a, b, c, d  0 .
91
807. Show that,

 p q r  a b c 
        9 , where a, b, c, p, q, r  0 .
 a b c  p q r 

808. Show that a 2  b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ca for any positive

real numbers a, b, c.

abc a2  b2  c2
2

Deduce that    .
 3  3

809. Establish the result,


a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc  a  b  c  a 2  b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ca 
for any real constants a, b, c.
Deduce that a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc for any positive real a,
b and c.

810. Solve the inequality x 2  x  6 for real x.

1 1 0
 
811. Let A   1 2 1  .
 2 1 0
 
Show that A  3 A2  I  0 .
3

The difference between ordinary and extraordinary is that

little “extra.”.
92
  3 2
812. Let A    find A 1 .
  5 4
Hence solve the equations 3x  2 y  2 and
 5x  4 y  1.

813. Show that tan 750  cot 750  2 3 .

814. Show that cos 2   cos 2   cos 2 5  3 .

12 4 12 2

815. Let the quadratic equations x 2  ax  b  0 and

x 2  bx  a  0 a  1 have a common root. Show
that a  b  1 .

816. Show that sin 6   cos 6   3 sin 2  cos 2   1 .

817. If tan A  cot A  4 then find tan 8 A  cot 8 A .

818. Show that if a and b are two distinct positive real

ab
numbers then  ab .
2
Deduce that there exists no x satisfying the equation
 
sin e x  2 x  2  x .
93
819. Show that,
sin 780  sin 66 0  sin 420  sin 6  sin 180  cos 36 0 .

bc ca ab

820. If   then find cos A .
11 12 13

821. The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 4 : 1 : 1 . Find the

ratio of the length of the largest side to the perimeter of
the triangle.

tan 70 0  tan 20 0
822. Show that,  2.
tan 50 0

823. Find the set of values satisfying the inequality

2x  1  4 .

cos A cos B cos C

824. Let   and a  2cm in a given
a b c
triangle, using usual notation. Calculate the area of the
triangle.

825. State the Remainder theorem and prove.

Deduce the factor theorem using remainder theorem.

Absence makes the heart grow fonder.

94
826. Show that 1  ln 2 
ln 2
2

ln 2
3
 ...  2 .
2! 3!

827. Prove that n cr  n cr 1  n  1cr and deduce that

2010 c  2011c  2012c  ..... 2020c  2021c  2010 c .
r r r r r r 1

828. If sin A  sin B  sin C sin A  sin B  sin C   3sin A sin B

then show that C   using usual notation of a
3
triangle.

829. Lengths of the sides of a triangle are given by 1,

sin x, cos x units. where x is an angle of the triangle.
Find the largest angle of this triangle.

830. Show that the set of equations has a trivial solution.

3x  4 y  2 z  0
4 x  3 y  5z  0
x  7 y  2011z  0

831. If the sum of roots of the equation ax 2  bx  c  0 is

equal to the sum of squares of their reciprocals then
c a b
show that , , are in arithmetic progression.
a b c
95
832. Let A3,4 B 6,2 . Find the equation of path of point
Pxy  such that P is equidistance from A and B always.

 1  
833. Find the numerical value of tan 2 tan 1     .
 5 4 

834. Let the tan  and tan  are roots of equation

x 2  px  q  0 then show that,

p2
sin 2      .
p 2  1  q 
2

835. Solve the inequality x  1  2 x  3  4 .

836. Show that sin 1  1   cot 1 (3)   .

 5 4

837. Solve x 1  x algebraically.

838. Solve 2 x  5  7 .

839. Find one root of the equation

x  1x  2x  3x  4  120 .
96
840. Find the area enclosed by the curves y  x  2 and

x  3 with the x axis.

841. If tan 1 a  tan 1 b  tan 1 c  sin 1 1 then show that

1 1 1 1
   .
a b c abc
1 13
842. Let cos   and cos   calculate the angle
7 14
    .

843. Show that f n  13n  6 n is divisible by 7 for n  +

.

844. 
Show that sin 20 0 tan10 0  cot 10 0  2 . 

845. Show by usual notation of a triangle that ,

a1  cos B  cos C   b1  cos A  cos C   c1  cos A  cos B  0 .

846. Solve the inequality 2 x 1  x .

847. In a triangle cos A  cos B cos C using usual notation.

Show that tan B tan C  2 .

Adopting the right attitude can convert a negative stress into a

positive one.
97
848.  
Evaluate sec 2 tan 1 2  cos ec 2 cot 1 3 .  
849. Show that f n  2011n  2009 n is divide by 2 for
n +
.
1 1 23
850. Show that tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 .
11 12 131
851. Solve the inequality 3 x  31x  4 .

852. If the roots of the equation

ab  c x 2  bc  a x  ca  b  0 are equal then show

that 1 1 1 are in arithmetic progression.

a b c

853. Find one root of the equation,

720  x  1x  2x  3x  4x  5  0 .

854. Find the sum of n terms of the series

1 2 1 2  3 1 2  3  4
1    ......
2 3 4
855. Solve following the system of equation for x, y, z and
show that the system has a unique solution.
x  y  3z  0
2x  y  z  2
x  y  2z  3

98
856. Show that the solution of the system
4x  3 y  2z
3 y  2 z  3x
x  z  y is trivial.

857. Let ABC is a triangle with vertices

A1,1 B 2,2 C2,2 . Find the equation of
altitude through A.

858. Find the number of real roots of the equation

x  12010  x  22010  x  32010  0 .

859. If a, b, c are real and 4a  2b  c  0 a, b  0 then

show that both roots of the equation ax 2  bx  c  0

are real.

860. Show that when f (n)  2011n  2007 n  3 is divided

by 4 the remainder is 3.

861. Solve the system of equation

2x  3 y  z  1
x  2y  z  3
x y 5

99
 1
862. Solve the equation x   2.
x

863. Solve the inequality 2 x 2  x  1  5  0 for real x.

864. Sketch the graphs of y  x  1 and y  2 x on the

same axis.
Hence solve x  1  2 x .

865. If a, b and c are positive real numbers then show that

a2 b2 c2 a b c
     .
b2 c2 a2 b c a
a4 b4 c4 a2 b2 c2
Deduce that      .
b4 c4 a4 b2 c2 a2

866. Show that the following system of equation has no

solution.
2x  y  z  7
x  3 y  1  2z
x  4 y  5  3z

867. State the sine rule and prove. Let a  b  kc where

a  b and k  +
.
c c 
Show that k cos  cos  B  .
2 2 
100
868. Prove that,
 1  1  1  1  4021 
tan 1    tan    tan  .
 2010   2011   4042109 

869. Solve the system of equations

x  2 y  2z  3
2 x  y  3z  4
 x  y  5z  1

870. If a, b and c are three positive real numbers then show

1 1 1 1 1 1
that      .
ab 3 bc  3 ac  3
2 2 2 1 1 1
3 3 3
a b c
871. Find the sum of n terms of the series,
3 5 9
1  2  3  ......
2 2 2

1
872. Prove that a   2 fore positive real a.
a

873. Solve the system of equation

2 x  5 y  3z  1
x  y  3z  2
xz 6

101
874. Show that i n  i n1  i n2  i n3  0 , where i 2  1 .

875. Show that f (n)  2124 n1  2412 n2 is divided by 9 for
n +
.

876. Solve the system

2x  3 y  z  6
x  2y  z  1
2y  z  1

877. Find the equation of circle passing through the points

0,0 1,2 with centre on the line 4x  3 y  1  0 .

878. Find the set of real x which satisfies the inequality

x
 2 .
2x  1

879. Solve the equation 32 x1  32  3 x3  3 x for real x.

880. Find the equations of lines which passes through 1,2

forming  with the line x  2 y  2  0 .

4

Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see a shadow.

102
881. Find the Cartesian equation of the curve described
parametrically by y  t 2  t  1 and x  t 2  t  1 .

882. Find the values of k such that the roots of equation

k  2x 2  6x  1  k  0 are positive.

883. Find the numerical value of

3  3 8
tan 1    tan 1    tan 1   .
4 5  19 

884. Find the value(s) of real k such that the set of equations
x  y  2 z  0, 3x  y  2 z  0 k  1x  y  7 z  0 has
a trivial solution.

885. Solve 2 x  1  2020 .

886. Solve 2 x  1  2020 .

887. Find the length of the segment of the line

ax  by  c  0 intercepted between the coordinate axis.

Don’t let your victories go to your head, or your failures go to

your heart.

103
888. Given that tan  and tan  are roots of

x 2  px  q  0 then show that

p2
sin 2      .
p 2  1  q 
2

889. Find the number of real roots of the equation

e sin x  e  sin x  4  0 .

  i 0
890. Find AAT where A    , where i 2  1 .
 0 i

891. If tan  tan   a and cot   cot   b and

      0 then show that ab  4 .

892. By using the usual notation of a triangle find the length

of the angle bisector through A.

893. Find the general solution of the equation

4 cos 3  sin   4 cos 5 . Hence find all the solutions
in 0    2 .

894. Solve the inequality x  x  1  5 algebraically.

104
895. Solve the inequality, 3x  2  2 x  5 .

896. Find the number of parallelograms formed by

intersecting m parallel lines with another set of n
parallel lines.

897. If the lengths of sides of the triangle ABC are in

arithmetic progression then show that,
B A C
sin  2 sin sin using usual notation.
2 2 2

898. There are 10 persons to go by 2 boats. 5 can go in each

boat. Find the number of ways which they can go by
two boats if two special persons do not like to go in the
same boat.

899. If cos 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1 z   then show that,

x 2  y 2  z 2  2 xyz  1 .

900. Find the number of words that can be formed by using

all the letters of the word MATHEMATICS that start as
well as end with T.
Failure is the opportunity to begin again more intelligently.

105
901. Find the radius of the in-circle of the triangle with
length of sides 13, 14, 15 cm.

902. If A, B and C are angles of a triangle then show that

sin 2 A  sin 2B  sin 2C  4 sin A sin B sin C .

903. Find the number of ways which 6 persons can be seated

around a table so that two particular persons are never
seated together.

904. Find the number of permutations which can be made by

selecting any 3 letters out of the letters of the word
COMMITTEE.

905. When ax 3  bx 2  c  0 is divided by x  1 x  2

and x  1 the remainders are 1, 0, 2 respectively. Find

the constants a, b and c.
Hence find factorize ax 3  bx 2  c .

906. Solve x  1  x  2  5 algebraically.

907. Find one root of the equation

2x  14x  16x  18x  1  120  0 .
106
 n
908. Let f n   2 2  1 for n  . Find the last digit of f n 
for n  2 .
n
909. Let f n   2 2  1 for n  . Find the last digit of f n 
for n  2 .

910. For any triangle using usual notation

2a 2  4b 2  c 2  4ab  2ac . Show that, cos B  7 .

8
911. Find the value of t such that the points 1,0 0,1 0,0
and t, t  are concyclic.

912. Solve 3x  1  x  4  3 algebraically.

913. In how many ways can you arrange any four letters in
line out of all the letters of the word TRANSITIVITY.

2 x 2  3x  3
914. Express in partial fraction.
x  1x  2

915. If x  1 and x  2 are factors of

f x   x 4  ax 3  bx 2  2 x  4 then find the constants a

and b. Factor f x  completely.

107
916. Show that a 2  b 2  2ab for any positive real a and b.
Deduce that a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc .

917. Show that f n  37 n2  16 n1  30 n is divided by 7.

918. Show that,

sin 7 x  6 sin 5 x  17 sin 3x  12 sin x
 2 cos x .
sin 6 x  5 sin 4 x  12 sin 2 x

919. Find the range of x which satisfies x  2  1  2 x .

920. If the roots of the equation

b  cx 2  c  ax  a  b  0 are equal and real, show
that a, b, c form an arithmetic progression.

If n  1, show that 1  x   nx  1 is divisible by x 2 .

n
921.

922. Roots of the equation ax 2  bx  c  0 are  and  .

Express the roots of the equation
 
a 3 x 2  b 3  3abc x  c 3  0 in terms of  and  .

Life has two rules: 1) Never quit. 2) Always remember Rule #1.

108
923. When the function 4 x 3  5x 2  ax  4 is divided by
 x  2 , the remainder is R, and when the function

5x 3  ax 2  6 x  4 is divided by x  2 , the remainder

is 3R, find R.

924. Find the numerical value of

3 3 8
tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 .
4 5 19

bc ca ab 1

925. In ABC ,   , prove that cos A  ,
11 12 13 5
using usual notation.


926. Solve the equation tan 1 2 x  tan 1 3x  .
4

a c
927. When a, b, c and d  0 , and  , show that
b d
ac c
 .
bd d

x3  x 2  4x
where x  1 .
928. Find the partial fractions of
 
x  1 x 2  1
Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.

109
929. For a  0 , solve log ax a  2 log x a  3 log a0
a2x

For real x.

930. Show that the function f ( x)  2 x 2  4 x  5 is positive

for all real values of x and it has a minimum at x  1 .

931. If ax 2  bx  c  0 and ax 2  cx  b  0 are not

identical and have a common root, show that
a bc  0.
Find the equation which is satisfied by other two roots
of equations.

932. A rectangle of perimeter p is revolved about one of its

sides to generate a right circular hollow cylinder. Find
the dimensions of the rectangle, such that volume of the
cylinder is maximum.

x  cos x x  x   x 
933.  sec 2     tan   .
1  sin x 2  4 2  4 2

934. Given that 4 x  3   x  2  5 ,

Solve for x graphically.

Only I can change my life. No one can do it for me.
110
935. If a, b  and a  0 , b  0 and a  b then show that,

a b  a b .

936. Let f : A  B and g : B  C defined by f ( x)  e x

and g ( x)  log e x , x  0 .

Show that f g x   g f x   x .

937. If a  sec  cos  and b  cos ec  sin  then show

 
that a 2 b 2 a 2  b 2  3  1 .

938. Taking 5  90 0 , find the value of sin 180 .

Hence or otherwise prove that,
tan 9 0  tan 27 0  tan 630  tan 810  4 .

939. If a, b, c, d are the co-efficient of any four consecutive

terms in the expansion of 1  x  , where n  +
n
then
a c 2b
prove that   .
ab cd bc
940. In a triangle OAB, E is the mid-point of OB and D is a
point on AB such that AD : DB  2 : 1 . If OD and AE
intersect at P, determine the ratio OP : PD using
vector method.

111
941. Let  and  are root of the equation

 
kx2  2k  1x  k 2  1  0 .
Find the value of k for which   1 and   2 .

x2
942. Split into partial fraction.
x4  x2 1

1
943. Show that log a kx  log a x .
k
Hence solve the equation,
log 3 x  log 9 x 2  log 27 x 3  3 .

x 2  4x  9
944. Solve the inequality  1 .
3 x

945. Find the set of values of k for which the quadratic

function kx2  2k  1x  k  2 is negative for all
values of x.
x3
946. Express in partial fractions.
x  1x  22

Failure will never overtake me if my determination to succeed

is strong enough.

112
947. Find the value of k such that the area of the triangle
whose vertices are 5, k  ,  3,2 and  2,2 is 17
square units.

948. Consider the two quadratic equations,

1  2k x 2  6kx  1  0 and kx2  x  1  0 .
Find the set of values of k for which the both equations
have real roots.

949. When the polynomial Px  is divided by x  2 the

remainder is 4, and when Px  is divided by x  3 the
remainder is 7.
Find, by writing Px   x  2x  3Q( x)  ax  b , the
remainder when Px  is divided by x  2x  3 .

     
950. If tan x   cot  x     , prove that,
 12   12 
 1
sin 2 x  .
2  1

951. Find the solutions of the equation

2 cos x  sin x  sin 2 x  1 between   and  .

113
952. If  and  are the roots of 2 x 2  3x  1  0 then write
1 1
the quadratic equation with roots and .
 2
2

953. Solve the equation 3 log x  log 96  2 log 9  log 4 .

954. Show that, cos ecA  2 cot 2 A cos A  2 sin A .

955.  and  are roots of the equation x 2  px  q  0 .

Find the roots of the equation x  q 2  p 2 x in terms

of  and  .

956. a, b and c are any three positive numbers which are not
equal to 1. Prove that log a b. log b c  log a c .

1
Hence deduce that log a b  .
log b a

957. Find the range of values of x which satisfies the

inequality 2 x  1  3 2  x  2  2 x .

958. Solve the equation 2 tan x  sin 2 x sec x  1  sec x .

Be faithful in small things because it is in them that your

strength lies.

114
959. If ax 2  bx  c  0 and ax 2  cx  b  0 are not
identical and have a common root, show that
a bc  0.
Find the equation which is satisfied by other two roots
of equations.

960. If a  sec  cos  b  cos ec  sin  .

 
Show that a 2 b 2 a 2  b 2  3  1 .

961. Taking 5  90 0 , find the value of sin 180 .

Hence or otherwise prove that,
tan 9 0  tan 27 0  tan 630  tan 810  4 .

x2
962. Express into partial fraction.
x4  x2 1

963. Find the equation of the acute angle bisector of the

angle between the two straight lines x  y  7  0 and
7x  y  2  0 .

You don’t drown by falling in the water; you drown by staying

there.
115
964. If A  B  C  D  2 then prove that,
 A B  AC   A D
cos A  cos B  cos C  cos D  4 cos  cos  cos   0.
 2   2   2 

965. Prove that coordinate of the point which divides the

joint of the points A1  x1 , y1  and A2  x2 , y 2 

 nx  mx2 ny1  my2 

internally in the ratio m : n are  1 , .
 nm nm 

966. f ( x)  ax 2  bx  c is a quadratic expression where

a  0 . If b 2  4ac  0 then show that there exist a

constant  ( 0) such that f (x)   for all x  .

967. Find the possible values of x for which,

1
log 3 (2 x  5)   2.
log  x 1 3

968. The polynomial f ( x)  x 3  3x 2  px  8 is divide by

x  2 , the remainder is 2, Find the value of P.
Hence or otherwise if g ( x)  x 2  x  4 and
H ( x)  f ( x)  g ( x) then solve the equation H ( x)  0 .

Style is a reflection of your attitude and your personality.

116
 2x  5
969. Find the set of values of x for which  3 , where
x 1

x .

1  cos y
970. If tan x  then show that y  2 x .
sin y

971. Solve the equation,

     
 cos  2 sin   sin   1  sin  2 cos   cos   0 .
 4   4 

972. For any triangle, in usual notation, if

cos A. cos B  sin A. sin B. sin C  1 then prove that

A  B and a : b : c  1 : 1 : 2 .

973. Given that the roots of the quadratic equation

 
k x 2  x  1  2 x  1 are real and positive, find the
range of values of k.

974. Let f ( x)  2 x 3  rx 2  12 x  7 , x  where   and

x   2 is a factor f (x) . Show that   1 and find the

value of r.
Arriving at one goal is the starting point to another.
117
975. Sketch the graph of y  x  1  2 .

Hence sketch the graph of y  x  1  2 in separate

diagram.
976. If f ( x)  x 6  5x 4  10 x 2  k , find the value of k for

which x  1 is a factor of f (x) .

977.  
Solve 2 2 x  3 2 x  4  0 .

978. Find the values of k such that the roots of the equation
4 x 2  2kx  3  k  0 are equal.

sin A  sin B A B
979. Prove that,  tan .
cos A  cos B 2

980. Solve simultaneously, the equations,

2 log y  log 2  log x and 2 y  4 x

981. If A  B  C   , show that

A B B C C A
tan tan  tan tan  tan tan  1 .
2 2 2 2 2 2
Hence or otherwise prove that,
A B C
tan 2  tan 2  tan 2  1 .
2 2 2
118
 Solve the following simple trigonometric equations
from 926 to 941 for x , in 0  x  2 .
1
982. sin x 
2

983. sin x  3
2
984. sin x  1
985. sin x  0
1
986. sin x  
2
1
987. sin x  
2
1
988. cos x 
2

3
989. cos x 
2
990. cos x  0
991. cos x  1

3
992. cos x  
2
1
993. cos x  
2
994. tan x  1

995. tan x  3

119
996. tan x  0

997. tan x   3

Solve the following simple trigonometric equations

from 942 to 964 in the given intervals.
1
998. sin x  ,  360 0  x  360 0
2
1
999. cos x   ,  360 0  x  360 0
2
1
1000. sin 2 x  , 0  x  360 0
2

3
1001. cos 2 x  , 0  x  360 0
2
1
1002. sin 3x  , 0  x  180 0
2
1
1003. sin 2 x  , 0  x  2
2
x 1
1004. tan  ,  180 0  x  180 0
5 3
1
1005. tan 4 x  ,   x  
3
1006. tan 2 x  1,    x  
1007. tan 3x   3 ,    x  2

120
 
1008. sin x  45 0   1
2
,  180 0  x  360 0


1009. sin x  90 0   2
3
,  180 0  x  180 0


1010. cos 2 x  60 0   1
2
,  180 0  x  360 0


1011. tan x  
3
 1
3
,  2  x  2


1012. tan 3x  
6
 3 ,   x  


1013. sin x  30 0   2
3
,  1800  x  3600


1014. sin x  90 0   2
3
,  3600  x  3600


1015. sin x  60 0   2
3
,  3600  x  3600


1016. tan x  30 0   1
,  1800  x  3600
3

 
1017. cot x  60 0  3 ,  1800  x  1800


1018. sec x  
3
 2
3
,  2  x  2


1019. cos ec x  
3
  1 ,    x  2

1020. tan x  
3
  1 ,  4  x  4
121
 Write the general solutions for  of each of the
following simple trigonometric equations.
Write your answers in their simplest form.
1
1021. sin 2 
2
3
1022. sin 5 
2
1
1023. sin 7 
5
1
1024. cos 2 
3
1
1025. tan 3 
3
1026. tan 6  1


1027. sin 5   3  12

1028. sin 7  
2
 2
3


1029. cos 2   5  13

1030. tan 6  
2
  14
 3   12
1031. sin   

1032. cos 2     1

6
122
  6 1
1033. cos 4  

1034. cos 7     1

6


1035. sin 4   3  12
1
1036. tan 8 
5


1037. cos 5  
3
 1
2


1038. sec 4    2 3

1039. cos ec 6     1

3


1040. cot 2  
4
 1
3


1041. sec 4  
3
 1
1042. cos ec 4   3
 2
3


1043. cot 5  
3
 3


1044. 2 sin 4   3  13

1045. 5 cos 5  
6
 1
3


1046. 4 cos 5  
6
 5
3
123
1047. 
3 tan 6  
2
  94
1048. 
2 tan 6   3  85

1049. 5 3 tan 6  
4
  72
1050. 
7 tan 5   6  494
1051. 5 3 cot 6     1
2

1052. 5 sin 12     2

4

1053. 3 cos ec 2     4

4

1054. 
6 tan 6     94
2

1055. 4 2 sec6     7
2
 5 
1056. 7 sin    6
 4 

Set your goals high, and don't stop till you get there.
124
Short Notes

Each day, you come in with a positive attitude, trying to get

better.

125
Short Notes

Great works are performed not by strength but by

perseverance.
126
Short Notes

Even death is not to be feared by one who has lived wisely

127
 Mahinda Rajapakse
B.Sc. Engineering (University of Moratuwa)
P.G. Diploma in Industrial Mathematics
(University of Sri Jayewardenapura)
[email protected]
77 20 77777

128