CHAPTER 2: THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD Internet the entire time it is powered on.

Examples of
WIDE WEB broadband Internet service include the following:
• Cable Internet service provides high-speed
The Internet (aka Net) Internet access through the cable television network
via a cable modem.
 is a worldwide collection of networks that • DSL (digital subscriber line) provides high-speed
links millions of businesses, government Internet connections using regular telephone lines.
agencies, educational institutions, and • Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) uses fiber-optic
individuals? cable to provide high-speed Internet access to
 widely used research tool, providing society with home and business users.
access to global information and instant • Fixed wireless provides high-speed Internet
communications. connections using a dish-shaped antenna on your
house or business to communicate with a tower
Note: The World Wide Web, or simply the Web, and location via radio signals.
e-mail are two of the more widely used Internet • A Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) network uses radio
services signals to provide high-speed Internet connections
to wireless computers and devices.
The Internet has its roots in a networking project • A cellular radio network offers high-speed
started by an agency of the U.S. Department of Internet connections to devices with built-in
Defense. compatible technology or computers with wireless
modems.
The goal was to build a network that • Satellite Internet service provides high-speed
Internet connections via satellite to a satellite
(1) allowed scientists at different locations to share dish that communicates with a satellite modem.
information and work together on military and
scientific projects and Dial-up access
(2) could function even if part of the network were  takes place when the modem in your computer
disabled or destroyed by a disaster such as a nuclear connects to the Internet via a standard telephone
attack. line that transmits data and information using an
analog (continuous wave pattern) signal.
That network, called ARPANET, became functional
in September 1969, linking scientific and academic Access provider
researchers across the United States.  is a business that provides individuals and
organizations access to the Internet free or for a
The original ARPANET consisted of four main fee.
computers, one each located at the University of
California at Los Angeles, the University of California ISP (Internet service provider)
at Santa Barbara, the Stanford Research Institute, - regional or national access provider
and the University of Utah. OSP (Online service provider)
- has many members-only features such as
Each of these computers served as a host on the instant messaging or their own customized
network. A host or server is any computer that version of a Web browser. The two more
provides services and connections to other popular OSPs are AOL (America Online) and
computers on a network. MSN (Microsoft Network).
Wireless Internet service provider,
By 1984, ARPANET had more than 1,000 individual - aka wireless data provider, is a company that
computers linked as hosts. provides wireless Internet access to
computers and mobile devices.
Note: No single person, company, institution, or
government agency controls or owns the Internet. Internet backbone
- major carriers of network traffic
Connecting to the Internet
With broadband Internet service, your computer or IP address, (Internet Protocol address)
mobile device usually is connected to the  is a number that uniquely identifies each
computer or device connected to the Internet.
 usually consists of four groups of numbers, each  refers to the first page that a Web site displays.
separated by a period.  provides information about the Website’s
 In general, the first portion of each IP address purpose and content. Often it provides
identifies the network, and the last portion connections to other documents, Web pages, or
identifies the specific computer. Websites, which can be downloaded to a
computer or mobile device.
A domain name
 is the text version of an IP address. As with an IP Downloading
address, the components of a domain name are  is the process of a computer or device receiving
separated by periods. information, such as a Web page, from a server
on the Internet.

Web Addresses
A Web page has a unique address, which is called a
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) or Web address.
 consists of a protocol, domain name, and
sometimes the path to a specific Web page or
a top-level domain (TLD), which is the last section of location on a Web page.
the domain name.
Bookmark (favorite)
The World Wide Web (WWW) (Web)  is a saved Web address that you access by
 a widely used service on the Internet, consists of clicking the bookmark name in a list
a worldwide collection of electronic documents.

Web page
 Each electronic document on the Web, contain
text, graphics, animation, audio, and video.
 usually have built-in connections to other
documents.

Web site
 is a collection of related Web pages and
associated items, such as documents and
pictures, stored on a Web server.
Navigating Web Pages
Web server
A link, short for hyperlink, is a built-in connection to
 is a computer that delivers requested Web pages
another related Web page or part of a Web page.
to your computer.
Links allow you to obtain information in a nonlinear
Some industry experts use the term Web 2.0 to refer
way.
to Web sites that provide a means for users to share
personal information (such as social networking Web
That is, instead of accessing topics in a specified
sites), allow users to modify Web site content (such
order, you move directly to a topic of interest.
as wikis, which are discussed later in this chapter),
and have application software built into the site for
Branching from one related topic to another in a
visitors to use (such as e-mail and word processing
nonlinear fashion is what makes links so powerful.
programs).
A link can be text or an image. Text links may be
Web browser (safari, google chrome, internet
underlined and/or displayed in a color different
explorer)
from other text on the Web page
 is application software that allows users to
access and view Web pages or access Web 2.0
Searching the Web
programs.
Two types of search tools are search engines and
subject directories.
Home page
1. search engine - is a program that finds Web sites, 12. Content aggregator - business that gathers and
Web pages, images, videos, news, maps, and other organizes Web content and then distributes, or feeds,
information related to a specific topic. the content to subscribers for free or a fee
- helpful in locating information for which you do not 13. Personal - private individual or family not
know an exact Web address or are not seeking a usually associated with any organization may
particular Web site. maintain a personal Web site

2. subject directory - classifies Web pages in an Multimedia on the Web

organized set of categories or groups, such as sports
or shopping, and related subcategories. Multimedia
- provides categorized lists of links arranged by  refers to any application that combines text with
subject. Using this search tool, you locate a particular graphics, animation, audio, video, and/or virtual
topic by clicking links through different levels, reality.
moving from the general to the specific.
Graphic (graphical image)
Note*: Search engines require that you enter a word  is a digital representation of non-text
or phrase, called search text, that describes the information such as a drawing, chart, or photo
item you want to find.
1. JPEG graphics
Types of Web Sites > is a format that compresses graphics to reduce their
1. Portal - Web site that offers a variety of Internet file size, which means the file takes up less storage
services from a single, convenient location space
2. News – contains newsworthy material including > The goal with JPEG graphics is to reach a balance
stories and articles relating to current events, life, between image quality and file size.
money, sports, and the weather > Digital photos often use the JPEG format.
3. Informational – contains factual information
4. Business/marketing - contains content that 2. GIF graphics
promotes or sells products or services > also use compression techniques to reduce file
5. Blog (Weblog) - informal Web site consisting of sizes. > The GIF format works best for images that
time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or journal have only a few distinct colors, such as company
format, usually listed in reverse chronological order logos.
5.1 video blog or vlog - contains video clips
5.2 microblog - allows users to publish short Thumbnail
messages, usually between 100 and 200 characters,  is a small version of a larger graphic. You usually
for others to read. Twitter is a popular microblog. can click a thumbnail to display a larger image.
5.3 blogosphere - refers to the worldwide
collection of blogs Animation
5.4 vlogosphere – refers to all vlogs worldwide.  is the appearance of motion created by
6. Wiki - collaborative Web site that allows users to displaying a series of still images in sequence.
create, add to, modify, or delete the Web site content Animation can make Web pages more visually
via their Web browser. interesting or draw attention to important
7. Online social network - Web site that encourages information or links.
members in its online community to share their Audio
interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos  includes music, speech, or any other sound.
with other registered users
8. Educational – offers exciting, challenging avenues MP3 format
for formal and informal teaching and learning Reduces an audio file to about one-tenth its original
9. Entertainment - offers an interactive and size while preserving much of the original quality of
engaging environment the sound.
10. Advocacy – contains content that describes a
cause, opinion, or idea Player
11. Web application - allows users to access and  listen to an audio file on your computer, you
interact with software through a Web browser on need special software.
any computer or device that is connected to the
Internet. Streaming
 is the process of transferring data in a 1. Plan a Web site: Think about issues that could
continuous and even flow. Streaming allows affect the design of the Web site.
users to access and use a file while it is 2. Analyze and design a Web site: Design the layout
transmitting. of elements of the Web site such as links, text,
graphics, animation, audio, video, and virtual reality.
3. Create a Web site: Use a word processing
Podcast program to create basic Web pages or Web page
 is recorded audio, usually an MP3 file, stored on authoring software to create more sophisticated Web
a Web site that can be downloaded to a computer sites.
or a portable media player such as an iPod 4. Deploy a Web site: Transfer the Web pages from
your computer to a Web server.
Video 5. Maintain a Web site: Ensure the Web site
 consists of images displayed in motion. contents remain current and all links work properly.

The Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) E-Commerce

 defines a popular video compression standard, a  short for electronic commerce, is a business
widely used one called MPEG-4 or MP4. transaction that occurs over an electronic
network such as the Internet. Anyone with access
Adobe Flash. to a computer or mobile device, an Internet
 As with streaming audio, streaming video allows connection, and a means to pay for purchased
you to view longer or live video images as they goods or services can participate in e-commerce.
download to your computer. Three types of e-commerce
1. business-to-consumer,
Virtual Reality Virtual reality (VR) 2. consumer-to-consumer,
 is the use of computers to simulate a real or 3. and business-to-business.
imagined environment that appears as a three-
dimensional (3-D) space. Other Internet Services
1. E-Mail - the transmission of messages and files via
Plug-ins a computer network.
 is a program that extends the capability of a 2. mailing lists - called an e-mail list or distribution
browser. You can download many plug-ins at no list, is a group of e-mail names and addresses given a
cost from various Web sites single name.
3. instant messaging - is a real-time Internet
communications service that notifies you when one
or
more people are online and then allows you to
exchange messages or files or join a private chat
room with them
*Real time - means that you and the people with
whom you are conversing are online at the same
time.
4. chat rooms - chat is a real-time typed
conversation that takes place on a computer. A chat
room is a location on an Internet server that permits
users to chat with each other.
5. VoIP (Voice over IP) - Internet telephony, enables
Web publishing
users to speak to other users over the Internet
 is the development and maintenance of Web
6. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) – an Internet
pages.
standard that permits the process of file uploading
and down- loading with other computers on the
For the small business or home user, Web publishing
Internet
is easy as long as you have the proper tools.
* Uploading - the process of transferring documents,
graphics, and other objects from your computer to a
The five major steps to Web publishing are as
server on the Internet.
follows:
7. newsgroups and message boards - A
newsgroup is an online area in which users have
written discussions about a particular subject
A popular Web-based type of discussion group that
does not require a newsreader is a message board
Netiquette
which is short for Internet etiquette, is the code of
acceptable behaviors users should follow while on
the Internet; that is, it is the conduct expected of
individuals while online.