MODULE 4 -

ORGANIZATION/BUSINESS Dr. Tuan Truong

ARCHITECTURE
 CONTENTS
Organization structure
Supply chain operation references
Value chain model
Business process architecture (BPA)
WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY
ABOUT ORGANIZATION
STRUCTURE AND
ARCHITECTURE IN THIS
CLASS?
TWO TYPE OF ORGANIZATIONAL Centralize vs decentralize
STRUCTURE
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE – HIERARCHY
An organizational structure is a
system that outlines how
certain activities are directed
in order to achieve the goals
of an organization. These
activities can include rules,
roles, and responsibilities. The
organizational structure also
determines how information
flows between levels within the
company.

Hierarchy structure
MATRIX STRUCTURE
In a Matrix organizational
structure, the reporting
relationships are set up as a
grid, or matrix, rather than in
the traditional hierarchy. It is a
type of organizational
management in which people
with similar skills are pooled
for work assignments, resulting
in more than one manager to
report to
FLAT STRUCTURE

This is an organizational chart type

mostly adopted by small companies
and start-ups in their early stage. It’s
almost impossible to use this model
for larger companies with many
projects and employees
 NETWORK STRUCTURE
Network organizational
structure helps visualize
both internal and
external relationships
between managers and
top-level management.

giảm chi phí quản lý doanh nghiệp

tính linh hoạt cao
chất lượng đảm bảo
lưu ý tính bảo mật
DIVISIONAL STRUCTURE
Within a divisional types of
organizational charts has its
own division which
corresponds to either
products or geographies.
Each division contains the
necessary resources and
functions needed to support
the product line and
geography.
LINE STRUCTURE
Line organizational structure is
one of the simplest types of
organizational structures. Its
authority flows from top to
bottom. Unlike other structures,
specialized and supportive
services do not take place in
these organizations.
TEAM-BASED yêu cầu mangager cần có cách quản lý và chuyên môn cao

STRUCTURE

Team-based organizational structures are made of teams working towards a common goal while working on their individual tasks.
They are less hierarchical and they have flexible structures that reinforce problem-solving, decision-making and teamwork.
 MINI PROJECT– STAGE 1 & 2
This is a series assignment with 4 stages and 1
explanation document!!!
Your group is about open a store
➢What are the specific tasks to be accomplished by your
shop’s employees?
➢How many employees do you need?
➢Draw an organization chart based on employee tasks
(incl. management tasks). Each position on the chart will
perform specific tasks or be responsible for particular
outcomes.
➢Should the chart resemble a pyramid, a wheel with hub
and rim, or rather a network(use structure in previous
slide)? Why?
SO, WHAT IS A BUSINESS
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
is a general description of a system. It identifies its
purpose, vital functions, active elements, and critical
processes and defines the nature of the interaction
among them.
 BUSINESS SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE MODEL
Value chain model – Michael Porter PRO3 Model

lquan trực
tiếp KH
 BUSINESS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE MODEL

ZACHMAN Framework
https://www.zachman.com/resources/ea-articles-reference/327-the-framework-
Read more about TOGAF model for-enterprise-architecture-background-description-and-utility-by-john-a-zachman
 ➢Firm as series of activities that
add value to products or
services
➢Highlights activities where
competitive strategies can best
be applied: Primary activities
vs. support activities
➢At each stage, determine how
information systems can
improve operational efficiency
and improve customer and
supplier intimacy
➢Utilize benchmarking, industry
best practices
VALUE CHAIN MODEL
 EXAMPLE OF
VALUE CHAIN
 ANOTHER
EXAMPLE OF
ORGANIZATIONAL
VALUE CHAIN
BUSINESS
ARCHITECTURE MODELS
Supply chain operation
reference (SCOR) model - a
three-level model. They treated
the value chain as Level 0, and
treated a given supply chain as
Level 1. They subdivided a
supply chain into four major
subprocesses: source, make,
deliver, and return.
 Process architecture is the
structural design of general
process systems.
is a visual, hierarchical
model of the processes of an
organization. It is a critical
business blueprint that
guides decision-makers and
executes strategy

PROCESS ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLE OF PROCESS ARCHITECTURE
 BUSINESS
PROCESS
ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN
EXERCISE 2.1

Choose a business process

architecture design and draw a
process architecture of an
organization
 A GUIDELINE TO CREATE BPA
➢Identify the scope
➢Identify related stakeholders
➢Define lifecycle processes
➢Organizing and
consolidating level 2
processes
 Business process scorecard
 Multiple value streams

➢Comprehensive list of level 1

and 2 for an organization
 EXERCISE 2.2
Pick an organization and redraw its business process architecture (using the BPA
guidelines).
 DISCUSSION TOPIC Topic Group

-Pick one of 1. Work specialization – To what degree should work tasks in an organization be subdivided
into separate jobs? How well should these jobs be defined? 1
the following
and prepare 2. Hierarchy – Should there be many layers of management (tall hierarchy) or few (flat 2
hierarchy)? What are the implications in terms of communication, employees’ motivation and
for the next staff costs?
class 3
3. Span of Control – How many subordinates should a single manager / supervisor be
discussion. responsible for?
4
-Remember 4. Chain of command – To whom should a given individual or group report with respect to their
to give work? Should there be unity of command? 5
example and
analyze 5. Departmentalization – Should jobs be grouped within departments whose staff share a
common expertise (functional); or according to the product or service they offer, the
6
geographical area they operate in, the type of customer they serve, or some other basis?
6. Formalization – To what degree should written rules, operating procedures, job-descriptions, 7
organizational charts, and formal, written communication be used?

7. Centralization – Should decisions be made at the top of the company or should decision
making be delegated to the lower managers in the organizational hierarchy? – Advantages
and disadvantages