ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

The Impact of Poverty on the New Educational

System and the Academic Performances of Senior

High School Students Around

A Research Project: Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department

Arellano University - Plaridel Campus

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Track/Strand of

Academic/ Humanities and Social Sciences

By:

Dela Cruz. Akisha

Queigan. Ma Angela Denice
Tabadero. Christian James
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

FEBRUARY 2022

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Poverty is being incapable of meeting the common needs of people within their everyday

lifestyle such as needs in the house and education. There are many reasons that are rooted

in poverty and one of its reasons are mismanagement in the country under its jurisdiction

or corruption and lack of attention to education. According to the borgen project (2021)

Poverty in the Philippines has been spreading longer than in its neighboring countries in

Southeast Asia. And even though the number of poverty in our country has continued to

decrease over the years there is still 21.6 percent of the population still living in poverty.

And now that the education system has changed it has become more difficult for almost

everyone, especially for students who are barely able to finance their school needs due to
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

poverty. Virtual learning has become the alternative of Deped and Ched as a new learning

system for all of us. The reason is that students and teachers can still continue the whole

school year without physically interacting with people and to maintain our safety. But not

everyone has been able to keep up with the new education system. Due to the lack of

preparation and resources required in virtual learning, most of the students temporarily

stopped studying and while the other students continued to study, it has not been easy in

general because it had a significant impact on their academic performances. According to

(National Association of Secondary School Principals, 2021. Para 4) Students from Low-

income families typically have fewer resources to complete a school task, study or be

able to engage in school activities that will pave the way for them to finish their schools.

And many underprivileged families do not have the ability to access computers and high-

speed internet, "(only three-quarters of households have high-speed broadband)", or have

the capacity to have other needs of students outside of school.

This is also what senior high school students are experiencing now especially as they are

close to college. The new education system has become more difficult for them because

apart from the difficulties we are facing, there are also school activities that require effort,

money, a good place and complete technology to keep up the class, but not everyone is

able to adapt themselves to the new system of education. And such deficiencies and needs

of every senior high school student have a negative impact on their school performances
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

that will reflect on their future. Senior high school is one of the most important levels of

our education because it prepares us to be responsible and productive citizens of our

country. Therefore, it would be better if the government would pay more attention and

assistance to senior high school students.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.) What are the disadvantages of studying under the new education system while
students are on the poverty line?
2.) 2. How does poverty affect the academic performances of senior high school
students?
3.) What are the implementations that the researchers are going to conduct?

(PROJECT)

I. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

INPUT

It is important for us to
know the other
experiences of the
students today to serve
as not just data but to
also able to help them
and motivate us.

Paradigm of the Study

II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

Education and poverty: a critical review of theory, policy and practice by: RAFFO

Carlo, (2007)

According to (RAFFO, et al; 2007). The goal of this systematic review was to map the

literature on the relationship between education and poverty, rather than to cover it in

depth. It is organized around two main theoretical explanations: that education is

inherently "good" (sentence, 3) for society and that a variety of barriers (personal and

social) (para. 1 sentence 2) must be overcome in order for everyone to benefit; and that

education contains inequities that systematically marginalize or privilege certain groups.

The overall conclusion is that while there is no "magic" ( para 1. Sentence 4) bullet, this

conceptually-oriented assessment can assist policymakers in developing a more coherent

and integrated response to this key policy issue. The association between poverty and

poor educational performance has piqued policymakers' attention in the United Kingdom,

particularly in England. Successive educational policies have failed to have the desired

effect on the relationship. One issue is that, while there is broad agreement that poverty

and poor educational achievements are associated, there is less consensus on why this is

so. The goal of this review is to clarify what the research literature says about

explanations in order to assist policymakers.

 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign Literature

According to Jonah Edelman 2017, The impact of poverty on a child’s academic success

is significant and starts early. in a statement by Watson Scott Swail 2017, For many

young people the financial situation of their families and their experience in resource-

poor K-12 schools has a lasting impact on their ability to attend and succeed in

postsecondary education .On the other hand, Edelman 2017 believes that To address the

myriad of issues that can be associated with poverty we must invest in high-quality early

education and the necessary supports in the public K-12 system. Kati Haycock, president

and CEO of The Education Trust 2017, agrees that there are unintentionally high levels of

child poverty in the U.S. poses major challenges for educators and However he believes

that the current education system exacerbates many of those issues.For Edelman 2017,

there is no single quick solution for such a complex issue involving poverty and

education But he says there are factors that can help.

Local Literature

For most of these poor households, only about 60% of the family members have

education up to elementary school. ... This can be a major stumbling block, as it inhibits
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

their ability to reach their full potential, thereby damaging their chances of proper

education.

Out of seven children, only four students can graduate because of poverty and only the

four students can go to university

As of 2018, a quarter of the 105 million Philippine population lived in poverty, that is,

over 26 million people. Through various anti-poverty programs, such as the

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform, and the Social Reform Agenda, the Philippines has

been through a long battle to improve those statistics.

Despite these governmental efforts, the process of preventing poverty affect education in

the Philippines has been slow

Due to inadequate care and proper education, many Filipino children take to the streets to

work and earn money for themselves and their families.

They are searching for a means of survival. Even though there are a lot of programs to

prevent poverty there are still a lot of children who can’t go to school. These children see

prostitution and other forms of harmful activities as an easy route out of their current

predicament.

Foreign tourists and locals alike use these children as child prostitutes to either satisfy

their needs or that of their clients.

 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

Child trafficking is something that people do to earn money and to survive in their life a

lot of innocent children face it. This is a major concern for the government to protect the

children (By j92545 | January 7, 2020)

Foreign Study

(According to Parrett and Budge, January 13. 2016). There are four factors that affect

poverty, and these are “health and well -being, limited literacy and language

development, access to material resources, and level of mobility”. Poverty affects a

variety of health issues of a student such as inability to access treatment, malnutrition,

and the physical and mental health of the student. It says in part on language and

literacy development. Often students from poverty are slower to be able to read fast

and become fluent in a language and their development is also slower. When it comes

to material resources, it is said that families in poverty have difficulty finding the right

resources for in their learning, all their needs and abilities are only limited. And the last

one is mobility. It is said that not having a stable residence can have a negative impact

on a student’s academic and social impact (para.4)

Local Study
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

In the new normal learning system, students learn and study by using a medium which

they also use for browsing social media platforms. The aim of this research is to know if

the students’ use of social media platforms affects their academic performance in the new

normal learning system. The answer to this study might be helpful for developing new

learning methods that will be effective in the new normal setting. To find the answer, the

researchers used a sample size of 53 students in a private school in the City of Marilao,

Bulacan during the school year 2020-2021. The primary data gathering tool used in the

study was a standardized questionnaire Social Media and Academic Performance

Questionnaire adapted from Peter Osharive (2015) on determining the effects of social

media platforms on students' academic performance. The data collected were analyzed

and treated statistically. Results showed that the social media platform does not

necessarily affect students' academic performance. Some students find social media

platforms helpful as it improves their reading and communication skills, while some

students find social media platforms a distraction from their studies. The researchers,

therefore, concluded that the result of this study only shows that students handle their

social media platforms in different ways. It is in their hands if they will let their usage of

social media platforms affect their academic performance in a productive or unproductive

way. This led the researchers to recommend schools to teach students the importance of

time management and balancing school works and other things

 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

METHODOLOGY

The part focuses on showing the process that the researchers used to conduct the

study. The researchers established a concrete plan to lead the study to the right direction.

The plan is significant because it will serve as the researcher's support to achieve the

study objective. The objective is also set within the researchers itself as the courage to

successfully finish the study.

I. RESEARCH DESIGN

The design we will use is the Descriptive Correlational Design. Descriptive research aims

to accurately and systematically describe a population situation or phenomenon. It can

answer the questions of what, where, when and how, but not why the questions. A

descriptive research design can use a wide variety of research methods to investigate one

or more variables.The correlational research design measures a relationship between two

variables without the researcher controlling either of them. It aims to find out whether

there is either positive correlation. Both variables change in the same direction.The

reason why we use this research design is because it fits our research because our goal is

to investigate what is the effect of our independent variable on the independent variables

as well as its relationship.

 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

II. RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The researcher's selected (15) respondents to participate in our research. The

number of students who will participate in our survey is enough to get the answer we are

looking for. The respondents are from grade 11 and grade 12 and the researcher's will

also base their learning modality which will be the basis of the questions that will be

given to the selected respondents.

And the researchers chose Convenience Sampling because it was the most compatible

with our research and the easiest way to quickly disseminate the survey. Researchers will

select only respondents who are able to answer the questions and have sufficient time to

complete the survey.

III. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researchers chose the likert scale as the method for the respondents to answer

the questions we will prepare, on the other hand we will use the g-form to place the

questions and we will distribute it through messenger.

 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

IV. STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

⮚ Percentage Formula

F (100)
P=
N

This formula that the researchers used to obtain the weighted mean of the minor

questions. P stands for percentage, F stands for frequency, N stands for the number of

respondents.

⮚ Weighted Mean Formula

❑
∑
❑
❑W ∙ X
X – 15= ❑
∑
❑
❑W

❑
This is the formula that the researchers used to obtain the weighted mean. ∑ ❑W ∙ X is
❑

the number of respondents which agree to the X⸱X stands for the value of the mean and
❑
∑
❑
❑W stands for the total respondents.
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The chapter shows the result of the survey conducted. The researchers analyzed and

interpreted the findings that was gathered from the respondents. Thus, the use of

tables and graphs to further explain the data gathered. The discussion is included on

each table and graph to show the interpretation.

GRAPH

This graph shows the number of percentages of the student’s grade level and their

learning modality.

Grade Level:

26.67%

73.33%.
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

GRADE LEVEL

GRADE 12- 73.33%

GRADE 11- 26.67%

Learning modality:

LEARNING MODALITY
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

ONLINE LEARNING-86%

MODULARS-13%

BLENDED- 1%

Number 1: (Minor Question)

Table 1.Does poverty affect students as they enter the online class?

Minor questions/ number of reponds per scale 5-1 (strongly agree to strongly

disagree)

Questions 5 4 3 2 1 W.1 V.1

1. Having 4 6 3 0 1 4
difficulty
adjusting
to the
new
education
system
due to the
lack of
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

requirem
ents for
online
classes.

2.Being 4 7 0 4 0 4 SA
inconsiste
nt in
attending
online
classes
because
of not
having
enough
budget
for the
internet.

3. Having 5 6 3 0 1 3.73 MA
difficulty
finding a
place for
an online
class
because
there is
no proper
home and
little
space.

4. Don’t 4 4 1 6 0 3.4 A
have
enough
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

time for
online
classes or
work
modules
because
you have
to go to
work or
earn a
living.

5. Moved 3 3 4 3 2 3.14 A
or
enrolled
in
modular
because
there was
no proper
gadget
and
budget
for the
online
class.
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

Table 2. Can poverty be the reason for the poor performance of students in their

academics?

1. Having 8 4 2 0 1 3.36 MA
a difficult
time
understa
nding the
lesson
because
of a lack
of
knowledg
e due to
not
attending
the online
class
often.
2. Grades
are
always
low due
to non

2. Grades
are
always
low due
to non -
attendanc
e for
online
schoolers
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

and non -
passing
modules
for
modulars.

3. Lack of 5 3 1 4 1 3.26 A
focus on
learning
due to
facing
problems
such as
financial.

4. Unable 6 5 2 1 1 3.93 MA
to pass on
time
because
there are
no
materials
required
in the
given
task.

5. 5 4 3 0 2 4.96 A
Students
who live
in
poverty
are
falling
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

further

Table 3.Does the new learning system is in favor for the students who are in the

poverty line?

1. The 6 7 2 0 0 4.26 MA
students
along the
poverty
line will
be
further
affected if
the new
education
al system
continues

2. The 1 5 4 3 1 3 A
new
education
al system
is easier
for
students
who are
in the
poverty
line.
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

3. Stop 7 1 0 6 1 3.93 MA
studying
temporar
ily
because
there is
no ability
to
provide
proper
equipmen
t such as
gadgets
and etc
needed in
the online
class.

4. 6 2 4 2 1 3.53 MA
Difficult
to keep
up with
the online
class/mod
ules due
to not
always
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

having
the
budget
for the
daily
needs for
new
learning
systems.

5. Having 6 1 3 5 0 3.66 MA
difficulty
participat
ing in the
new
education
system
due to
lack of
money.

TABLE 1

In minor question 1. Most of the respondents answered strongly agree to agree

which means that almost all the respondents agree that poverty affects students as

they enter virtual learning/modules for various reasons.

 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

TABLE 2

In the second minor question, it was asked whether poverty can affect the academic

performance of senior high school students, leading to moderately agree as

respondents.

TABLE 3.

And to the last question. When we asked whether the new learning system was in

favor of students who are on the poverty line, moderately agree took the lead in the

respondents’ answer.

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

This chapter serves as the finalization of all the data gathered by the researchers.

The researchers gave part on the interpretation of results on the previous chapter. The

findings of the researchers greatly helped in understanding the perspective of the

respondents. The objective of this chapter is to show the overall analysis of data where

the researchers would give the elaboration of suggestions and comments of the

respondents pertaining to the research project. Moreover, the researchers recommend the

study to factors that would gain benefit.

 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

REASON FOR CHOOSING THE RESEARCH

With the onset of the pandemic, many have changed our way of life and our education

system is one of them. It is no longer limited to our knowledge that the number of

poverty in our country is still high due to various reasons and it has affected education,

and now that we are in virtual learning and since the beginning of the pandemic many

people have lost their jobs. so the beginning of the new education system has become

more difficult for many people, especially students. We have chosen to do this research to

find out and show how poverty affects students in the new system and their academics

and thus also pay attention to senior high school students who are currently experiencing

poverty.

In addition to our reason why we chose this research is because even though governments

are paying attention to the impact of poverty on people's education the only thing we

usually see is from elementary to high school, and we researchers believe that each

increase in the level of an estuary's education is also the magnitude of the effect of

poverty on students due to the needs of people.

I. CONCLUSION
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

Throughout the research the researchers obtained the data we needed in our research as

well as the availability of additional information about the continuing prevalence of

poverty that has a huge impact on senior highschool students. And in conducting survey

research, the answer we got was that large number of senior highschool students were

affected due to poverty in conjunction with the change in the education system.therefore,

the results of this study indicate that the new education system has a significant impact on

students in the poverty line, thus affecting their academic performance due to the lack of

equipment in the school.

RECOMMENDATION

We recommend for future researchers is to further expand the scope of research

regarding the impact of poverty on the education of students up to college and ALS, and

now that we are in the new system of education we can also recommend having more

more information could help in this research, and lastly may future researchers fill even

more gaps in this research.

REFERENCES:

Edutopia.2016, How Does Poverty Influence Education? Available at:

https://www.edutopia.org/blog/how-does-poverty-influence-learning-william-parrett-kathleen-
budge
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PLARIDEL CAMPUS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

Google Scholar. 2021, The Impact of Poverty in the New Learning Academic Performances of
Senior Highschool. Available at:

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=the+Impact+of+poverty+in+new+learning+academic+performance+se
nior+high+school&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DDYl_wGDuDCwJ

National Association of Secondary School Principals. 2021,Poverty And it's Impact on Student's
Education. Available at:

https://www.nassp.org/poverty-and-its-impact-on-students-education/

Next Stepph. 2020, How poverty Affects Education in the Philippines. Available at:

https://nextstepph.com/how-poverty-affects-the-education-in-the-philippines/

Social Care Online.2007. Education and poverty: a critical review of theory, policy and practice.
Available at:

https://www.scie-socialcareonline.org.uk/education-and-poverty-a-critical-review-of-theory-
policy-and-practice/r/a11G00000017siXIAQ?
fbclid=IwAR1BRRdTsUx7_8U4aBrY5yfUpabr4JBPismuaDD1AxWiiTAFhfzllRlHxSQ