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9
MATHEMATICS 9
Quarter 1 – Week 3
The Nature of the Roots of the Quadratic Equations
The Sum and Product of the Roots of Quadratic Equations

Self-Learning Module

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LESSON 3 The Nature of the Roots

Quadratic Equations
LET’S EXPLORE YOUR UNDERSTANDING!
Let us start Lesson 3 by assessing your knowledge of the different
mathematical concepts previously studied. These knowledge and
skills will help you understand the nature of the roots of quadratic
equations.

Activity 1: What’s My Value?

Evaluate the expression 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 given the following values of 𝒂, 𝒃, and 𝒄.
Answer numbers 1,3 and 5.
Value of 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
1. 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 5, 𝑐 = 4 _______________
2. 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 1, 𝑐 = −21 _______________
3. 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 4, 𝑐 = 1 _______________
4. 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −2, 𝑐 = −2 _______________
5. 𝑎 = 9, 𝑏 = 0, 𝑐 = 16 _______________

Were you able to evaluate the expression 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 given the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and
𝑐? What do you think is the importance of the expression 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 in determining
the nature of the roots of quadratic equations?

LET’S FIRM UP YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

Now, you will learn more about quadratic equations. Before doing
the next activities, read and understand first some important notes the
nature of the roots of quadratic equations.
The Nature of the Roots of Quadratic Equations
The value of the expression 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 is called the discriminant of the
quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐. This value can be used to describe the nature
of the roots of a quadratic equation. It can be zero, positive and perfect square,
positive but not perfect square or negative.
1. When 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 is equal to zero, then the roots are real numbers and are
equal.
Example: Describe the roots of 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 0.
Solution:
The given quadratic equation is already in its standard form
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐. The values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 in the equation are:
𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −4, 𝑐 = 4. So,
𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (−4)2 − 4(1)(4)
= 16 − 16
= 𝟎 Since 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 is equal to zero,
then the roots are real and equal.

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2. When 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 is greater than zero (or a positive number) and a

perfect square, then the roots are rational but are not equal.
Example: Describe the roots of 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 10 = 0.
Solution:
The given quadratic equation is already in its standard form
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐. The values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 in the equation are:
𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 7, 𝑐 = 10. So,
𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (7)2 − 4(1)(10)
= 49 − 40
= 𝟗 Since 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 is a positive
number and a perfect square,
then the roots are rational and
unequal.
3. When 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 is greater than zero (or a positive number) but not a
perfect square, then the roots are irrational and are not equal.
Example: Describe the roots of 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 3 = 0.
Solution:
The given quadratic equation is already in its standard form
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐. The values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 in the equation are: 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 =
2

6, 𝑐 = 3. So,
𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (6)2 − 4(1)(3)
= 36 − 12
= 𝟐𝟒 Since 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 is a positive
number but not a perfect square,
then the roots are irrational and
unequal.
4. When 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 is less than zero (or a negative number), then quadratic
2

equation has no real roots.

Example: Describe the roots of 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 5 = 0.
Solution:
The given quadratic equation is already in its standard form
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐. The values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 in the equation are: 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 =
2

2, 𝑐 = 5. So,
𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (2)2 − 4(1)(5)
= 4 − 20
= −𝟏𝟔 Since 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 is a negative
number, then the quadratic
equation has no real roots.

Learn more about Solving Quadratic equations by using the Quadratic Formula
through the WEB. Here are suggested links:
http://www.analyzemath.com/Equations/Quadratic-1.html
http://www.icoachmath.com/math_dictionary/discriminant.html

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Now that you have learned about the discriminant and how it determines
the nature of the roots of quadratic equations, you are ready to perform the
succeeding activities.

LET’S DEEPEN YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

Your goal in the next part is to apply the key concepts of the
discriminant of the quadratic equation. Use the mathematical ideas
and examples presented to answer the activities provided.

Activity 2: What Is My Nature?

Determine the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equations using
the discriminant. Answer numbers 2,4,6,8 and 10.
Discriminant Nature of the Roots of the Quadratic
Equation

1. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 = 0 __________ ________________________________________

2. 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 20 = 0 __________ ________________________________________

3. 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 8 = 0 __________ ________________________________________

4. 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 10 = 0 __________ ________________________________________

5. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 3 = 0 __________ ________________________________________

6. 2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 4 = 0 __________ ________________________________________

7. 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 = −4 __________ ________________________________________

8. 9𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = −9 __________ ________________________________________

9. 9𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = −9 __________ ________________________________________

10. 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0 __________ ________________________________________

Were you able to determine the nature of the roots of the given quadratic
equations given in the activity? I know you did!

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LET’S TRANSFER YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

Your goal in this next section is apply your learning to real-life

situations. Demonstrate your understanding of the discriminant of
a quadratic equation by doing the next activity.

Activity 3: How Well Did You Understand?

A. Directions: Study the situation below and answer the questions that
follow. Answer letter b and d.

Mang Jose wants to make a table which has an area of 6 m 2.

The length of the table has to be 1 m longer than the width.

a. If the width of the table is p meters, what will be its length?

b. Form a quadratic equation that represents the situation.

c. Without actually computing for the roots, determine whether the

dimensions of the table are rational numbers. Explain.

d. Give the dimensions of the table.

B. Cite two or more real-life situations where the discriminant of a

quadratic equation is being applied.

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LESSON 4 The Sum and Product of the Roots

of Quadratic Equations

LET’S EXPLORE YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

Let us start Lesson 4 by assessing your knowledge of the different

mathematical concepts previously studied. These knowledge and
skills will help you understand the sum and product of the roots of
quadratic equations.

Activity 1: Let’s Do Addition and Multiplication!

Perform the indicated operation, then answer the questions that follow.
Answer numbers 1, 3 and 5.
1. 7 + 15 = __________ 4. (−6) (−12) = __________
−3 2
2. −9 + 14 = __________ 5. ( ) ( ) = __________
7 5

3. (−4) (7) = __________

Were you able to perform each indicated operation correctly? In the next part,
you will learn more about the sum and products of the roots of quadratic
equations. You will be able to understand the relation of the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐
of a quadratic equation with the sum and product of its roots. But first, do the
following activity.

Activity 2: Relate Me To My Roots!

Directions: Use the quadratic equations below to answer the questions that

Follow. Answer number 1.b and number 2.b.

x2+7x +1 =0 2x2- 3x - 2 =0
2 0

1. What are the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 in each equation?

a. 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 12 = 0 𝑎 = _____, 𝑏 = _____, 𝑐 = _____
b. 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 20 = 0 𝑎 = _____, 𝑏 = _____, 𝑐 = _____

2. Determine the roots of each quadratic equation using any method.

a. 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 12 = 0 First Root = _________ Second Root = _________
b. 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 20 = 0 First Root = _________ Second Root = ________

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3. Complete the following table.

QUADRATIC SUM OF ROOTS PRODUCT OF ROOTS
EQUATION 𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐 𝑿𝟏 ∙ 𝑿𝟐
𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 12 = 0 -7 12

2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 20 = 0

4. What do you observe about the sum and product of the roots of each
quadratic equation in relation to the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐?

5. Do you think a quadratic equation can be determined given its roots or

solutions? Explain your answer briefly.

LET’S FIRM UP YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

Now, you will learn more about the sum and product of
quadratic equations. Before doing the next activities, read and
understand first the following important notes.

THE SUM AND PRODUCT OF THE ROOTS OF A

QUADRATIC EQUATION
Remember that the roots of a quadratic equation can be determined using
the quadratic formula. Let us now find the sum and product of these roots.

Sum of the Roots of Quadratic Equation

The sum of the roots of quadratic equation could also be written as:

−𝒃
𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐 =
𝒂
.

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Product of the Roots of Quadratic Equation

𝒄
The sum of the roots of quadratic equation could also be written as 𝑿𝟏 ∙ 𝑿𝟐 =
𝒂
Examples:
1. Find the sum and the product of the roots of 2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 10 − 0.
Solution:
The values of a, b, and c in the equation are 2, 8, and -10, respectively.
−𝑏 −(8)
Sum of the roots: 𝑋1+𝑋2 = = = −𝟒
𝑎 2

𝑐 −10
Product of the roots: 𝑋1 ∙ 𝑋2 = 𝑎 = = −𝟓
2

Thus, the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation 2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 10 − 0 is −4 and

the product of its roots is −5.
Now there are instances when we are given only the sum and product of the
roots. Regardless, one can still determine the quadratic equation. Study each
method and decide which one is easier for you to use.

2. Determine the quadratic equation whose roots are 5 and 12.

Solution:
Method 1: 𝑋1 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋2 = 12 𝑥 − 5 = 0, 𝑥 − 12 = 0
(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 12) = 0
Quadratic equation: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟕𝒙 + 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟎
Method 2: 𝑋1 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋2 = 12

Sum of the Roots: Product of the Roots:

𝑋1 + 𝑋2 = 5 + 12 = 17 𝑋1 ∙ 𝑋2 = 5 ∙ 12 = 60
−𝑏 𝑏 𝑐
𝑋1 + 𝑋2 = = 17, or getting the opposite value, = −17 𝑋1 ∙ 𝑋2 = = 60
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎

𝑏 𝑐
Quadratic equation: 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + = 0
𝑎 𝑎

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟕𝒙 + 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟎

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LET’S DEEPEN YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

Your goal in the next part is to apply the key concepts of the sum
and product of the quadratic equations. Use the mathematical ideas
and examples presented to answer the activities provided.

Activity 3: This is My Sum and This is My Product.

A. Directions: Use the values of a, b, and c of each of the following
quadratic equation in determining the sum and product of its roots.
Answer numbers 1, 3 and 5. SUM PRODUCT
1. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 = 0 _________________ ________________
2. 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 18 = 0 _________________ ________________
3. 𝑥2 + 4𝑥 − 21 = 0 _________________ ________________
4. 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 _________________ ________________
5. 3𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 8 = 0 _________________ ________________

B. Write the quadratic equation given the following roots. Answer numbers
1, 3 and 5.
ROOTS QUADRATIC EQUATION

1. 𝑋1 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋2 = 9 ______________________________________

2. 𝑋1 = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋2 = 10 ______________________________________

3. 𝑋1 = −8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋2 = −10 ______________________________________

4. 𝑋1 = −9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋2 = 0 ______________________________________

−2 3
5. 𝑋1 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋2 = ______________________________________
3 4

How did you find the activity? Did you have a deeper understanding of the
topic? Now that you do, you are ready to do the task in the next section. Your
new insights about the sum and product of the roots of quadratic equations
will help you connect this to real life and use it in making decision. Let us
transfer your learning now!

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LET’S TRANSFER YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

After answering the activity, what new insights do you have about
quadratic equations? How do you connect this to real life? How would
you use this in making decisions? Now that you have a deeper
understanding of the topic, you are ready to do the task in the next
section.

Activity 4: Write It Down

Directions: Write a journal about the things that you have learned in this lesson.
You may include citing situations that illustrate or relate to the sum
and product of quadratic equation.

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ANSWER KEY
QUARTER 1: WEEK 3
NATURE OF THE ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
THE SUM AND PRODUCT OF THE ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Lesson 3
Activity 1: What’s My Value?
1. 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 169 4. 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 12
Activity 2: What’s My Nature?
1.Discriminant: 0, Nature of the roots: rational and equal
3.Discriminant: 36, Nature of the roots: rational and not equal
5. Discriminant: 24, Nature of the roots: irrational and not equal
7.Discriminant: -23, Nature of the roots: not real
9.Discriminant: 336, Nature of the roots: irrational and not equal

Activity 3: How Well Did You Understand?

A.
b. 𝑝(𝑝 + 1) = 6 𝑜𝑟 𝑝2 + 𝑝 − 6 = 0
d.. 3𝑚 𝑏𝑦 2𝑚
B. (Evaluate student’s responses. They may have different ideas.)
Lesson 4
Activity 1: Let’s Do Addition and Multiplication!
2. 5 4. 72
Activity 2: Relate Me To My Roots!
1. a. 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 7, 𝑐 = 12

2. a. 𝑥 = −3 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −4
3.
QUADRATIC SUM OF PRODUCT OF
ROOTS ROOTS
EQUATION
𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐 𝑿𝟏 ∙ 𝑿𝟐
𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 12 = 0 −7 12

2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 20
=0
𝑏 𝑐
4. The sum of the roots is equal to − and the product is equal to .
𝑎 𝑎
5. Yes. (Explanation of learners may vary)

Activity 3: This Is My Sum and This Is My Product

A. SUM PRODUCT

2. -2 -3

3
4. − -1
2

B. 2. 𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 80 = 0 4. 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 = 0

Activity 4: Write It Down

(Evaluate student’s responses. They may have different ideas.)

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REFERENCES AND LINKS USED IN THIS

MODULE
References
Merden L. Byant, et. al. Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material, FEP Printing Corp.,
Philippines, 2014.
Zenaida B. Diaz, et. al. Next Century Mathematics 9, Phoenix Publishing House,
Philippines, 2014.
Website Links as References and for Learning Activities
https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Algebra1/Quadratics/QDVertexForm.html
https://www.purplemath.com/modules/sqrvertx.htm
http://dl.uncw.edu/digilib/Mathematics/Algebra/mat111hb/PandR/quadratic/q
uadratic.html

Developed by: Pagal, Jennileth Marie M., Canduman NHS

Edited by: Paras, Maricel D., Canduman NHS

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Mandaue City

Plaridel St., Centro, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines 6014

Telephone Nos.: (032) 345 – 0545 | (032) 505 – 6337

E-mail Address: [email protected]

Website: https://depedmandaue.net

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