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PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN (Invisible and Visible Structure)

The document discusses the key principles of architectural design, including structure and composition. It defines architecture as the process of designing and building structures to house human activities, providing shelter through elements like walls, roofs, doors and windows. The invisible structure refers to the building plan as the foundation, often depicted in drawings. Visible structure is created by enclosing space into volumes defined by their form, surface, and shape. Primary shapes like circles, triangles and squares are among the most significant in composition.

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Gia Lyle
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342 views4 pages

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN (Invisible and Visible Structure)

The document discusses the key principles of architectural design, including structure and composition. It defines architecture as the process of designing and building structures to house human activities, providing shelter through elements like walls, roofs, doors and windows. The invisible structure refers to the building plan as the foundation, often depicted in drawings. Visible structure is created by enclosing space into volumes defined by their form, surface, and shape. Primary shapes like circles, triangles and squares are among the most significant in composition.

Uploaded by

Gia Lyle
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN (Essentials of the Structure)

INTRODUCTION
- buildings which may be identified as temples, cathedrals, factories and bungalows- built to
house the activities of man and to these structures has been given the name of architecture.

Architecture Defined
- a group of buildings or a profession
- refer to the process of designing a building and supervising its erections
-procedure assisted with the conception of an idea into reality in terms of building materials
-shelter not only for mans’ various daily activities but also to protect all activities
- represented by a building meeting with these requirements;
1. Logical Function
2. Sound Construction
3. Beautiful Compositon

- Space is indefinable, intangible and has no limits but once enclosed in stone and
steel with accepted rules, it is called Architecture

-Latin-architectura after the Greek word, arkhitekton (arkhi-chief & tekton-builder):is


both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and
other physical structures

PRoviding Shelter, buildings have


1. Walls and roofs
2. Doors and windows
3.

I. THE INVISIBLE STRUCTURE


The plan:
–The beginning of a building
–The foundation upon which the scheme of the structure rests

PLANS
- a set of two-dimensional diagrams or drawings used to describe a place or object, or
to communicate building or fabrication instructions.
- drawn or printed on paper, but they can take the form of a digital file.
- for technical purposes such as architecture, engineering, or planning
-to portray an existing place or object, or to convey enough information to allow a
builder or manufacturer

Standard Sheet Order in a Drawing Set


● Site
● Landscape
● Plans
● Reflected Ceiling Plans
● Sections
● Elevations
● Details
● Schedules
● Structural
● Mechanical
● Electrical

II. THE VISIBLE STRUCTURE


- By enclosing space: volume or mass is created
– If this space has no relation to the activities of man:
–There exist only the simple geometric forms of the: a. cube, b. pyramid, c.
sphere.

COMPOSITION of Visible Structure


A. Form
- MASS or volume or evidence of the 3 dimension.
direction - vertical or horizontal axis of the mass.
shape - geometric qualities.

B. Surface
AREA—surface with two dimensions as in the facade of a building.
Texture - surface treatment identified with materials whether rough
or smooth.
Tone - light and shade caused by openings, projections.
Color - inherent or applied color caused by spectrum hues.
FORM
- In art and design term to denote the formal structure of a work— the manner of
arranging and coordinating the elements and parts of a compo­sition so as to
produce a coherent image.
- suggests reference to both internal structure and external outline
- Includes a sense of three-dimensional mass or volume

Shape – is the principal aspect by which we identify and categorize forms

A. Visual Properties of Forms


● Size - The physical dimensions of length, width, and depth of a form
● Color - an individual's perception of hue, saturation, and tonal value.
- most clearly distinguishes a form from its environment.
- affects the visual weight of a form.
● Texture - The visual and especially tactile quality given to a surface by the size,
shape, arrangement, and proportions of the parts.
-determines the degree to which the surfaces of a form reflect or absorb
incident light.

B. Properties of Forms
● Position - The location of a form relative to its environment or the visual field
within which it is seen.
● Orientation - The direction of a form relative to the ground plane, the compass
points, other forms, or to the person viewing the form.
● Visual Inertia - The degree of concentration and stability of a form.
- depends on its geometry as well as its orientation relative to the
ground plane, the pull of gravity, and our line of sight.

SHAPE
- refers to the characteristic outline of a plane figure or the surface
configuration of a volumetric form.

Primary Shapes
- most significant are the primary shapes: the circle, the triangle, and the
square.

a. Circle
- A plane curve every point of which is equidistant from a fixed point within
the curve (Sphere)
b. Triangle
- A plane figure bounded by three sides and having three angles
- signifies stability. When resting on one of its sides, the triangle is an
extremely stable figure.

c. Square
- A plane figure having four equal sides and four right angles
- represents the pure and the rational It is a static and neutral figure having
no preferred direction. All other rectangles can be considered variations of
the square
- Like the triangle, the square is stable when resting on one of its sides, and
dynamic when standing on one Its corners.

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