The Oliva Model is a 12 component model for developing curriculum. It illustrates a step-by-step process from identifying student and societal needs to curriculum evaluation. The model integrates two submodels: the curriculum submodel which focuses on planning stages, and the instructional submodel which implements the curriculum. The 17 basic steps specify needs, write philosophical statements, set goals and objectives, organize and implement curriculum and instruction, then evaluate instruction and the overall curriculum.
The Oliva Model is a 12 component model for developing curriculum. It illustrates a step-by-step process from identifying student and societal needs to curriculum evaluation. The model integrates two submodels: the curriculum submodel which focuses on planning stages, and the instructional submodel which implements the curriculum. The 17 basic steps specify needs, write philosophical statements, set goals and objectives, organize and implement curriculum and instruction, then evaluate instruction and the overall curriculum.
The Oliva Model is a 12 component model for developing curriculum. It illustrates a step-by-step process from identifying student and societal needs to curriculum evaluation. The model integrates two submodels: the curriculum submodel which focuses on planning stages, and the instructional submodel which implements the curriculum. The 17 basic steps specify needs, write philosophical statements, set goals and objectives, organize and implement curriculum and instruction, then evaluate instruction and the overall curriculum.
The Oliva Model is a 12 component model for developing curriculum. It illustrates a step-by-step process from identifying student and societal needs to curriculum evaluation. The model integrates two submodels: the curriculum submodel which focuses on planning stages, and the instructional submodel which implements the curriculum. The 17 basic steps specify needs, write philosophical statements, set goals and objectives, organize and implement curriculum and instruction, then evaluate instruction and the overall curriculum.
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The Oliva Model
Peter Oliva’s Model has twelve components. It illustrates a step-by-step process of developing the curriculum from specifying the needs of students in general and the needs of the society to evaluating the curriculum. Oliva said that he wanted to come up with a simple, comprehensive and systematic model. This model integrates two submodels: the curriculum submodel and the instructional submodel. The curriculum submodel includes mostly the planning stages and it will not be completed if it is not translated into the instructional submodel (Oliva, 1992).
Oliva’s model answers the limitation of the Taba model in terms of diagnosing only the need of the student before formulating the objectives. He considered the society and the subject matter in stating the aims of education and their philosophical and psychological principles which is similar to Tyler’s considerations for selecting the objectives (Oliva, 1992).
Figure 6. Oliva’s first (1976) Model of Curriculum Development
12 Components of the Oliva Model
Figure 7 shows the detailed steps of the Oliva model that takes the curriculum developer from the sources of the curriculum to evaluation. The figure likewise shows its twelve essential components. These twelve components are:
1. Philosophical formulation, target mission, vision of institution.
2. Analysis of the needs of the community where the school is located. 3. - 4. General purposes and special purpose curricula. 5. Organizing the design and implement curriculum. 6. – 7. Describe the curriculum in the form of the formulation of general objectives and specific learning. 8. Define the learning strategy. 9. Preliminary studies on possible strategies or assessment techniques to be used. 10. Implement the learning strategy. 11. – 12. Evaluation of learning and curriculum evaluating
Oliva recognized that the needs of the students in particular communities are not always the same as the general needs of students throughout the society. In this case, the role of the faculty comes in to always consider the nature, needs and diversified characteristics of students when preparing a curriculum or even a plan for teaching.
In the Oliva model, a faculty can fashion a plan:
For the curriculum of an area and design ways in which it will be carried out through instruction. To develop a school – wide interdisciplinary programs that cut across areas of specialization such as career education, guidance, and class activities. For faculty to focus on the curricular components of the model to make programmatic decision. To allow a faculty to concentrate on the instructional components. The figure below is the illustration of the Oliva’s model.
17 Basic Steps of the Oliva Model
As shown in the illustration above, the steps are:
1. Specify the needs of the students in general.
2. Specify the needs of the society 3. Write a statement of philosophy and aims of education. 4. Specify the needs of students in school. 5. Specify the needs of the particular community 6. Specify the needs of the subject matter. 7. Specify the curriculum goals of your school. 8. Specify the curriculum objectives of your school. 9. Organize and implement the curriculum. 10. Specify instructional goals. 11. Specify instructional objectives. 12. Specify instructional strategies. 13. Begin selection of evaluation technique. 14. Implement instructional strategies 15. Make final selection of evaluation techniques. 16. Evaluate instruction and modify instructional components. 17. Evaluate the curriculum and modify curriculum components
