Department of Education

MATHEMATICS 6
Direct, Inverse, and Partitive
Proportion
Second Quarter – Week 2

NORALYN D. AGAPITO, NORLITO A. ARGANTE, ROD ANDREW F. BABERA

FRANCIS GIO C. CAMPOS, MARY JANE B. CASACOP, RUBY ANN S. DIAZ
MARGARITA A. GUETA, NORILYN S. RINONOS
Writers
OLIVIA G. ELLOSO, BENELIN G. RUMBAOA, EMALYN M. BALLONADO
Validators
DR. EMELITA D. BAUTISTA, ENGR. ROLANDO S. MULDONG
JOSEPH D. NILO, RANDY M. VARGAS
Quality Assurance Team Members

Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City

Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
(02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940

1
 This module was designed to guide the learner to find a missing term in a
proportion and to improve their mental and analytical skills in solving problems and
may be applied in their everyday life. It was made simple and easy to understand to
be able to follow in a precise way.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Use the cross-product method to find the missing term in a proportion
2. Identify the types of proportions in a given situation or problem.
3. Solve problems involving direct proportion, partitive proportion, and inverse
proportion in different contexts such as distance, rate, and time using
appropriate problem - solving strategies and tools.

A. Find the value of x. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

3 15
1. = A. 75 B.55 C.25 D. 15
5 𝑥
𝑥 5
2. = A. 60 B. 40 C. 20 D. 10
12 3
3. 8:3 = x:9 A.18 B. 21 C. 24 D. 70
4. 3:9 = 10: x A. 30 B. 50 C. 70 D. 90
5. 4: 6 = 8: x A.10 B. 12 C. 40 D.72

B. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

6. The ratio of Mimic candies to Flat tops candies is 4:5. There are 45 candies
in all. How many Mimic candies are there?
A. 15 B. 18 C. 20 D. 50
7. Kc can type 350 words in 5 minutes. How many words can she type in ¾ hour?
A. 3 150 B. 3 250 C. 3 350 D. 4 150
8. The scale on a map is 1 cm: 25 km. How far apart are the two cities if there are
8 cm between them on the map?
A. 180 B. 200 C. 220 D. 300
9. If 3 eggs cost ₱ 24.00, how much will a dozen cost?
A. ₱ 88.00 B. ₱ 94.00 C. ₱ 96.00 D. ₱ 120.00
10. In a camp, there are 9 boy scouts to every 6 girl scouts. How many boy scouts
are there if there are 36 girl scouts?
A. 54 B. 56 C. 60 D. 80

2
Solve for the value of each letter and then write the equivalent letter of the
number below to find the answer.
What is the statement of equality between two ratios?

112 36 28 10 126 32 2 54 64 44

1. ( 8 x 0.5 ) ÷ 2 = T 6. (2.5 x 6) ÷ 1.5 = P

2. (16 x 52 ) ÷ 13 = O 7. (72 x 14) ÷ 8 = O
3. ( 9 x 72 ) ÷ 12 = I 8. (84 x 3 ) ÷ 7 = R
4. ( 60 x 11 ) ÷ 15= N 9. (63 x 4) ÷ 9 = O
5. ( 24 x 8 ) ÷ 6 = R 10. (70 x 8) ÷ 5 = P

A proportion is an equation that shows that the two ratios are equivalent.
Each part of a proportion is a term. The first and the last terms are called extremes
while the second and the third terms are called means. It uses the cross product
method to check the equality of a pair of ratios.

𝑎 𝑐
If = , then ad = bc.
𝑏 𝑑

Thus, the product of the extremes is equal to the product of the means.

means

a:b = c:d axd=bxc

extremes

There are 3 types of proportion

1. Direct proportion
2. Inverse proportion
3. Partitive proportion

3
 DIRECT PROPORTION

Example1. Cynthia bought 2kg of avocados worth P120.00. How much will 4kg of
avocado cost?
Solution:
Avocados cost = Avocados:cost
2 kg : P120 = 4kg : n
2 4
=
120 𝒏
Use the cross product method
2 4
120 𝒏
2 x n = 120 x 4
2n= 480
480
n= n= ₱240.00
2
The 4kg of avocados cost ₱ 240.00.
This is a direct proportion, as one term or quantity increases the other term
or quantity also increases or vice versa.

Example 2. A motorist travel 180 km in 2 hours. At the same rate, how long will it
take to travel 540 km?

Distance Hour
180 2
540 n
Solution
180 540
=
2 𝑛
180 x n = 2 x 540
180n = 1080
1080
n=
180
n = 6 hrs
It is a direct proportion because as distance increase, the hours also increase.

INVERSE PROPORTION
Example1. Leo can travel from home to office in 30 minutes at 40kph. For the same
rate, how fast should he travel in 15 minutes?

Speed Time
Original quantity 40kph 30 minutes Original quantity
n 15 minutes New quantity
New quantity

Solution:
Convert minutes into hours
15
15 minutes =
60
= 0.25hr

4
 30
30 minutes = = 0.5 hr
60
Speed Time
Original quantity 40kph 0. 5 hour Original quantity

New quantity n 0.25 hour New quantity

Speed = Time
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑) 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)
=
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑) 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)
40 0.25
=
𝑛 0.5
n x 0.25 = 40 x 0.5
0.25 n = 20
20
n=
0.25
n = 80kph

Leo will travel 80kph in 15 minutes. As speed increases the time decreases.

This is an inverse proportion, when one quantity increases, the other

quantity decreases or vice versa
Example 2. During quarantine a stock of food for a family of 4 has enough food to
eat in 12 days. If there are 6 in a family, how many days will the same amount of
food last?

No of Days
person
Original quantity Original quantity
4 12

New quantity 6 n New quantity

Solution:

No. of person = No. of days

𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛) 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑑𝑎𝑦)
=
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛) 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑑𝑎𝑦)
4 𝑛
=
6 12
n x 6 = 4 x 12
6 n = 48
48
n=
6
n = 8 days

Food will last in 8 days when there are 6 persons in the family. As the
number of person increases the number of days decreases.

5
 PARTITIVE PROPORTION

Example1. Karol, Keith, and Kim inherited ₱ 2 400 000.00 from their parents. If
the money is divided in the ratio of 3:4:5. How much will be the share of each one?
Solution:
Strategy: Write the partitive proportion to solve the problem.
Let n be the inherited amount each one will get.
Write the ratio 3:4:5 as 3n:4n:5n
Adding the number,
3+4+5 = 12
3n + 4n + 5n = 2 400 000
12n = 2 400 000
12 12
n= ₱ 200 000.00
Therefore:
3n = 3 x 200 000 = ₱ 600 000.00 for Karol
4n = 4 x 200 000 = ₱ 800 000.00 for Keith
5n = 5 x 200 000 = ₱1 000 000.00 for Kim

This is a partitive proportion; a whole is divided into parts that are

proportional to the given ratio.

Example 2. Three numbers are in the ratio of 1:2:3. If the sum is 24, what is the
biggest number?

Solution
Write the ratio n: 2n:3n
n + 2n + 3n = 24
6n = 24
24
n=
6
n=4
Therefore:
n = 1 x4 = 4, 1ST number
2n = 2 x4 = 8, 2nd number
3n = 3x4 = 12, 3rd number

The biggest number is 12.

6
Evaluate each proportion.
3 15
1. =
5 𝑥
A. 75 B. 55 C. 25 D. 15
𝑛 5
2. =
12 3
A. 60 B.40 C. 20 D 10
8 𝑥
3. =
3 9
A. 24 B. 21 C. 18 D. 15
Read each problem carefully. Solve for your answer.
4. If 3 avocados cost ₱ 50.00, how much does one dozen cost?
A. ₱ 200.00 B. ₱ 180.00 C. ₱ 150.00 D. ₱ 100.00
5. Sylla types 200 words in 30 minutes. How many words can she type in 1 hour?
A. 100 B. 400 C. 500 D. 600
6. The ratio of dalandan to atis to mangoes is 5:4:3. If there are 2 436 fruit
bearing trees, how many dalandan trees are there?
A.990 B.1 000 C. 1 015 D. 1 980
7. The scale on a map is 1cm: 100 km. How many km does 4 cm represent?
A. 800 B.400 C. 200 D. 100
8. Mang Ambo’s jeepney travels 120 km in 3 hours. How long will it travel to cover
280 km?
A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 12

9. Ana bought 3 tickets in Manila Ocean Park which cost ₱ 1 200.00. How many
tickets can you buy for ₱ 2 800.00?
A.10 B. 7 C. 3 D. 1

10. Charlotte paid ₱ 1 200.00 for 2 pizzas. How much will she pay for 9 pizzas?
A. ₱ 4 600.00 B. ₱ 5 078.00 C. ₱ 5 100.00 D. ₱ 5 400.00

7
 A proportion is an equation that shows that the two ratios are equivalent.
Each part of a proportion is a term.
There are 3 types of proportion
1. Direct proportion
2. Inverse proportion
3. Portative proportion
Direct proportion is shown if one term or quantity increases the other term
or quantity also increases or vice versa.
Inverse proportion, when one quantity increases, the other quantity
decreases or vice versa.
Partitive proportion; when a whole is divided into parts that are proportional
to the given ratio.

A. Find the missing term in each proportion.

1.
2
4
= 𝑛
8

2.
15
x
= 9
6

3. 15:45 = 2:n
4. x:50 = 30:10

5.
4
18
= 27
𝑛

B. Solve each problem correctly.

6. A bus can travel 210 km in 3 hours. How far can it travel in 6 hours?
7. In 6 hours, 5 people can finish painting the wall of the house. If only 3 people
are available, how many hours do they have to work to finish the same job?
8. Gian can reach his office in 45 minutes at 80 km/h. At what speed should
he drive his car so that he can reach the office 30 minutes earlier?
9. Lola Cely divided her farm to her granddaughters in the ratio of 6:4:2.
If the total area of the farm is 240 hectares, what is the area of each one?
10. A car consumes 1 liter of unleaded gasoline in 20 km distance. How many
liters of unleaded gasoline will be needed in 160 km?

8
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the value of x in 8: 10 = 12: x?

A.14 B. 15 C.18 D. 20
2. Which pair shows proportion?
A. 3:8 = 9:24 B. 12:16 = 3:8 C. 25:5 = 20:8 D. 30:7 = 1:4
3. Which number sentence is TRUE?
A. 12:15 = 4: 6 B. 10:14 = 20:28 C. 42: 54 = 21:39 D. 49:56 = 7:9
4. What is the value of n in 6:5 = n:15?
A. 45 B. 20 C. 18 D. 15
5. Which of the following ratios do not show proportion?
4 8 16 4 6 12 20 4
A. , B. , C. , D. ,
5 10 10 2 2 4 30 6

6. If a pack of cookies costs ₱ 90.00, how much would you pay for 7
packs of cookies?

A. ₱ 610.00 B. ₱ 630.00 C. ₱ 680.00 D. ₱ 720.00

7. The ratio of boys to girls in Grade VI Mahogany is 8:16. There are 22 girls in
the class. How many are boys?
A. 11 B. 14 C. 18 D. 20
8. There are 6 dozen eggs in Aling Nene’s store. If the ratio of native eggs and
the regular egg is 3:6, how many are the native eggs?
A. 48 B. 32 C. 24 D. 20
9. A truck can transfer 20 tons of vegetables in a day. How many days will
it take for the truck to transfer 600 tons of vegetables?
A.30 B. 34 C. 36 D. 43
10. Edward’s motorcycle consumes 1 liter of gasoline in 7 days. How many liters
of gasoline will he need for 21 days?
A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 10

9
References
Villamayor Adela, Celeridad-Wright Amelia, de Joya Eden, Math For Life 6 Revised Edition 2015 pages
111 – 121

Perez Marjoseph, Placer Donnel, Burgos Jaime, 21st Century Mathlete DepEd pages 88-97

Dela Cruz Ma Lourdes P., Hermano Celedonia R., Simplifying Mathematical Challenges, pages 309-
322

10