2 DAnimation

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
Sector : INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
Qualification Title : COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II
Unit of Competency : CREATE TRADIGITAL ANIMATION
Module Title : CREATING TRADIGITAL ANIMATION
METRO DUMAGUETE COLLEGE, INC.

E.J. Blanco Drive Ext., Daro, Dumaguete City
Negros Oriental, 6200
Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

Servicing NC II November 2018 Issued by:
Metro Dumaguete
College, Inc. Page 1 of
Install and Developed by:
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Computer Systems Revision # 00
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY –BASED
LEARNING MATERIALS
Welcome!
The core unit of competency, Create Tradigital Animation, is one of

the competencies of 2D ANIMATION NC III, a course which comprises the
knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a TVET trainee to possess.
The module, Creating Tradigital Animation, contains training

materials and activities related to preparing area for bed making, performing
bed making and performing after care activities of materials and equipment
used for you to complete. This is prepared to help you achieve the required
competency in 2D ANIMATION NC III.
In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning

activities in order to complete each learning outcome. In each learning
outcome are Information Sheets, Task Sheets, Job Sheets and Operation
Sheets. Follow and perform the activities on your own. If you have
questions, do not hesitate to ask for assistance from your facilitator.
The goal of this module is the development of practical skills. You

must learn the basic concepts and terminology to gain these skills. For most
part, you will get this information from the Information Sheets.
This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge

and skills in this particular competency independently and at your own pace
with minimum supervision or help from your trainer.
You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice

on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work shift.
This way you will improve both your speed and memory as well as your
confidence.

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Reminder:
 Read Information Sheet, perform Task Sheet, Job Sheet or Operation

Sheet until you are confident that your outputs conform to the Self-Check
(Answer Key) and Performance Criteria Checklist that follows the sheet.
Suggested references are included to supplement the materials provided
in this module.
 When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice to achieve
competency, perform and submit output of the Task Sheet, Job Sheet or
Operation Sheet to your facilitator for evaluation and recording in the
Accomplishment Chart. Output shall serve as your portfolio during the
Institutional Competency Assessment. When you feel confident that you
have had sufficient practice, ask your trainer to evaluate you. The results
of your institutional assessment will be recorded in your Progress Chart.
You must pass the Institutional Competency Assessment for this

competency before moving to another competency. A Certificate of
Achievement will be awarded to you after passing the evaluation.
You need to complete this module before you can perform the module on
Creating Tradigital Animation.

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COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II
COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
List of Competencies
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
Basic
Lead workplace Leading workplace

1. 500311109
communication communication
2. Lead small teams Leading small teams 500311110
Develop and practice Developing and practice

3. 500311111
negotiation skills negotiation skills
Solve problems related to Solving problems related

4. 500311112
work activities to work activities
Use mathematical Using mathematical

5. 500311113
concepts and techniques concepts and techniques
Use relevant Using relevant

6. 500311114
technologies technologies
Common
7. Apply quality standards Apply quality standards ICT315202
Applying quality
8. Apply quality standards ICT311203
standards
Core
Produce Traditional key Producing Traditional key

9. poses/drawings for poses/drawings for ICT216305
animation animation

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Create tradigital Creating tradigital
10. ICT216319
animation animation
Create 2D digital cut-out Creating 2D digital cut-

11. ICT216306
animation out animation
Export animation to Exporting animation to

12. ICT216307
video file format video file format

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MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: Create Tradigital Animation
MODULE TITLE: Creating Tradigital Animation
MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This unit covers the skills and knowledge

required to build animation object library and
use digital animation techniques and software
to create traditional-digital (tradigital)
animation.
NOMINAL DURATION: 140 hours
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module you MUST be able to:
1. Identify requirements and materials for tradigital animation
2. Produce tradigital animation
3. Revise / Edit tradigital animation
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Digital model pack library, digital storyboard are obtained with relevant
personnel based on company policies and procedures
2. Animatics and production technical specifications are discussed with
Director/ supervisor based on scene provided
3. Software selected is installed in accordance with the specified delivery
platform
4. Materials of the assigned scene are obtained from relevant personnel
based on company policies
5. Character placement, composition and size comparison are referenced to
the digital backgrounds provided by relevant personnel
6. Character is animated applying the Principles of Animation based on the
storyboard and animatic
7. Lip-synch or sound effects is integrated for dialogue animation if
necessary.
8. Animated scene is reviewed through playback to check movements and
lipsync
9. Produced tradigital animation is saved based on appropriate delivery
format.
10. Finished animated scene is submitted to relevant personnel based on
production procedures.
11. Revisions are received and discussed with director/ animation
supervisor based on scene submitted.
12. Revision changes are incorporated to the animation in accordance
with director’s instruction
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13. Revised scene is resubmitted to relevant personnel based on company
policies and procedures

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Systems Revision # 00
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 1: Identify requirements and
materials for tradigital
animation
CONTENTS:
1. Digital model pack library
2. Digital storyboard
3. Relevant personnel
4. Animatics
5. Production technical specifications
6. delivery platform
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Digital model pack library, digital storyboard are obtained with relevant
personnel based on company policies and procedures
2. Animatics and production technical specifications are discussed with
Director/ supervisor based on scene provided
3. Software selected is installed in accordance with the specified delivery
platform
CONDITIONS:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Equipment such as; Pen Tablet 4” x 6”
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
1. Hands-on
2. Direct observation
3. Practical demonstration
4. Oral Questioning
5. Written exam
6. Performance

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Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome 1
ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE

Learning Activities Special Instructions
Read Information Sheet No. 1.1-1
on Occupational Health and
Safety Procedures
Answer Self-Check No. 1.1-1

Checking answers with Answer
Key 1.1-1
Read Information Sheet 1.1-2
Hardware Components
Answer Self-check No. 1.1-2

Key 1.1-2
Tools, Equipment and Testing
Devices
Answer Self-checks No. 1.1-3

Key 1.1-3
Assembling Computer Hardware
Perform Task Sheet No. 1.1-4

Self-Check using Performance
Criteria Checklist 1.1-4
Perform Task Sheet 1.1-5

Self-check using Performance

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INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1
Occupational Health and Safety Procedures
Learning Objectives:
After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:
1. Identify the basic precautions and procedures in planning, preparing,
installing and testing of computer hardware.
2. Identify the Occupational health and safety Policies
During installation and initial test, careful planning and preparation

are to be done. To avoid personal injury and damages to wiring due to sharp
pins on connectors and printed circuit assemblies, rough chassis edges and
corners, and hot components.
Safety Procedure is a common task. It is a general knowledge in our

workplace. In most cases, one must be trained to apply safety procedures in
particular place or in an environment of a certain work, such as factory
where there is heavy machineries, electronics and high voltage facilities.
Safety Procedures may be able to promote a great stability of a

company, to ensure safety of their own products, their facilities and most
especially their personnel during and after work responsibility. Therefore, it
is our goal and responsibility as a worker, in any field of our skills and even
in our great profession, to have these skill and knowledge for future
application in our workplace.
5s of Good House Keeping
5S of good housekeeping involves the principle of waste elimination

through workplace organization.
5S JAPANESE ENGLISH ACTION EFFECTS

WORD TERM
Identify and eliminate all
1S Seiri Sort
unnecessary items.
Systematize
/ Arrange necessary items in
2S Seiton ACTIONS
Stabilize/ good order and easy access.
Straighten
Sweep/ Clean your workplace
3S Seiso
Shine thoroughly.

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WORD TERM
Maintain high standards of
Sanitize/ housekeeping and
4S Seiketsu CULTURE
Standardize workplace organization at
all times.
Sustain/ Create a culture wherein all
5S Shitsuke Self- members practice the above HABIT
Discipline 4S as a way of life.
3R’s of Waste Management
The three R’s – reduce, reuse and recycle – all help to cut down on the
amount of waste we throw away. They conserve natural resources, landfill
space and energy. Sitting a new landfill has become difficult and more
expensive due to environmental regulations and public opposition.
NAME BRIEF EXPLANATION

REDUCE The concept of reducing what is produced and what is
consumed is essential to the waste hierarchy. The logic behind
it is simple to understand – if there is less waste, then there is
less to recycle or reuse. The process of reducing begins with
an examination of what you are using, and what it is used for.
REUSE Learning to reuse items, or re-purpose them for a use different
then what they are intended for is essential in waste
hierarchy.
RECYCLE To recycle something means that it will be transformed again
into a raw material that can be shaped into a new item.
General Safety Precautions
1. Remove power from the circuit or equipment before working on it.
2. Remove and replace fuses only after the power to the circuit has been
de-energized.
3. Make sure all equipment is properly grounded.
4. Use extreme caution when removing or installing batteries containing

acid.
5. Use cleaning fluids only in well- ventilated spaces.

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6. Dispose of cleaning rags and other flammable materials in tightly
closed metal containers.
7. In case of an electrical fire, de-energize the circuit and report it

immediately to the appropriate authority.
High Voltage Safety Precautions
1. Consider the result of each act.
2. Keep away from live circuits.
3. Do not work alone.
4. Do not tamper with interlocks.
5. Do not ground yourself.
6. Never energize equipment in the presence of water leakage.
Personal Safety Precautions
1. Work only in clean dry areas.
2. Do not wear loose or flapping clothing.
3. Wear only nonconductive shoes.
4. Remove all rings, wristwatches, bracelets, ID chains and tags, and

similar metal items.
5. Do not use bare hands to remove hot parts.
6. Use a shorting stick to remove high voltage charges on capacitors.
7. Make certain that the equipment being used is properly grounded.
8. Remove power to a circuit prior to connecting alligator clips.
9. When measuring voltages over 300 volts, do not hold the test probes.
First Aid Procedures:

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1. Don’t panic! Determine if there is any immediate danger to the injured
person.
2. Never move an unconscious person without cause, lay the person flat.
3. Keep the person warm to prevent shock.
4. Never try to force liquids on an unconscious person.
5. If the person is breathing normally, keep him or her still comfortable

until medical aid arrives.
6. Severe electrical shock or other types of accidents may interrupt

breathing. A procedure such as artificial respiration (mouth- to –
mouth resuscitation) or CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) can be
used to stimulate the breathing process.
7. Check for a swallowed tongue before applying artificial respiration.

This procedure should be administered by a trained person if possible
and continued until medical help arrives.
8. Report all injuries to the instructor immediately. Even minor cuts can
become infected and the best first aid supplies, nurses, and doctors
cannot help an unreported injury.
Occupational Health and Safety Policies in Assembling and

Disassembling PCs
1. Turn OFF the computer.
2. Unplug power cords.
3. Wear anti- static wrist band.
4. Use rubber mat.
5. Discharge static electricity (ground yourself).
6. Work in well-lighted and well-ventilated environment.
7. Avoid liquid spills.
8. Remove all metal accessories from your body.

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9. Work in a clean and dry area.
10. Always use the manufacturer’s manual.
11. Use proper tools.
SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1-1

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I. Complete the table below.

WORD TERM
1S Seiri Identify and eliminate all
unnecessary items.
2S Seiton Systematize
/
Stabilize/ ACTIONS
Straighten
3S Seiso Clean your workplace
thoroughly.
4S Sanitize/ Maintain high standards of
Standardize housekeeping and
CULTURE
workplace organization at
all times.
5S Shitsuke Create a culture wherein all
members practice the above HABIT
4S as a way of life.
II. Enumeration:
Give at least 10 Occupational Health and Safety Policies in

Assembling and Disassembling PCs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

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ANSWER KEY 1.1-1
I. Complete the table below.

WORD TERM
1S Seiri Sort Identify and eliminate all
unnecessary items.
2S Seiton Systematize Arrange necessary items in
/ good order and easy access.
Stabilize/ ACTIONS
Straighten
3S Seiso Sweep/ Clean your workplace
Shine thoroughly.
4S Seiketsu Sanitize/ Maintain high standards of
Standardize housekeeping and
CULTURE
workplace organization at
all times.
5S Shitsuke Sustain/ Create a culture wherein all
Self- members practice the above HABIT
Discipline 4S as a way of life.
II. Enumeration:
Give at least 10 Occupational Health and Safety Policies in

Assembling and Disassembling PCs.
1. Turn OFF the computer.

2. Unplug power cords.
3. Wear anti- static wrist band.
4. Use rubber mat.
5. Discharge static electricity (ground yourself).
6. Work in well-lighted and well-ventilated environment.
7. Avoid liquid spills.
8. Remove all metal accessories from your body.
9. Work in a clean and dry area.
10. Always use the manufacturer’s manual.

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INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1-2
Hardware Components
After reading this Information Sheet, you should be able to:
1. Name the components of a computer hardware
2. Identify the functions and characteristics of a computer hardware
components
If you use a desktop computer, you might already know that there
isn't any single part called the "computer." A computer is really a system of
many parts working together. The physical parts, which you can see and
touch, are collectively called hardware.
The illustration below shows the most common hardware in a desktop

computer system. Your system may look a little different, but it probably
has most of these parts. A laptop computer has similar parts but combines
them into a single notebook-sized package.
DESKTOP COMPUTER SYSTEM

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System unit
The system unit is the core of a computer system. Usually it's a

rectangular box placed on or underneath your desk. Inside this box are
many electronic components that process information. The most important
of these components is the central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor,
which acts as the "brain" of your computer. Another component is random
access memory (RAM), which temporarily stores information that the CPU
uses while the computer is on. The information stored in RAM is erased
when the computer is turned off.
Almost every other part of your computer connects to the system unit
using cables. The cables plug into specific ports (openings), typically on the
back of the system unit. Hardware that is not part of the system unit is
sometimes called a peripheral device.
Storage
Your computer has one or more disk drives - devices that store
information on a metal or plastic disk. The disk preserves the information
even when your computer is turned off.
There are two different types of storage devices:
 Primary Storage Devices: Generally smaller in size, these are

designed to hold data temporarily and are internal to the computer.
They have the fastest data access speed, and include RAM and cache
memory.

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 RAM (random access memory)- referred to as main memory,
primary memory, or system memory, is a hardware device that
allows information to be stored and retrieved on a computer.
RAM is usually associated with DRAM, which is a type of
memory module. However, unlike ROM or the hard drive, RAM
is a volatile memory and requires power to keep the data
accessible. If the computer is turned off, all data contained in
RAM is lost.
FRIENDLY INDUSTRY PEAK DATA

NAME NAME TRANSFER TRANSFERS/SECOND
RATE (IN MILLIONS)
DDR3
DDR3-800 PC3-6400 6400 MB/s 800
DDR3-1066 PC3-8500 8533 MB/s 1066
DDR3-1333 PC3-10600 10667 MB/s 1333
DDR3-1600 PC3-12800 12800 MB/s 1600
DDR2
DDR2-400 PC2-3200 3200 MB/s 400
DDR2-533 PC2-4200 4266 MB/s 533
DDR2-667 PC2-5300 5333 MB/s 667
DDR2-800 PC2-6400 6400 MB/s 800
DDR2-1066 PC2-8500 8533 MB/s 1066
DDR
DDR-200 PC-1600 1600 MB/s 200
DDR-266 PC-2100 2100 MB/s 266
DDR-300 PC-2400 2400 MB/s 300
DDR-333 PC-2700 2700 MB/s 333
DDR-400 PC-3200 3200 MB/s 400
 ROM (read-only memory) or cache memory - is memory that

cannot be changed by a program or user. ROM retains its
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memory even after the computer is turned off. For example,
ROM stores the instructions for the computer to start up when
it is turned on again.
"Cache" is a specialized form of computer memory. In the

case of Internet, "cache" is commonly used in the context of
"browser cache". Cache is designed to speed up the computer by
prioritizing its contents for quick access.
How it works: cache holds copies of recently accessed data

such as a web page and pictures on web pages. It keeps this
data ready to "swap" onto your screen within fractions of a
second. So, instead of requiring your computer to go to the
original web page and photos in Denmark, the cache simply
offers you the latest copy from your own hard drive.
 Secondary Storage Devices: These usually have large storage

capacity, and they store data permanently. They can be either internal
or external to the computer, and they include the hard disk, optical
disk drive and USB storage device.
 Hard Disk Drive
Your computer's hard disk drive stores information on a

hard disk, a rigid platter or stack of platters with a magnetic
surface. Because hard disks can hold massive amounts of
information, they usually serve as your computer's primary
means of storage, holding almost all of your programs and files.
The hard disk drive is normally located inside the system unit.

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 CD/DVD Drives
Nearly all computers today come equipped with a CD or

DVD drive, located on the front of the system unit. CD drives
use lasers to read (retrieve) data from a CD, and many CD
drives can also write (record) data onto CDs. If you have a
recordable disk drive, you can store copies of your files on blank
CDs.
DVD drives can do

everything that CD drives can,
plus read DVDs. If you have a
DVD drive, you can watch
movies on your computer.
Many DVD drives can record
data onto blank DVDs.
 Flash Drive
A USB flash drive, also known as a thumb drive, pen

drive, gig stick, flash stick, jump drive, disk key, disk on key,
flash drive, memory stick USB key, USB stick or USB memory, is
a data storage device that includes flash memory with an
integrated USB interface. It is typically removable, rewritable
and much smaller than an optical disc.

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Computer Peripherals
Computer peripherals are devices that are attached to a computer.

These devices are not part of the system unit, but are important since they
provide the input and output functions in order for the users to perform
their tasks.
The basic peripherals that you will need to start-up the computer are:
 Monitor
A monitor is an output device which displays information in

visual form, using text and graphics. The portion of the monitor that
displays the information is called the screen. Like a television screen,
a computer screen can show still or moving pictures.
 Mouse
A mouse is an input device that controls the movement of the

cursor or pointer and enables the user to move and select items that
are displayed on the monitor.
Although mice come in many shapes, the typical mouse does

look a bit like an actual mouse. It's small, oblong, and connected to
the system unit by a long wire that resembles a tail. Some newer mice
are wireless.
A mouse usually has

two buttons: a primary
button (usually the left
button) and a secondary
button. Many mice also have
a wheel between the two
buttons, which allows you to
scroll smoothly through
screens of information.

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When you move the mouse with your hand, a pointer on your
screen moves in the same direction. Pointing and clicking with your
mouse is the main way to interact with your computer.
 Keyboard
A keyboard is an input device that allows the user to enter

instructions and information into a computer.
It is used mainly for typing text into your computer. Like the
keyboard on a typewriter, it has keys for letters and numbers, but it also
has special keys:
 The function keys, found on the top row, perform different functions
depending on where they are used.
 The numeric keypad, located on the right side of most keyboards,
allows you to enter numbers quickly.
 The navigation keys, such as the arrow keys, allow you to move your
position within a document or webpage.
You can also use your keyboard to perform many of the same tasks you can
perform with a mouse.
Other Peripherals:
 Modem
To connect your computer to the Internet, you need a modem. A
modem is a device that sends and receives computer information over
a telephone line or high-speed cable. Modems are sometimes built into
the system unit, but higher-speed modems are usually separate
components.

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 Speakers
Speakers are used to play sound. They may be built into the
system unit or connected with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to
music and hear sound effects from your computer.
 Printer
A printer transfers data from a computer onto paper. You don't

need a printer to use your computer, but having one allows you to
print e-mail, cards, invitations,
announcements, and other materials.
Many people also like being able to
print their own photos at home.
The two main types of printers

are inkjet printers and laser printers.
Inkjet printers are the most popular
printers for the home. They can print
in black and white or in full color and
can produce high-quality photographs
when used with special paper. Laser
printers are faster and generally better
able to handle heavy use.
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Inside The System Unit
Understanding how the parts of a computer connect to each other

inside your PC begins with the case, which physically houses most of the
components.
 Power Supply
The power supply connects to nearly every device in the PC to

provide power. It is located at the rear of the case.
Power supplies are quoted as having a certain power output

specified in Watts, a standard power supply would typically be able to
deliver around 350 Watts.
Always replace a power supply with an equivalent or superior

power output (Wattage).
There are 3 types of power supply in common use:
 AT Power Supply - still in use in older PCs.

 ATX Power Supply - commonly in use today.
 ATX-2 Power Supply - recently new standard.
The voltages produced by AT/ATX/ATX-2 power supplies are:
 +3.3 Volts DC (ATX/ATX-2)

 +5 Volts DC (AT/ATX/ATX-2)
 -5 Volts DC (AT/ATX/ATX-2)
 +5 Volts DC Standby (ATX/ATX-2)
 +12 Volts DC (AT/ATX/ATX-2)
 -12 Volts DC (AT/ATX/ATX-2)

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The Power Supply Connectors
Connector Description
20-pin P1 connect is the main motherboard power
connector used in the early ATX systems
24-pin P1 connector, also called the 20+4 pin

connector, is the main motherboard power connector
used today
20+4 pin P1 connector with four pins removed so the
connector can fi t into a 20-pin P1 motherboard
connector
4-pin auxiliary motherboard connector used for extra
12 V power to the processor
8-pin auxiliary motherboard connector used for extra

12 V power to the processor, providing more power
than the older 4-pin auxiliary connector
4-pin Molex connector is used for IDE (PATA) drives
15-pin SATA connector used for SATA drives

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Connector Description
4-pin Berg connector used by a fl oppy disk drive
(FDD)
6-pin PCIe connector provides an extra +12 V for

high-end video cards using PCI Express, Version 1
standard
8-pin PCIe connector provides an extra +12 V for

high-end video cards using PCI Express, Version 2
6-pin plus 2-pin +12 V PCIe connector is used by

high-end video cards using PCIe ×16 slots to provide
extra voltage to the card. To get the 8-pin connector,
combine both the 6-pin and 2-pin connectors.
 Motherboard (MOBO)
Motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer. It is the

piece of hardware which contains the computer's micro-processing
chip and everything attached to it is vital to making the computer run.
So, let’s talk about the Motherboard parts and function to
enable you to familiarize the parts and function. This is the most
practical approach of the technician.

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1. I/O ports - This is located in the rear panel of the CPU, this use to
connect the outside hardware or peripherals of the computer.
 PS/2 ports - These are used to connect the mouse (green color) and
the keyboard (purple color)
 DB 25 female connector (parallel port) - This is use to connect the

impact printer, one of that the DOT MATRIX printer, ex. the Epson
LX 300 +
 DB 9 male connector (Serial or com1 port) - This use to connect a

serial device of the computer, such as the serial mouse and
external modem.
 VGA port (built-in) - This is use to interface the DB cord of the

monitor screen or to connect the monitor screen of the computer.
The fastest video card versions are based on the standard of the
VGA slots, ex: the AGP and PCI’e card.
 USB 2.0 × 2 ports - These are the ports of the USB devices of the
computer. Attached externally of the system unit, one of that are
the USB flash drives. As of now the versions or speed of the USB
are the 1.0 and 2.0 compatible.
 LAN port - This called as Local Area Network of the computer. This
is use to connect the numbers of node or workstations (PC) to form
a local area network of the computer with in their area. Using type
of communication media such as the network switch and router.

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 Audio port - This is use to connect the speaker, mike, and MIDI
(Musical Instrument Digital Interface) device of the computer.
2. ATX Power connector (4 pin) - This is use to connect the 4 pin of the
power supply unit(PSU) .This is separate of the 20 or 24 pin of ATX
power supply to provide DC voltage of computer processor.
3. Processor’s ZIF Socket - Part of MOBO use to hold the processor or

CPU chip (Zero Insertion Force).The compatibility of the socket
depends of the computer processor type. Such as the AM2 socket of
the AMD and the socket 775 of the Intel company.
4. Memory slot (DIMM) - This is called as Dual Inline Memory Module,

this is the slot of computer memory or what we called RAM. The
memory slot depends of the type of the memory. Such as the PC 133
SDRAM and PC 400 SDRAM-DDR 1.
5. ATX Power connector (20/24 pin) - A group of connector of the

MOBO. This is separate of the 4 pin power assignments. It provides a
DC power output to the system board (SB) from the output of the
Power Supply Unit.
6. CMOS/ BIOS Battery - In this part, the CMOS/BIOS battery is hold,

so that it can provide 3 volts direct current/voltage to the CMOS IC.
To preserve the BIOS settings of the computer. Such as the time
module, hardware information and settings/parameter, etc.
 CMOS - Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

 BIOS - Basic Input/output system. Is a set of a program stored in
CMOS IC, use to preserve the BIOS configuration of the computer
7. IDE Connector (Integrated Drive Electronics) - This connector is

use to connect the IDE cable of the HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or
CD/DVD ROM to the Mother Board IDE.
8. Front panel connectors (F-Panel) - This is use to connect the Power

LED,HDD LED, Power Switch, and Reset switch of the computer
system unit(CPU).
9. SATA connector - This is Serial Advance Technology Attachment. The

new standard of the IDE connection array of the computer HDD (SATA
HDD) to the motherboard system.
10. USB Connector (header) - This is use to connect the USB port of the
front panel USB 2.0 x 2 port.
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11. FDD connector - The connector of the FDD cable through the system
board. Normally there are 34 pins out of it to connect the 3.5” 1.44mb
Floppy Disk Drive.
12. PCI slots - a part of the computer motherboard use to connect the
I/O cards of the computer. Such as LAN card, WIFI card, USB
expansion card, and sound card.
13. CMOS/BIOS IC - This is the type of BIOS IC being use by the

computer MOBO.A set of a program being installed in this IC to
preserved the BIOS configuration settings of the computer. Such as
the speed of the CPU chip and RAM, etc.
14. AMR slot - This is the AUDIO Modem Riser. Being use to demodulate
and modulate the analog audio of the computer.
15. PCI express slot - A part of the computer that hold the computer
video card (VGA), the PCIe card. The latest and the fastest card being
installed and most compatible with 3d and 4g gaming of the
computer. The old video card type is the AGP or Accelerated Graphic
Ports and the standard of the PCIe.
16. North Bridge IC - Is a passion name as being north of the PCI buses
or the PCI slots of the MOBO. The true name of the north bridge is
MCI or Memory Controller Hub. Assigned to manage and control the
computer memory before the processing of the CPU chip.
17. South Bridge IC - Is a passion name as being south of the PCI

buses or PCI slots. The true name of the south bridge is I/O Controller
HUB (ICH). It is a type of microchip task to control all the Input and
output devices of the computer. Such as the keyboard and mouse.
And the monitor screen of the computer that commonly found at the
rear back of the CPU or system unit.
Motherboard Form Factors
When selecting a motherboard, generally, you’d need to pay

attention to the form factor, processor socket, chipset, buses and number
of bus slots, and other connectors, slots, and ports.

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FORM MOTHERBOARD DESCRIPTION
FACTOR SIZE
ATX, full size Up to 12" x 9.6" This popular form factor has
(305mm × 244mm) had many revisions and
variations.
MicroATX Up to 9.6" x 9.6" Smaller version of ATX.
(244mm × 244mm)
Mini-ITX Up to 6.7" x 6.7" Small form factor used in
(a.k.a. ITX) (170mm x 170mm) low-end computers and
home theater systems. The
boards are often used with
an Intel Atom processor and
are sometimes purchased as
a motherboard-processor
combo unit.
FlexATX Up to 9" x 7.5" Smaller version of MicroATX.
BTX Up to 12.8" wide The BTX boards can have up
to seven expansion slots, are
designed for improved
airflow, and can use an ATX
power supply.
MicroBTX Up to 10.4" wide Smaller version of BTX and
can have up to four
expansion slots.
PicoBTX Up to 8" wide Smaller than MicroBTX and
can have up to two
expansion slots.
NLX Up to 9" x 13.6" Used in low-end systems
with a riser card.
 Processor or CPU
The CPU attaches directly to a CPU

socket on the motherboard located inside
the computer. The CPU is inserted into
the socket pin-side-down and a small
lever helps to secure it. In the pictured
example, a large fan sits on top of the
CPU to help disperse heat.
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is responsible for interpreting

and executing most of the commands from the computer's hardware
and software. It is often called the "brains" of the computer.

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Processor Sockets for Intel
INTEL USED BY DESCRIPTION

SOCKET PROCESSOR
NAMES FAMILY
LGA2011 Second Generation  2011 pins in the socket touch
(Sandy Bridge) Core 2011 lands on the processor,
i7 Extreme, Core i7, which uses a flip-chip land grid
Core i5, Core i3, array (FCLGA).
Pentium, and Celeron  Used in high-end gaming and
server computers and might
require a liquid cooling system.
LGA1155 Third Generation (Ivy  1155 pins in the socket touch
and Bridge) Core i7, Core 1155 lands on the processor.
FCLGA1155 i5 Second  The LGA1155 is currently the
Generation (Sandy most popular Intel socket and is
Bridge) Core i7 shown in Figure 4-5.
Extreme, Core i7,  Works with DDR3 memory and
Core i5, Core i3, was designed to replace the
Pentium, and Celeron LGA1156 socket.
LGA1156 or Core i7, Core i5, Core  1156 pins in the socket touch
Socket H or i3, Pentium, and 1156 lands on the processor,
H1 Celeron which uses a flip-chip land grid
array (FCLGA).
 Works with DDR3 memory.
LGA1366 or Core i7, Core i7  1366 pins in the socket touch
Socket B Extreme 1366 lands on the processor.
 Works with DDR3 memory.
LGA771 or Core 2 Extreme  771 pins in the socket touch
Socket J 771 lands on the processor.
 Used on high-end workstations
and low-end servers.
LGA775 or Core 2 Extreme, Core  775 pins in the socket touch
Socket T 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo, 775 lands on the processor.
Pentium Dual-Core,  Works with DDR3 and DDR2
Pentium Extreme memory.
Edition, Pentium D,
Pentium 4, and
Celeron
Socket 478 Pentium 4, Celeron  478 holes in the socket are used
by 478 pins on the processor.
 Uses a dense micro Pin Grid
Array (mPGA).
Socket 423 Pentium 4  423 holes in the socket are used
by 423 pins on the processor.
 39 x 39 SPGA grid.
Processor Sockets for AMD
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AMD USED BY DESCRIPTION
SOCKET PROCESSOR
NAMES FAMILY
FM2 Used with the Trinity  904 holes for pins (PGA)
line of AMD  Uses AMD Piledriver
processors architecture with integrated
graphics controller in the
processor
 Works with DDR3 memory
 Soon to be released
FM1 AMD A4, A6, A8, E2,  905 holes for pins (PGA)
Athlon II  Works with DDR3 memory
AM3+ AMD FX  942 holes for pins (PGA)
 Uses Bulldozer architecture and
is compatible with AM3
processors
 Works with DDR3 memory
AM3 or Phenom II  941 holes for pins (PGA)
AMD3  Works with DDR3 or DDR2
memory
AM2+ or Phenom II, Phenom,  Works with DDR2 memory
AMD2+ and Athlon  940 holes for pins (PGA)
 Faster than AMD2
Socket F Opteron, Athlon 64  1207 pins for lands on the
(1207) or F FX bottom of the processor
 Used with servers and high-end
workstations
AM2, AMD2, Athlon, Phenom,  940 holes for pins (PGA)
or M2 Sempron, Second  Works with DDR2 memory
Athlon 64, Generation Opteron
Socket 940 Athlon  940 holes for pins (PGA)
 Works with DDR memory
Socket 939 Athlon and Sempron  939 holes for pins (PGA)
 Works with DDR memory
Socket 754 Athlon and Sempron  754 holes for pins (PGA) Works
with DDR memory
Socket A Athlon, Sempron,  462 holes for pins (PGA) Works
and Duron with DDR memory
 Cooling System

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 Heat sink: a heat sink is a passive cooling device. It
conducts heat away from the Central Processing Unit,
Northbridge by using a heat conductive metal, most commonly
aluminum or copper, sometimes in combination with heat
pipes. It uses air (most common) or in extreme cooling
situations, water, to remove the heat from the CPU. When air
is used, a fan is often used to increase cooling effectiveness.
 Computer Fan: an example of an active cooling part. It is

usually used with a heatsink. Due to the moving parts, a fan
requires maintenance and possible replacement. The fan
speed or actual fan can be changed for more efficient or
quieter cooling.
 Water Block: A water block is a heat sink suited to use

water instead of air. It is mounted on the Motherboard and
has a hollow inside. Water is pumped through the water block,
transferring the heat into the water, which is then usually
cooled in a radiator. This is the most effective cooling solution
without extreme modification.
 Hard Disk Drives
A hard disk drive (often shortened as hard

disk, hard drive, or HDD) is a non-volatile storage
device that stores digitally encoded data on
rapidly rotating platters with magnetic
surfaces. It is where your OS (Operating
System) is stored. Hard disks have
magnetic surfaces, in this case, any
devices that has magnet must be putted far
away from the hard disk.
 DVD/CD-ROM
DVD, also known as "Digital Versatile Disc" or "Digital Video

Disc", is an optical disc storage media format. Its main uses are video
and data storage. DVDs are of the same dimensions as compact discs
(CDs), but store more than six times as much data.
Variations of the term DVD often describe the way data is stored
on the discs: DVD-ROM (Read Only Memory) has data that can only
be read and not written; DVD-R and DVD+R can record data only
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once, and then function as a DVD-ROM; DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and
DVD-RAM can both record and erase data multiple times.
 The Memory
Memory is installed in memory sockets located on the

motherboard. These are easily locatable by looking for the small
hinges on either side that lock the memory in place.
RAM
Random-access memory (usually known by its acronym RAM)

is a form of computer data storage. Today, it takes the form of
integrated circuits (IC) that allow stored data to be accessed in any
order. The word random thus refers to the fact that any piece of data
can be returned in a constant time, regardless of its physical location
and whether or not it is related to the previous piece of data.
Memory modules come with various storage capabilities.

Modern memory modules can be purchased in 256MB, 512MB, 1GB,
2GB, and 4GB sizes.
Types of RAM:
There are many different types of RAM which have appeared

over the years and it is often difficult knowing the difference between
them both performance wise and visually identifying them. This article
tells a little about each RAM type, what it looks like and how it
performs.
 FPM RAM
FPM RAM, which stands for “Fast Page Mode” is a type of

Dynamic RAM (DRAM). The term “Fast Page Mode” comes from
the capability of memory being able to access data that is on the
same page and can be done with less latency. Most 486 and
Pentium based systems from 1995 and earlier use FPM
Memory.
 EDO RAM

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EDO RAM, which stands for “Extended Data Out RAM”
came out in 1995 as a new type of memory available for
Pentium based systems. EDO is a modified form of FPM RAM
which is commonly referred to as “Hyper Page Mode”. Extended
Data Out refers to fact that the data output drivers on the
memory module are not switched off when the memory
controller removes the column address to begin the next cycle,
unlike FPM RAM. Most early Pentium based systems use EDO.
 SDRAM
SDRAM, which is short for Synchronous DRAM is a type

of DRAM that runs in synchronization with the memory bus.
Beginning in 1996 most Intel based chipsets began to support
SDRAM which made it a popular choice for new systems in
2001.
SDRAM is capable of running at 133MHz which is about

three times faster than FPM RAM and twice as fast as EDO
RAM. Most Pentium or Celeron systems purchased in 1999 have
SDRAM.
 DDR RAM
DDR RAM, which stands for “Double Data Rate” which is

a type of SDRAM and appeared first on the market around 2001
but didn’t catch on until about 2001 when the mainstream
motherboards started supporting it. The difference between
SDRAM and DDR RAM is that instead of doubling the clock rate
it transfers data twice per clock cycle which effectively doubles
the data rate. DDRRAM has become mainstream in the graphics
card market and has become the memory standard.

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 DDR2 RAM
DDR2 RAM, which stands for “Double Data Rate 2” is a

newer version of DDR which is twice as fast as the original DDR
RAM. DDR2RAM came out in mid 2003 and the first chipsets
that supported DDR2 came out in mid 2004. DDR2 still is
double data rate just like the original DDR however DDR2-RAM
has modified signaling which enables higher speeds to be
achieved with more immunity to signal noise and cross-talk
between signals.
 RAMBUS (RIMM) RAM
RAMBUS RDRAM is a type of ram of its own, it came out

in 1999 and was developed from traditional DRAM but its
architecture is totally new. The RAMBUS design gives smarter
access to the ram meaning that units can pre-fetch data and
free some CPU work. The idea behind RAMBUS RAM is to get
small packets of data from the RAM, but at very high clock
speeds. For example, SD RAM can get 64bit of information at
100MHz where RAMBUS RAM would get 16bits of data at
800MHz.

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Memory Module and Bus Standards/Bandwidth
BUS
CLOCK CYCLES BUS TRANSFER
MODULE MODULE CHIP WIDTH
SPEED PER SPEED RATE
STANDARD FORMAT TYPE (BYTES
(MHZ) CLOCK (MT/S) (MBPS)
)
FPM SIMM 60ns 22 1 22 8 177
EDO SIMM 60ns 33 1 33 8 266
PC66 SDR DIMM 10ns 66 1 66 8 533
PC100 SDR DIMM 8ns 100 1 100 8 800
PC133 SDR DIMM 7/7.5ns 133 1 133 8 1,066
PC1600 DDR DIMM DDR200 100 2 200 8 1,600
PC2100 DDR DIMM DDR266 133 2 266 8 2,133
PC2400 DDR DIMM DDR300 150 2 300 8 2,400
PC2700 DDR DIMM DDR333 166 2 333 8 2,667
PC3000 DDR DIMM DDR366 183 2 366 8 2,933
PC3200 DDR DIMM DDR400 200 2 400 8 3,200
PC3500 DDR DIMM DDR433 216 2 433 8 3,466
PC3700 DDR DIMM DDR466 233 2 466 8 3,733
PC4000 DDR DIMM DDR500 250 2 500 8 4,000
PC4200 DDR DIMM DDR533 266 2 533 8 4,266
PC2-3200 DDR2 DIMM DDR2-400 200 2 400 8 3,200
PC2-4200 DDR2 DIMM DDR2-533 266 2 533 8 4,266
PC2-5300 DDR2 DIMM DDR2-667 333 2 667 8 5,333
PC2-6000 DDR2 DIMM DDR2-750 375 2 750 8 6,000
PC2-6400 DDR2 DIMM DDR2-800 400 2 800 8 6,400
PC2-7200 DDR2 DIMM DDR2-900 450 2 900 8 7,200
DDR2-
PC2-8000 DDR2 DIMM 500 2 1000 8 8,000
1000
RIMM1200 RIMM-16 PC600 300 2 600 2 1,200
RIMM1400 RIMM-16 PC700 350 2 700 2 1,400
RIMM1600 RIMM-16 PC800 400 2 800 2 1,600
RIMM2100 RIMM-16 PC1066 533 2 1066 2 2,133
RIMM2400 RIMM-16 PC1200 600 2 1200 2 2,400
RIMM3200 RIMM-32 PC800 400 2 800 4 3,200
RIMM4200 RIMM-32 PC1066 533 2 1066 4 4,266
RIMM4800 RIMM-32 PC1200 600 2 1200 4 4,800
SELF-CHECK 1.1-2

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I. Matching Type. Match the names with the corresponding hardware
components.
1. RAM a.
2. CPU b.
3. Motherboard c.
4. Power Supply d.
5. Hard Disk Drive e.
II. Identification. Identify the following back panel connectors

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ANSWER KEY 1.1-4
I. Matching Type
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. E
II. Identification
1. PS/2 Mouse Port

2. PS/2 Keyboard Port
3. HDMI Port
4. VGA Port
5. DVI Port
6. USB Ports
7. LAN Port

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Tools, Equipment and Testing Devices
After reading this information sheet, the reader will be able to:
1. Identify the different tools and equipment
2. Differentiate materials, tools and equipment devices
 Equipment - the necessary items for a particular purpose.

 Tools - any physical item that can be used to achieve a goal,
especially if the item is not consumed in the process.
 Testing Devices –
The following tools and equipment are classified according to their

functions and uses:

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LAN Card – is a network interface card. This is a computer circuit board or
card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a
network.
Server – is a part of a network. It is a special computer that users on the

network can access to carry out a particular job.
Scanner- it is an input device that read text or illustration printed on paper,

translates the information into a form that a computer can use.
Printer - is a piece of hardware that produces a paper copy (also known as

‘hardcopy’) of the information generated by the computer.
Flash Drive– retains data without electrical power. It is widely used for
BIOS chips and for digital camera and digital music storage

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Long Nose Pliers – is used for holding, bending and stretching the lead of
electronics component or connecting wire.
Soldering Iron – is used to join two or more metal conductors with the
support of soldering lead melted around it.
De-soldering Tool – is used to unsolder unwanted parts or component in

the circuit with the support of soldering pencil.

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Philips Screw Driver- is used to drive or fasten positive slotted screws.
Flat Screw Driver – is used to drive or fasten negative slotted screws.
Anti-Static Wrist Strap- used to safely ground a person working on very

sensitive electronic equipment, to prevent the buildup of static
electricity on their body, which can result in electrostatic discharge
(ESD).
Multi-Tester - Used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of

electricity in computer components.

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SELF-CHECK 1.1-3
A. IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Identify the following tools and equipment.
1. A
2. A
3.
4.
5.

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ANSWER KEY 1.1-2
A. IDENTIFICATION
1. LAN Card
2. Long Nose Pliers
3. Anti-Static Wrist Strap
4. Soldering Iron
5. Multi-Tester

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INFORMATION SHEET NO.:1.1-4
Assembling Computer Hardware
After reading this information sheet, the trainee will be able to:
1. Assemble Computer Hardware
2. Conduct Inventory
This set of instructions will help you assemble a basic computer

capable of running most modern software packages encountered by a casual
user. Modern computers become more affordable when users supplement
their monetary investment with a few hours of effort. This computer build
will be very basic and will be the minimum hardware necessary to have a
functional system. After you have all of the parts and materials needed, it
will take between 2 and 4 hours to assemble your computer and you will
need to be able to use simple hand tools, such as a screwdriver and a pair of
pliers.
Step 1: Procuring Parts
First you will need to buy the parts necessary to build the computer.
The parts we will use in this project are labeled in the image below:

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1. Processor (CPU)
2. Computer Case or System Unit
3. Optical Drive (DVD RW and SATA capable)
4. Memory (RAM)
5. Power Supply
6. SATA Cables
7. Motherboard (SATA Capable)
8. Processor Fan
9. Case Fan
10. Hard Drive (SATA Capable)
11. Assortment of case and drive screws (Not Pictured)
Step 2: Gather Tools and Supplies
Gather the tools you will need for the project:
1. Screwdriver (for slotted and Phillips head screws)

2. Wire cutters and strippers
3. Needle-nosed pliers
4. Utility knife
5. Small flashlight
6. Adjustable wrench
7. Small container to hold screws
8. Heat sink compound
9. Grounding Strap
You may not use every single one of these tools in every installation,
but it is best to have all of them on hand in case you have a use for them.
Warning: Using incorrect tools for a task (such as turning a screw with a knife
blade) can cause equipment damage and bodily injury.
Step 3: Open the Case
Open the computer case by removing the side panels. Find the screws
that hold the side panels in place and remove them (shown in figure 3
circled in red). The panel is removed by first sliding it back then lifting it
away from the case.

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Step 4: Ground Yourself
Put the grounding strap on your wrist (see image below) and connect
the other end to the computer case. If your strap is not equipped with a clip
to hook to the case, find a place to wedge against the metal as shown in
figure 11. This will prevent any buildup of static electricity on your body
from damaging the computer components.
Caution: Static electricity can ruin computer components. Always wear a

grounding strap when handling any internal components.
Step 5: Install Motherboard
To install the motherboard we need parts that should have been

included with your purchased components:
1. I/O Bezel is a trim panel installed in the back of the case that
surrounds the interface ports on the motherboard. It should be
included with the motherboard. The image below shows the contents
of the motherboard box.
2. Standoffs are installed in the case screw holes to create a riser that
separates the case and motherboard. The screws install into the
standoffs. Screws and standoffs should be included with the case, but
it is a good idea to order these items just in case they aren't included.

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Follow these steps to install the motherboard in the case:
1. Install the I/O bezel plate into the opening in the back of the case.
It pushes in from the inside.
2. Install standoffs in the case. The standoffs screw into the
motherboard mounting holes. Check the screw hole locations on
the motherboard for exact placement.
3. Lower the motherboard into the case and align with the I/O bezel.
4. Install the screws.
Caution: To prevent damage to the motherboard it must only contact the

standoffs and screws. All of the standoffs and screws must be installed.
Step 6: Install Hard Drive
The hard drive is the device that stores all of your data. It is 3.5" wide
and needs to be mounted so that you can gain access to the cable
connections on the back. If that is not possible you may need to connect
cables before you install the drive. To mount the drive:
1. Find a 3.5" drive bay to install the drive in. If you have trouble finding
a place to mount the drive consult your case documentation for
suggestions.
2. Slide the drive into place until the screw holes on the sides are lined
up with the holes in the case.
3. Install the screws.
Step 7: Install the CPU
The CPU is the brain of the computer. It is installed on the

motherboard in the socket shown in figure 20.To install the CPU:
1. Find the corner marking that designates pin 1 of the CPU. On this
AMD brand processor, the corner is marked with an arrow. Consult
the manufacturer's documentation for specific information about your
processor.
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2. Lift the small metal rod next to the socket as shown in the image
below.
3. Find the corresponding marking on the CPU socket and insert the
CPU so that the markings are lined up.
4. Push the rod down to lock the processor in place.
Step 8: Install RAM
The RAM is the temporary memory location that the processor works
from. Permanently stored data is pulled from disks and stored in RAM while
the processor works with it. The memory is easy to install:
1. Set the RAM board in the socket as shown in the image below on
the left side. Check to see that the notch in the board is in the
correct location. If it is not, turn it around 180º.
2. Press firmly on both ends of the board to set it into the socket.
Make sure the tabs lock into place as shown in the image below on
the right side.
Caution: Pressing the boards in when the tab is not aligned could cause
damage to the RAM boards as well as the motherboard.
Step 9: Install Power Supply
Consult your case documentation for details and then follow these
directions to install the power supply:

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1. Align the mounting holes in the case and power supply as shown in
the image below.
2. Insert screws and tighten.
Step 10: Connect Cables
With all of the components installed in the case, the jungle of wires
can be daunting. It is important to consult the motherboard manual in order
to make sure proper connections are made. There are two kinds of
connections, power and data.
 Every device that has been installed needs power. In the image below,
the power supply connectors are shown. The motherboard has two
power connections, and there are two connectors specifically for SATA
devices (drives). The other connectors will run fans and other non-
SATA devices.
 Data cables connect drives and front panel devices to the
motherboard. Please consult the motherboard documentation for the
exact placement of connectors.
Warning: Incorrect connections can damage components and cause bodily

injury.
Step 11: Wrap Up

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Now that the components are completely installed, the last thing to do
is to reinstall the side panels on the case. The computer is now ready to be
turned on and to have software loaded on it. If the computer has problems
starting up, check all component connections and mounting to make sure
that you have hooked everything up correctly. Consult individual component
manuals for specific troubleshooting information if problems persist.
TASK SHEET 1.1-4

Title: Procedures in Assembling Computer Hardware

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Performance Objective: Given the procedures in Assembling
Computer Hardware, you should be able to
assemble computer hardware in accordance with
the industry standards.
Supplies/Materials : Computer Manuals, Handouts
Equipment and Tools : Computer with peripherals, Screw Drivers
Procedure:
1. Gather all Materials
2. Open the case.
3. Ground yourself
4. Install motherboard
5. Install hard drive
6. Install the CPU
7. Install RAM
8. Install Power Supply
9. Connect Cables
10. Wrap-Up / Cover the case
Assessment Method:
 Lecture-Demonstration
 Self-paced Instruction
 Group Discussion

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PERFORMANCE CHECKLIST 1.1-4
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Gather all Materials?
2. Open the case?
3. Ground yourself?
4. Install motherboard?
5. Install hard drive?
6. Install the CPU?
7. Install RAM?
8. Install Power Supply?
9. Connect Cables?
10. Wrap-Up / Cover the case?

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INFORMATION 1.1-4
Configuring BIOS Setting
After reading the information sheet, the trainees will be able to:
1. Configure BIOS setting
2. Identify the function of BIOS
This section describes how to view and/or modify the Basic

Input/output System (BIOS) settings. The BIOS Setup utility reports system
information and can be used to configure the server BIOS settings.
BIOS have a Setup utility stored in the BIOS flash memory. The
configured data is provided with context-sensitive Help and is stored in the
system's battery-backed CMOS RAM. If the configuration stored in the
CMOS RAM is invalid, the BIOS settings default to the original state
specified at the factory.
Principal Duties of the BIOS during POST:
Power on Self-Test (POST) is a process performed by firmware or

software routines immediately after a computer or other digital electronic
device is powered on.
1. Identify, organize and select which devices are available for booting
2. Find, Size and Verify system main memory
3. Verify CPU Registers
4. Verify the integrity of the BIOS code itself.
5. Verify basic components like timer, interrupt controller.
Access BIOS Utilities
Access BIOS set-up configuration and to change the system’s

parameters, complete the following:
1. Start the computer.
2. Press ESC, F12, DELETE, or F10 during the initial startup screen.
Depending on the BIOS manufacturer, a menu may appear.

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3. Use the left and right arrow keys to select the different menu
options.
4. To select an option on a top-level screen, use the up and down

arrow keys to scroll up and down the options presented.
5. Modify the setup field and press the ESC or backspace key to save
the changes and exit the screen
6. On sub-screens that only provide configuration information and

cannot be modified, press the Esc key to exit the screen.
7. To continue modifying other setup parameters, repeat Step 3

through Step 6. Otherwise, go to Step 8.
8. Press and release the right arrow key until the Exit menu screen
appears.
9. Follow the instructions on the Exit menu screen to save or discard

your changes and exit the BIOS Setup utility.

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BIOS SETUP SCREENS SUMMARY
SCREEN DESCRIPTION
General product information, including BIOS type,
Main
processor, memory, and time/date.
Configuration information for the CPU, memory, IDE,
Advanced Super IO, trusted computing, USB, PCI, MPS and
other information.
Configure the server to clear NVRAM during system
PCI
boot.
Configure the boot device priority (storage drives and
Boot
the DVD-ROM drive).
Security Set or change the user and supervisor passwords.
Chipset View the configuration of server chipsets.
Save changes and exit, discard changes and exit,
Exit
discard changes, or load optimal or fail-safe defaults.

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TASK SHEET 1.1-5
Title: Procedures in Configuring BIOS Settings
Performance Objective: Given the procedures in Configuring BIOS

setting, you should be able to change the settings
of the BIOS.
Equipment : Computer with peripherals
Steps/Procedure:
1. Start the Computer
2. Press the DEL button to enter bios utility menu
3. Use the Left – Right Arrow to move menu settings
4. Modify the setup field and press the ESC or backspace key to
save the changes and exit the screen
5. Press and release the right arrow key until the Exit menu
screen appears.
6. Follow the instructions on the Exit menu screen to save or
discard your changes and exit the BIOS Setup utility.
Assessment Method:

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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 1.1-5
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Start the Computer?
2. Press the DEL button to enter bios utility menu?
3. Use the Left – Right Arrow to move menu settings?
4. Modify the setup field and press the ESC or
backspace key to save the changes and exit the
screen?
5. Press and release the right arrow key until the Exit
menu screen appears?
6. Follow the instructions on the Exit menu screen to
save or discard your changes and exit the BIOS
Setup utility?

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LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 2: PREPARE INSTALLER
Assessment Criteria:
1. Portable bootable devices are created in accordance with software
manufacturer instruction
2. Customized installers are prepared in accordance with software
utilization guide and end user agreement.
3. Installation of portable applications are carried out in accordance with
software user guide and software license
Contents
 Creating portable bootable devices.
 Preparing customized installers.
 Installation of portable applications.
Conditions
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Tools and test instruments
 PC or workstation
 Computer peripherals/devices
 Appropriate OS, drivers and software applications/programs
Methodologies
 Lecture-demonstration
 Self-paced instruction
 Group discussion
Assessment methods
1. Hands-on

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Learning Outcome 2
PREPARE INSTALLER
on Different Types of Bootable
Software
Answer Self-Check No. 2.1-1

Key 2.1-1
Create Customized Installers

Installation of Portable
Applications


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Different Types of Bootable Software
1. Identify the different bootable makers
What is Boot, Booting and Bootable Devices?
Here’s the story of a technical word called boot, normally we use this
word to describe ‘startup’ in our computer system and it can our
computer’s bios or maybe our system’s hard drive etc.
Mainly this word “boot” comes from the word Bootstrapping and this
bootstrapping term originally appears in early 19th century in the United
States.
A Boot Loader is a computer program which is responsible for

managing and starting operating system software of the computer after
when the power-on self-tests gets completed.
Once the bios initialize the operating system, it starts to copy its files
into the computer memory and after that; the Operating System basically
takes control over the whole booting process.
What Is Bootable Device?
In a computer language, a bootable device a storage device where

boot loader is located and have a free access for your bios to compile it, in a
normal language a bootable device is a part of computer hardware that can
read or contains the files required for a computer to start.
Installations from a USB flash drive have become one of the easiest
ways to update your computer with a new operating system. A USB
installation is quick, extremely portable, and has the bonus of reverting to a
storage device following the install.
You’ll find a fair few ISO to USB tools out there, and they feature a
range of tools for beginners and advanced users. Let’s take a look at the
burn time, and the resources available to each software.
Now, in no particular order, here are the ISO to USB burning tools
with their respective times:

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1. RUFUS
Features: Partition schemes, file systems,

automatic ISO detection, target system
type, mode of bootable, bad sector
checks, ISO write mode.
First up, Rufus. Rufus is a very small

executable that has consistently improved
its offerings over the years. Along with
standard ISO to USB options such as
cluster size and file system, Rufus now
automatically detects settings for the ISO
you select and fills in the optimal
settings. Rufus clocked in at 21m12s
which is definitely not the fastest.
Regardless, Rufus is an excellent ISO to
USB tool.
2. Windows USB/DVD Download Tool
Features: None
Such an eloquent name.

You select your ISO. You select
your media type; USB or DVD.
You click Begin Copying, and off
it goes. In what is the most basic
of basic UIs, and with only two
options, the Windows USB/DVD
Download Tool is almost
sublimely simple, comparable
only to ISO to USB.
Windows USB/DVD
Download Tool came home in
17m51s which puts it toward the
top of the ISO to USB timings
board.

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3. YUMI
Features: Multiboot, ISO

auto-download
YUMI (Your
Universal Multiboot
Installer) is another
multiboot ISO to USB
installer with settings
for a vast range of
Linux, Windows, and
system utility ISOs.
YUMI is easy to use.
You scroll down the
distribution list and
check for the ISO you
want, then select the
corresponding ISO on
your system from the
box below.
4. WinSetUpFromUSB
WinSetUpFromUSB is yet
another popular and feature-rich
bootable media creator for
Windows. Though
WinSetUpFromUSB is specifically
designed to create bootable
Windows drives, you can also
create bootable Linux
distributions using SysLinux or
IsoLinux. Apart from creating
boot drives for regular operating
systems, WinSetUpFromUSB is
also capable of creating bootable
media for WinBuilder, WinPE,
BartPE, UBCD4Win, etc.

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SELF-CHECK NO. 2.1-1
I. IDENTIFICATION
1. A storage device where boot loader is located and have a free

access for your bios to compile it.
2. A computer program which is responsible for managing and
starting operating system software of the computer after when the
power-on self-tests gets completed.
3. Describe ‘startup’ in our computer system.
II. ENUMERATION
1. Name the different USB tools to create a bootable devices.

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ANSWER KEY NO. 2.1-1
I. IDENTIFICATION
1. Bootable Devices
2. Booting
3. Boot
II. ENUMERATION
1. Rufus
2. Yumi
3. Windows USB/DVD Download Tool
4. WinSetUpFromUSB

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Create Customized Installers
1. Create customize installers
2.
Create bootable USB drives the easy way using RUFUS
Rufus is a utility that helps format and create bootable USB flash
drives, such as USB keys/pen drives, memory sticks, etc.
It can be especially useful for cases where:
 You need to create USB installation media from bootable ISOs

(Windows, Linux, UEFI, etc.)
 You need to work on a system that doesn't have an OS installed
 You need to flash a BIOS or other firmware from DOS.
 You want to run a low-level utility.
Despite its small size, Rufus provides everything you need!
Requirements:
 Windows XP or later, 32 or 64 bit doesn't matter.
 Rufus Application
 ISO file
 Flash Drives
Use Rufus to Write an .ISO File
1. Download Rufus. Rufus is a standalone program and does not require

installation.
2. Insert Flash Drive to your USB port.
3. Open the Rufus program from where you downloaded it to run it.
4. Select Create a bootable disk using and choose ISO Image from the drop-
down menu. Click the disc icon and browse to your Windows .iso file and
select it.
5. To ensure the flash drive is compatible with UEFI, select FAT32 for "File
System".

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6. To create the flash drive with the "Press any key to boot from USB"
prompt, select the Create extended label and icon files option.
7. When you are done selecting options, click Start When prompted,
confirm that you want to erase the flash disk.
8. The .iso files will start copying to the flash drive (the process can take
several minutes). When Rufus is done, close the program and eject and
remove the flash drive.

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TASK SHEET 2.1-2
Title: Procedures in creating bootable device using RUFUS
Performance Objective: Given the procedures in creating bootable flash
drive, you should be able to create a bootable flash
drive.
Equipment : Computer with peripherals, Flash Drives
Steps/Procedure:
1. Download Rufus. Rufus is a standalone program and does not require
installation.
2. Insert Flash Drive to your USB port
3. Open the Rufus program from where you downloaded it to run it.
4. Select create a bootable disk using and choose ISO Image from the drop-
down menu.
5. Click the disc icon and browse to your Windows .iso file and select it.
6. To ensure the flash drive is compatible with UEFI, select FAT32 for "File
System".
7. When you are done selecting options, click Start When prompted, confirm
that you want to erase the flash disk.
8. The .iso files will start copying to the flash drive (the process can take
several minutes).
9. Wait until Rufus message box pop-up and says successful.
10. When Rufus is done, close the program and eject and remove the flash
drive
Assessment Method:

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CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Download RUFUS?
2. Insert flash drive to your USB port?
3. Open the Rufus program?
4. Select create a bootable disk using and choose
ISO Image from the drop-down menu?
5. Click the disc icon and browse to your
Windows .iso file and select it?
6. Ensure the flash drive is compatible with UEFI;
select FAT32 for "File System"?
7. Start when prompted; confirm that you want to
erase the flash disk?
8. See Rufus message box pop-up and says
successful?
9. Close the program and eject and remove the
flash drive?
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA NO. 2.1-2

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Installation of Portable Applications
1. Identify the different portable applications
2. Install a portable application
A portable application (portable app) is a software product designed

to be easily moved from one computing environment to another. They
include portable versions of regular applications – such as browsers, for
example – as well as specialized apps designed to enhance mobile
computing. Portable apps are typically open source and either free, low-cost
or donation-funded.
Portable apps are usually stored on USB drives but can be stored on
some other flash media. A portable app may also be uploaded to a cloud
storage service, such as Dropbox or Google Drive, and accessed online. In
either case, portable apps can be used on any compatible device, wherever
the user is.
A portable app is not installed and as a rule, does not put associated
files and configuration information on the host device but stores all
application files and data together. Because files and data are self-
contained, portable apps run independently of the host operating system
(OS).
Nevertheless, portable apps are created for compatibility with specific

operating systems. The portability in portable apps refers to the way they
can be physically carried from one place to another, not interoperability
among different operating systems. Software portability (a different concept)
involves software that is written so that the source code can be compiled for
different platforms.
Portable Windows Applications
A portable application does not leave its files or settings on the host
computer or modify the existing system and its configuration. The
application does not write to the Windows registry or store its configuration
files (such as an INI file) in the user's profile; instead, it stores its
configuration files in the portable directory. Another requirement, since file
paths will often differ on changing computers due to variation in Windows
drive letter assignments, is the need for applications to store them in a
relative format. While some applications have options to support this
behavior, many programs are not designed to do this. A common technique
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for such programs is the use of a launcher program to copy necessary
settings and files to the host computer when the application starts and move
them back to the application's directory when it closes.
An alternative strategy for achieving application portability within

Windows, without requiring application source code changes, is application
virtualization: An application is "sequenced" or "packaged" against a runtime
layer that transparently intercepts its file system and registry calls, then
redirects these to other persistent storage without the application's
knowledge. This approach leaves the application itself unchanged, yet
portable.
The same approach is used for individual application components:

run-time libraries, COM components or ActiveX, not only for the entire
application. As a result, when individual components are ported in such
manner they are able to be: integrated into original portable applications,
repeatedly instantiated (virtually installed) with different
configurations/settings on the same operating system (OS) without mutual
conflicts. As the ported components do not affect the OS-protected related
entities (registry and files), the components will not require administrative
privileges for installation and management.
Microsoft saw the need for an application-specific registry for its

Windows operating system as far back as 2005. It eventually incorporated
some of this technology, using the techniques mentioned above, via its
Application Compatibility Database using its Detours code library, into
Windows XP. It did not make any of this technology available via its system
APIs.
Portability on Linux and Unix-like Systems
Programs written with a Unix-like base in mind often do not make any
assumptions. Whereas many Windows programs assume the user is an
administrator—something very prevalent in the days of Windows 95/98/ME
(and to some degree in Windows XP/2000, though not in Windows Vista or
Windows 7)—such would quickly result in "Permission denied" errors in
Unix-like environments since users will be in an unprivileged state much
more often. Programs are therefore generally designed to use the HOME
environment variable to store settings (e.g. $HOME/.w3m for the w3m
browser). The dynamic linker provides an environment variable
LD_LIBRARY_PATH that programs can use to load libraries from non-
standard directories. Assuming /mnt contains the portable programs and
configuration, a command line may look like:
A Linux application without need for a user-interaction (e.g. adapting

a script or environment variable) on varying directory paths can be achieved

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with the GCC Linker option $ORIGIN which allows a relative library search
path
Not all programs honor this—some completely ignore $HOME and

instead do a user look-up in /etc/passwd to find the home directory,
therefore thwarting portability.
There are also cross-distro package formats that do not require admin
rights to run, like Autopackage, klik (now called AppImage), or CDE, but
which gained only limited acceptance and support in the Linux community
in the 2000s.[6][7][8] Around 2015 the idea of portable and distro
independent packing for the Linux ecosystem got more traction when Linus
Torvalds discussed this topic on the DebConf 2014 and endorsed later
AppImage for his dive log application Subsurface.[9][10][11] For instance,
MuseScore and Krita followed in 2016 and started to use AppImage builds
for software deployment.[12][13] RedHat released in 2016 the Flatpak
system, which is an successor of Alexander Larsson's glick project which
was inspired by klik (now AppImage).[14] Similarly, Canonical released in
2016 Snap packages for Ubuntu and many other Linux distros.
Downloading and Installing - Step By Step
If you're not as familiar with downloading software and then installing

it where you need it to be, this is the guide for you. It explains in a step by
step fashion, how to download an app (or the suite) and install it to the
portable device of your choice.
Downloading:
1. Decide What You Want - The first step is to decide what you want to
get. Do you want a copy of Firefox Portable to run by itself? Or do you
want to download the full PortableApps Suite so you have a whole
platform for portable apps? For most folks, getting the whole suite is
recommended.
2. Browse to the App Page - Now that you've decided what you'd like to
get, browse to the app's page with its logo and the big download
button. If you scroll down to the download details section of that page,
it'll tell you how much space it will take up on your device.
3. Click the Download Button - Click the big red download button
4. Select a Mirror - The next page lets you select a mirror. This is just a
technical way of saying, select a download server that's close to you
geographically so your download will be faster. You'll see servers all

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over the world. Pick one nearby and then click the Download link in
the right-hand column of the table for the server you've chosen.
5. Save it Locally - Your browser will usually ask you where you'd like
to save the file at this point. We recommend saving it right to your
computer's desktop so it's easy to find.
6. Wait for it to finish - The download will begin. After it finishes, you
can move on to installing
Installing:
Now, installing is a bit different depending on whether you are installing

the suite, installing an app within the suite or just installing a standalone
app.
Installing the Portable Apps
1. Start the Installer - Find the installer you downloaded in the steps
above (usually on your desktop) and double-click it to start the install
process.
2. Install To - The installer will ask where you'd like to install to. It's
best to select the "root directory" of your portable device. So, if your
portable device is plugged in and shows up as drive E in Windows
Explorer, you'd select the path E:\ You can easily just click the
browse button next to the Install To line and then select your drive
and click OK to fill this in.
3. Click Ok - Once you're sure you've picked the right place to install to,
just click ok.
4. Waiting - Installation will take a while. It will take anywhere from 1 to

20 minutes depending on the speed of your drive. There will be times
where the progress bar isn't moving during this time. Be patient. It's
installing. If your portable device has a little light on it that lights up
when it's being used, you'll see it flickering.
5. You're done - Once the install window goes away, it's installed. You
can use the suite by browsing to your portable device and double-
clicking on the StartPortableApps.exe file.

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Installing an App Manually
1. Start the Installer - Find the installer you downloaded in the steps
above (usually on your desktop) and double-click it to start the install
process
2. Install To - The installer will ask where you'd like to install to. It's
usually recommended you keep your apps in a PortableApps directory
on your portable device to keep things organized. So, if your portable
device is plugged in and shows up as drive E in Windows Explorer,
you'd select the path E:\PortableApps\ You can easily just click the
browse button next to the Install To line and then select this directory
and click OK to fill this in.
3. Click Ok - Once you're sure you've picked the right place to install to,
just click ok.
4. Waiting - Installation will take a while. It will take anywhere from 1 to

10 minutes depending on the speed of your drive and the app you
selected. There will be times where the progress bar isn't moving
during this time. Be patient. It's installing. If your portable device has
a little light on it that lights up when it's being used, you'll see it
flickering.
5. Install Done - Once the install window goes away, it's installed. You
can use your software by browsing to the location you installed it to
and double-clicking on the launcher (For Firefox Portable, for
instance, it would be FirefoxPortable.exe). If you're using the
PortableApps Menu and you installed manually, just click Options
and then Refresh App Icons within the menu to make your new app
show up.

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TASK SHEET 2.1-1
Title: Procedures in Installing Portable Applications
Performance Objective: Given the procedures in installing portable
applications
Equipment : Computer with peripherals, Flash Drives
Steps/Procedure:
1. Start the installer(Click setup.exe)
2. Installed to.. (the path you want)
3. Click Ok
4. Wait for the application to finish
5. Click Done
Assessment Method:

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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA NO. 2.1-3
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Start the installer (Click setup.exe)?
2. Installed to.. (the path you want)?
3. Click Ok?
4. Wait for the application to finish?
5. Click Done?

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LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 3: INSTALL OPERATING SYSTEM
AND DRIVERS FOR
PERIPHERALS /DEVICES
Assessment Criteria:
1. Operating system (OS) is installed in accordance with established
installation procedures and to comply with end-user requirements
2. Peripherals/devices drivers are installed and configured in accordance
with manufacturer’s instructions and/or OS installation procedures.
3. OS and drivers updates/patches are accessed and installed in
accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations and requirements
4. On-going checks of the quality of the work are undertaken in
accordance with established procedures
Contents
 Install operating system (OS)
 Install peripherals/devices drivers.
 OS and drivers updates/patches.
Conditions
 The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
Methodologies
 Lecture-demonstration
 Self-paced instruction
 Group discussion
Assessment Methods
1. Hands-on

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Learning Outcome 3
INSTALL OPERATING SYSTEM AND DRIVERS FOR

PERIPHERALS/ DEVICES
Operating System

Criteria Checklist No. 3.1-1
Device Drivers or Peripheral
drivers

Read Information Sheet 3.3-3 The
Importance of Updating our
Operating System and Device
Drivers


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Operating System
1. Explain the functions of an Operating System
2. Differentiate Operating system from other System Programs
3. Identify widely used Operating systems
Software
Software is a set of programs and data that a computer uses. It is

kept on a hardware device such as a hard disk or floppy disk, but it is
intangible. Say that you have a floppy disk with a program saved on it. Now
say that you erase the program from the disk. The atoms and molecules of
the disk are the same ones as before, but now the program is "gone." The
intangible software has been removed without removing anything tangible.
Software consists of both programs and data. Programs are lists of

instructions for the processor. Data can be any information that a program
needs: character data, numerical data, image data, audio data, and
countless other types. The distinction between programs and data is not as
clear-cut as you might think, however.
Fundamental Idea: Both programs and data are saved in computer

memory in the same way. The electronics of computer memory (both main
memory and secondary memory) make no distinction between programs and
data.
The insight that both programs and data can be saved using the same
electronic methods is one of the most important ideas in computer science.
Computer systems can use their memory for whatever needs arise.
Types of Programs
There are two categories of programs. Application programs (usually

called just "applications") are programs that people use to get their work
done. Computers exist because people want to run these programs. System
programs keep all the hardware and software running together smoothly.
The difference between "application program" and "system program" is fuzzy.
Often it is more a matter of marketing than of logic.

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APPLICATION PROGRAMS SYSTEM PROGRAMS
Word processors Operating system
Game programs Networking system
Spreadsheets Database system
Data base systems Programming language software
Graphics programs Web site server
Web browsers Data backup
The most important systems program is the operating system. The

operating system is always present when the computer is running. It
coordinates the operation of all the hardware and software components of
the computer system. The operating system is responsible for starting
application programs running and finding the resources that they need.
When an application program is running, the operating system manages the
details of the hardware for it. For example, when you type characters on the
keyboard, the operating system determines which application program they
are intended for and does the work of getting them there.
Modern operating systems usually come with a user interface that

enables users to easily interact with application programs (and with the
operating system itself) by using windows, buttons, menus, icons, the
mouse, and the keyboard. Examples of operating systems are Unix,
Windows 98, Windows NT, Linux, Solaris, and System 7.
Operating System
The operating system is a complex collection of many programs

concerned with keeping the hardware and software components of a
computer system coordinated and functioning. It is like a shop keeper who
keeps a shop in order by attending to customers, handling supplier
deliveries, stocking the shelves, doing the bookkeeping, and so on.
The operating system is software; the same hardware can be used
with many different operating systems (although only one at a time.)
Sometimes the operating system on a computer becomes corrupted (perhaps
because of a computer virus) and must be tediously re-installed. Until it is
up and running again, other programs will not be available.

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Structures of Operating System
Ring Structure
The image above is a typical representation of operating System (OS)

as a ring-structure that you may find in reference book mainly for UNIX OS.
The outermost is the user ring and the innermost is the hardware. In
operating system programming we do not deal a lot with the hardware
(except the I/O and leave the hardware designer to do that works) so we
normally reach at the kernel as the innermost. If comparing to the earth, the
core or kernel should be the innermost. From the Figure, there is no way
the user can directly access other ring layer without going through the other
ring layers so we need interfaces, for example, implemented as Application
Programming Interfaces (APIs) etc. A supervisor, also a user but with higher
privileges normally having the control of the operating system.
The image on the next page illustrates the overall structure of

Windows NT. Its highly modular structure gives Windows NT the flexibility.
NT can execute on variety of hardware platforms and supports applications
written for a variety of other OSes too. As virtually all OSes, NT separates
application-oriented software from OS software. The latter runs in what is
generally referred to as privileged mode or kernel mode. Kernel-mode
software has access to system data and to the hardware. The remaining
software, running in user mode, has limited access to system data. The
kernel-mode software is referred to as the NT executive. Whether it is
running on a uniprocessor or multiprocessor, a CISC (Intel) or RISC
(Motorola) system, most of NT sees the same view of the underlying
hardware. To achieve this independence, the OS system consists of four
layers:

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Layered Structure
1. HAL: Maps between generic hardware commands and responses and

those unique to a specific platform such as Intel Pentium, a Motorola
PowerPC or the defunct DEC Alpha processor. The HAL makes each
machine’s system bus, DMA controller, interrupt controller, system
timers and memory module look the same to the kernel. It also
delivers the support needed for symmetric multiprocessing (multi-
processor). Through the HAL NT system should be platform
independent.
2. Kernel: Consists of the most used and most fundamental

components of the OS. The kernel manages scheduling and context
switching, exception and interrupt handling, and multiprocessor
synchronization.
3. Subsystems: Include a variety of modules for specific functions,

which make use of the basic services provided by the kernel.
4. System services: Provide an interface to user-mode software.
From the image also we can see that the I/O Manager subsystem
bypasses the HAL to interact directly with the hardware. This is necessary to
achieve the efficiency and throughput required for I/O operation. The
protected subsystems are those parts of NT that interact with the end user.
A protected subsystem provides a graphical or command-line user interface
that defines the look and feel of the OS for a user. Additionally, each
protected subsystem provides the application programming interface (API)
for that particular operating environment. This means that applications
created for a particular operating environment may run unchanged on NT
because the OS interface that they see is the same as that for which they
were written.

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Starting a Program
When a computer is started up, the hardware will automatically load

the operating system and start it running. This process is called booting.
The reason for this odd term is that the operating system is itself involved in
getting itself running---a process that is like someone "pulling themselves up
by their bootstraps." Once the operating system is running, it is used to
start up any other program.
Tasks of OS when running an application program.
1. The OS determines the name of the application.
2. The OS finds the section of the hard disk where the application
program and its data are stored.
3. The OS finds an unused section of main memory that is large enough

for the application.
4. The OS makes a copy of the application and its data in that section of
main memory.
 The software on the hard disk is unchanged; a copy of it has

been made in main memory
5. The OS sets up resources for the application.
6. Finally, the OS starts the application running.
As the application runs, the OS is there in the background managing

resources, doing input and output for the application, and keeping
everything else running.
Different Types of Operating System
Different operating systems run on different types of hardware and are

designed for different types of applications. For example, iOS is designed for
iPhones and iPad tablets, while Mac desktops and laptops use macOS. Your
computer or smartphone comes equipped with an OS, but you can install
another one in some cases.
 Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows has existed in one form or another since

1985, and it remains the most popular operating system for home and
office computers. Its latest versions, including Windows 10, are also
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used on some tablets, and the OS is used on some web and number-
crunching server computers as well. Computers from a wide variety of
manufacturers can use Windows.
Initial versions of Windows worked with an earlier Microsoft

operating system called MS-DOS, providing a modern graphical
interface on top of DOS's traditional text-based commands. Signature
features of Microsoft Windows's user interface include windows
themselves – rectangle-shaped, on-panel screens that represent
individual applications. The Windows Start menu has helped
generations of users find programs and files on their devices.
Efforts to use versions of the Windows OS for smartphones have

been less successful.
 Apple iOS
Apple's iOS is one of the most popular smartphone operating

systems, second only to Android. It runs on Apple hardware, including
iPhones, iPad tablets and iPod Touch media players.
Signature features of iOS include the App Store where users

buy apps and download free software, an emphasis on security
including strong encryption to limit what unauthorized users can
extract from the phone, and a simple, streamlined interface with
minimal hardware buttons.
 Google's Android OS
Android is the most popular operating system in the world

judging by the number of devices installed. Largely developed by
Google, it's chiefly used on smartphones and tablets. Unlike iOS, it
can be used on devices made by a variety of different manufacturers,
and those makers can tweak parts of its interface to suit their own
needs.
Users can download custom versions of the operating system

because large portions of it are open source, meaning anyone can
legally modify it and publish their own. However, most people prefer to
stick with the version that comes on their devices.
Android, like iOS, comes with an application and media store

called the Play Store built by Google. Some phone manufacturers and
other organizations also offer their own stores to install software and
media.

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 Apple macOS
Apple's macOS, successor to the popular OS X operating

system, runs on Apple laptops and desktops. Based in part on the
historic family of Unix operating systems dating back to research in
the 1960s at AT&T's Bell Labs, macOS shares some features with
other Unix-related operating systems including Linux. While the
graphical interfaces are different, many of the underlying
programming interfaces and command line features are the same.
Signature elements of macOS include the dock used to find

programs and frequently used files, unique keyboard keys including
the Command key, and the stoplight-colored buttons used to resize
open program windows. MacOS is known for its user-friendly features,
which include Siri, a natural-voice personal assistant, and FaceTime,
Apple's video-calling application.
 Linux Operating System
Unlike many other operating systems, development on Linux

isn't led by any one company. The operating system was created by
Finnish programmer Linus Torvalds in 1991. Nowadays, programmers
from all over the world collaborate on its open source code and submit
tweaks to the central kernel software and other programs.
A wide assortment of commercial and open source software is

available for Linux, and various Linux distributions provide custom
user interfaces and tools for installing software onto machines
running the operating system. A favorite of many programmers, Linux
is widely used on corporate and scientific servers, including cloud
computing environments. Linux can be run on a wide variety of
hardware and is available free of charge over the internet.
How to Prepare your Installer and Program
1. Check your system requirements

Confirm that your computer meets the minimum system requirements
for that product.
Note:If you're running Windows, make sure to download/install the
version that matches your operating system (32-bit or 64-bit).
2. Make sure about legitimacy

In some operating system activation is usuallyautomatic.However,
ifyou are prompted for your serial number and product key before you
can run the product, you can find the information you need in your
CD case or package.

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NOTE: Product key and serial number is important so make sure you
that you keep it.
Install Windows 7 Step By Step Procedure
1. Turn your computer on and then press Del or F2 (depend on your

computer’s mainboard) to enter the system BIOS.
2. Select BIOS FEATURES
3. Select HARD DRIVE BBS PRIORITIES

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4. Select BOOT OPTION #1 and the name of your Bootable device.
5. Press any key to boot from USB…..
6. The first window will appear. Click “Next” unless you want to change
some regional settings for the installation process.

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7. Click on the “Install now” button.
8. Tick the I accept the license terms and Click Next.

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9. Select Custom (advanced) to install.
10. Decide on which hard drive and partition you want to install
Windows on and click Next.

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11. Installation process will begin. This may take time.
12. Type a user name (Ex. “BHALDZ”) then click Next

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13. Set a password for your account
14. Choose what sort of protection your computer gets.

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15. Choose your time zone and location. Click on “Next”.
16. Your Computer is now ready to use.
This concludes the Windows 7 installation. Next, you would

probably want to update your computer with the latest hotfixes and/or
patches from Microsoft.

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TASK SHEET 3.1-1
Title: Procedures in Installing Operating System
Performance Objective: Given the procedures in installing

operating system, you should be able to install
new operating system in your computer.
Steps/Procedure:
1. Insert your flash drive
2. Go to BIOS settings
3. Click Custom (Advanced)
4. Install your OS in Local Disk C:/
5. Set your user name to Client
6. Set your password to “p@ssw0rd”
Assessment Method:

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CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Insert your flash drive
2. Go to BIOS settings
3. Click Custom (Advanced)
4. Install your OS in Local Disk C:/
5. Set your user name to Client
6. Set your password to “p@ssw0rd”

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Device Drivers or Peripheral drivers
1. Install device drivers in your computer
A device driver is a particular form of software application that is

designed to enable interaction with hardware devices. Without the required
device driver, the corresponding hardware device fails to work.
A device driver usually communicates with the hardware by means of

the communications subsystem or computer bus to which the hardware is
connected. Device drivers are operating system-specific and hardware-
dependent. A device driver acts as a translator between the hardware device
and the programs or operating systems that use it.
A device driver may also be called a software driver.
The sole purpose of a device driver is to instruct a computer on how to

communicate with the input/output device (I/O) by translating the
operating system's I/O instructions into a language that a device can
understand. There are various types of device drivers for I/O devices such
as keyboards, mice, CD/DVD drives, controllers, printers, graphics cards
and ports.
There are also virtual device drivers (VxD), which are device driver
components that enable direct communication between a hardware device
and an application. Virtual device drivers help to manage the data flow to
enable multiple applications to access the same hardware without a conflict.
When there is an interrupt (a signal from a hardware device), the virtual
device driver configures the next instruction step based on the status of the
hardware device settings.
It is essential that a computer have the correct device drivers for all its
parts to keep the system running efficiently. When first turning on a
computer, the OS works with device drivers and the basic input/output
system (BIOS) to perform hardware tasks. Without a device driver, the OS
would not be able to communicate with the I/O device.
Not only do physical hardware devices rely on a device driver to

function, but software components do as well. Most programs access devices
by using general commands; the device driver translates the language into
specialized commands for the device.

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Many device drivers are provided by the manufacturer or are available
as built-in components of the OS. When hardware and software components
are updated or replaced, this renders the device drivers obsolete.
How to Install Device Drivers
After installing computers, it is difficult for you to find the entire right
driver for the computer; DriverPack Solution will solve this problem for
you.
After installing the operating system for the computer, we have to

install drivers for the computer; however, your computer does not have
internet connection.
DriverPack Solution will solve this problem; you do not need network
to install drivers. All drivers will be installed automatically in 1 compact
USB flash drive or in your hard drive.
How to install Drivers using DriverPack Solution
Step 1: Install and use the program, also you can download the compact
free version of DriverPack Solution.
Step 2: After you have installed the software, the interface appears
We can choose language for ease of use, If you do not like English,
you can choose Vietnamese. I choose English (this is optional)

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Step 3: Click Install to complete the installation process. Now just wait for
Drivers to run to 100% to complete the installation process, and
your computer has been fully installed all drivers, and you can feel
free to use other apps for entertainment as well as other programs
to serve your work.
TASK SHEET 3.1-2

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Title: Procedures in Installing Device drivers
Performance Objective: Given the procedures in installing device

drivers, you should be able to install peripheral
drivers in your computer.
Supplies/Materials : Computer Manuals, Installers
Steps/Procedure:
1. Run DeviceDriver Pack Solution (your preferred version).
2. Click Install and update
3. Click Drivers
4. Wait for the installation to finish
5. Reboot
Assessment Method:

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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 3.1-2
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Run DeviceDriver Pack Solution (your preferred
version).
2. Click Install and update
3. Click Drivers
4. Wait for the installation to finish
5. Reboot

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The Importance of Updating our Operating System and
Device Drivers
1. Update operating system
2. Update device drivers
Why software update is important?
You’re hard at work on your computer or device and a message

suddenly pops up saying, “a software update is available”. You’re busy, so
you click “cancel” instead of “install”, thinking you’ll get to it later, but you
never do. Sound familiar?
The truth is it’s easy to skip software updates because they can take
up a few minutes of our time, and may not seem that important. But this is
a mistake that keeps the door open for hackers to access your private
information, putting you at risk for identity theft, loss of money, credit, and
more.
You may have heard of the recent Equifax data breach, in which 143
million Americans were potentially affected, with Social Security numbers,
birth dates, and home addresses exposed. The hackers were able to access
the credit reporting agency’s data through a known vulnerability in a web
application. A fix for this security hole was actually available two months
before the breach, but the company failed to update its software. This was a
tough lesson, but one that we can all learn from. Software updates are
important because they often include critical patches to security holes.
In fact, many of the more harmful malware attacks we see take

advantage of software vulnerabilities in common applications, like operating
systems and browsers. These are big programs that require regular updates
to keep safe and stable. So instead of procrastinating about software
updates, see those updates as one of the most essential steps you can take
when it comes to protecting your information.
In addition to security fixes, software updates can also include new or

enhanced features, or better compatibility with different devices or
applications. They can also improve the stability of your software, and
remove outdated features.
All of these updates are aimed at making the user experience better.
And while repeated update reminders can be annoying, especially if you

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have a lot of different applications, they can improve your experience in the
long run and ensure that you get the most from your technology.
While some computer software requires you to manually approve and

install updates, updating software on your mobile devices can be a lot
easier. You can select auto-update, ensuring that your mobile apps stay
current. Considering that the average smartphone owner uses 30 apps a
month, and have at least twice that many installed, this could save you a lot
of time and effort.
Now that you know how important software updates can be, here are a
few more tips to keep you safe:
 Know that keeping your security software up-to-date is critical. This

will protect you from the latest threats.
 Select auto-update for software on both your mobile devices and

computers, when possible. For software that doesn’t update
automatically, make it a habit to regularly check for and apply
available updates.
 Before downloading any software, read others’ reviews first to make

sure it’s safe to install in the first place. Cybercriminals like to
distribute phony applications designed to steal your information.
 Keep on top of the latest threats so you know how to protect yourself
from known vulnerabilities.
Procedures in Updating Your Operating System:
1. Open Windows Update by clicking the Start button in the lower left

corner. In the search box, type Update, and then, in the list of results,
click either Windows Update or Check for updates.
2. Click the Check for updates button and then wait while Windows

looks for the latest updates for your computer.
3. If you see a message telling you that important updates are available,
or telling you to review important updates, click the message to view
and select the important updates to install.
4. In the list, click the important updates for more information. Select
the check boxes for any updates that you want to install, and then
click OK.
5. Click Install updates.
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Note: It is important that you do not shut your computer off during the
update process. Doing so can cause a corruption of the operating system,
which can often only be fixed by reformatting the computer.
The Importance of Updating Your PC Device Drivers
A PC has different types of hardware components connected to it. To

communicate with these hardware components the PC requires a software
program, popularly known as a Device Driver. Device drivers are developed
both by operating system developers and hardware manufacturers.
Device Drivers integrated into your operating system are installed

automatically when the hardware devices that use them are connected to
the system. In case your Windows operating system is unable to install the
required driver, you can install it from the CD provided by the manufacturer
or download it either from the manufacturer’s website or from other sources
available on the Internet.
To ensure that the device drivers on your computer stay at their best
performance and are free from any bugs, you need to update them on a
regular basis. This article will help you to have a look at the steps involved
in updating device drivers.
The first step in updating your device driver is to download the latest
driver updates either from the manufacturer’s site or from other reliable
sources available on the internet. Once you have identified the driver you
want to update, download it and save it on your hard disk.
There are some drivers that get automatically updated and installed
when you download them. In case the driver does not update on its own,
you need to follow the following steps to manually update them.
1. The first step is to locate your hardware component in the Device

Manager. To open the Device Manager, right-click the My
Computer icon on your desktop, then select Properties. This will
open the System Properties dialog box. Here, display
the Hardware tab, and then select the Device Manager option.
2. In the Device Manager window you will see a broad list of hardware
devices connected to your PC. For example, you will see Display
Adaptors, Keyboard, Sound Adaptor, mouse and other such devices
listed here. You can navigate through the list of hardware devices by
clicking on the (+) icon.
3. Scroll through the list, identify the driver you want to update, right
click on it and select the Properties option.

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4. In the device properties dialog box, click on the Driver tab and
select Update Driver.
5. Upon selecting the update driver option an update driver wizard will
open. Select the option “Browse my computer for driver software”.
Next, select the option “Let me pick from a list of device drivers on
my computer” from the bottom of the open window.
6. Now, browse to the location where you initially saved the downloaded
file on your hard disk and then click OK.
7. Select the hardware name in the given text box and click on
the Next button. The device driver update will now install on your PC.
After the installation is complete, you might be prompted to restart

your computer. Even if you are not prompted to restart your computer, it is
always advisable to do so because the driver update process requires some
changes to be made in the Windows registry, which are implemented only
after your PC restarts.

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TASK SHEET 3.1-3
Title: Procedures in Updating Device drivers
Performance Objective: Given the procedures in updating device

drivers, you should be able to update device
drivers in your computer.
Supplies/Materials : Computer Manuals, Installers
Steps/Procedure:
1. Open Device Manager
2. Select the driver you want to update
3. Right Click on Properties
4. Select Update driver Software
5. Browse my Computer for software
6. Select Let me pick from a list of device drivers on my
computer
7. Browse the driver
8. Click Update
Assessment Method:

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Did you…. YES NO
1. Open Device Manager?
2. Select the driver you want to update?
3. Right Click on Properties?
4. Select Update driver Software?
5. Browse my Computer for software?
6. Select Let me pick from a list of device?
7. Drivers on my computer?
8. Browse the driver?
JOB SHEET 3.1-4

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Title: Procedures in Installing Operating System
Performance Objective: Given the necessary materials, you should

be able to Install Operating System and install
drivers.
Supplies/Materials : Manuals, Installers
Steps/Procedure:
1. Install Operating System
2. Set your user name to “bhalds”
3. Install drivers
Assessment Method:
 Hands-on
 Direct Observation
 Practical Demonstration

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CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Follow procedures in maintaining network
systems?
2. Observed safety measures?
3. Diagnose and identify faulty systems and cables?
4. Run diagnostics software?
5. Repair and replace faulty systems and cables?
6. Test and repaired/replaced network systems?

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LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 4: Install application software
Assessment Criteria
1. Application software are installed based on software installation
guides, end-user requirements and software license agreement
2. Variation to application software installation is carried out in
accordance to customer/client requirements
3. Software updates are accessed and installed in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendations and requirements
Learning Contents
 Install application software.
 Software updates.
Conditions
Trainees must be provided with the following:

Assessment Method
1. Hands-On
2. Direct Observation

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Learning Experience
Learning Outcome No. 1
INSTALL APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Installing Application Software


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Installing Application Software
1. Know the different types of Application Software
2. Install Applications
Application software consists of programs designed to make users

more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks.
Application software has a variety of uses:
 To make business activities more efficient
 To assist with graphics and multimedia projects
 To support home, personal, and educational tasks
 To facilitate communications
Application software is available in a variety of forms:
 packaged
 custom
 Web application
 Open source
 shareware
 freeware
 public domain
 Packaged software is mass-produced, copyrighted retail software

that meets the needs of a wide variety of users, not just a single
user or company. Packaged software is available in retail stores or
on the Web.
 Custom software performs functions specific to a business or

industry. Sometimes a company cannot find packaged software
that meets its unique requirements.
 A Web application is a Web site that allows users to access and

interact with software from any computer or device that is
connected to the Internet. Many Web sites provide free access to
their programs; some charge a fee.

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 Open source software is software provided for use, modification,
and redistribution. This software has no restrictions from the
copyright holder regarding modification of the software’s internal
instructions and its redistribution.
 Shareware is copyrighted software that is
 Distributed at no cost for a trial period. To

 Use a shareware program beyond that period,
 You send payment to the program developer.
 Freeware is copyrighted software provided
 At no cost by an individual or a company
 That retains all rights to the software.
 Public-domain software has been donated for public use and has
no copyright restrictions. Anyone can copy or distribute public-
domain software to others at no cost.
 Business software is application software that assists people in

becoming more effective and efficient while performing their daily
business activities. Business software includes programs such as
word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation, note taking,
personal information manager, business software for phones,
business software suites, project management, accounting,
document management, and enterprise computing software.
 Word processing software, sometimes called a word processor,

allows users to create and manipulate documents containing
mostly text and sometimes Graphics
 Spreadsheet software allows users to organize data in rows and

columns and perform calculations on the data. These rows and
columns collectively are called a worksheet.
 Database software is application software that allows users to

create, access, and manage a database. Using database software,
you can add, change, and delete data in a database; sort and
retrieve data from the database; and create forms and reports
using the data in the database.
A database is a collection of data organized in a manner that

allows access, retrieval, and use of that data. In a manual
database, you might record data on paper and store it in a filing
cabinet.

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 Presentation software is application software that allows users to
create visual aids for Presentations to communicate ideas,
messages, and other information to a group.
The presentations can be viewed as slides, sometimes called

a slide show, that are displayed on a large monitor or on a
projection screen
How to Install Application Software
Installation of Microsoft office (here I have office 2013 sample)
1. Open the folder for the version of Windows Office that you wish to
install (32-bit or 64-bit).
2. In the folder that opens, double click on the file setup.exe.
3. Read the license agreement, select I accept the terms of this

agreement, and then click Continue.

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4. Click Install Now and Wait while the software is installed.

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5. Once the installation is complete, click Close.
6. Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2013 is now installed and active on

your computer.

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TASK SHEET 4.1-1
Title: Procedures in installing Application Software
Performance Objective: Given the procedures in installing

Application Software, you should be able to
install Microsoft Office.
Equipment : Computer with peripherals, Installers
Steps/Procedure:
1. Open Microsoft Office Folder
2. Click setup.exe
3. Read the license agreement and select I accept the terms of this
agreement, and then click Continue.
4. Click Install Now
5. Wait for the software to finish
6. Click close, once the software is installed.
Assessment Method:

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CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Open Microsoft Office Folder?
2. Click setup.exe?
3. Read the license agreement and select I accept the
terms of this agreement, and then click Continue?
4. Click Install Now?
5. Wait for the software to finish?
6. Click close, once the software is installed?

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LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 5: CONDUCT TESTING AND
DOCUMENTATION
Assessment Criteria
1. Devices / systems and/or installation is tested to determine whether
it conforms to requirements
2. Stress test is conducted to ensure reliability of equipment in
accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and system
requirements
3. 5S and 3Rs are followed according to environmental policies
4. Documentation in relation to the test is forwarded to appropriate
personnel and/or authority in accordance with requirements
Learning Contents
 Conduct Test and Documentation o Software
 Operating system
 Application software
 Device driver
 Hardware
 System Unit
 IO Devices
Conditions
Trainees must be provided with the following:

Assessment Method
4. Demonstration
5. Oral Questioning
6. Written examination

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JOB SHEET 5.1-1
Title: Installing and Configuring Computer System
Performance Objective: Given the necessary materials, you should

be able to Install and Configure Computer
System in accordance to industry standards.
Supplies/Materials : Manuals, Installers
Steps/Procedure:
1. Assemble Computer system.
2. Create Bootable Flash Drive.
3. Install Operating System.
4. Install Drivers.
5. Install Applications.
6. Install Utilities.
Assessment Method:
 Hands-on
 Direct Observation
 Practical Demonstration

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CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Assemble Computer Hardware?
2. Create Bootable Flash Drive?
3. Install Operating System?
4. Install Drivers?
5. Install Applications?
6. Install Utilities?

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Developers:
EDLYN P. CASAL MARGIELEN APRIL JOY

P. ALCOREZA D. PALAHANG
RICKY REYNALD ANNA WIZA

L. BALDADO M. MANZANO A. GRIFON
Administrative Support:
DELMA P. MANILA, DPA, CESO V

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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

Sector : INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

Qualification Title : COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II

Unit of Competency : CREATE TRADIGITAL ANIMATION

Module Title : CREATING TRADIGITAL ANIMATION

METRO DUMAGUETE COLLEGE, INC.

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

The core unit of competency, Create Tradigital Animation, is one of

The module, Creating Tradigital Animation, contains training

In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning

The goal of this module is the development of practical skills. You

This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge

You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

 Read Information Sheet, perform Task Sheet, Job Sheet or Operation

You must pass the Institutional Competency Assessment for this

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Lead workplace Leading workplace

2. Lead small teams Leading small teams 500311110

Develop and practice Developing and practice

Solve problems related to Solving problems related

Use mathematical Using mathematical

Use relevant Using relevant

7. Apply quality standards Apply quality standards ICT315202

Produce Traditional key Producing Traditional key

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

Create 2D digital cut-out Creating 2D digital cut-

Export animation to Exporting animation to

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: Create Tradigital Animation

MODULE TITLE: Creating Tradigital Animation

MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This unit covers the skills and knowledge

NOMINAL DURATION: 140 hours

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE

Answer Self-Check No. 1.1-1

Answer Self-check No. 1.1-2

Answer Self-checks No. 1.1-3

Perform Task Sheet No. 1.1-4

Perform Task Sheet No. 1.1-5

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

During installation and initial test, careful planning and preparation

Safety Procedure is a common task. It is a general knowledge in our

Safety Procedures may be able to promote a great stability of a

5s of Good House Keeping

5S of good housekeeping involves the principle of waste elimination

5S JAPANESE ENGLISH ACTION EFFECTS

Computer Systems Date Developed: Document No.

3R’s of Waste Management

NAME BRIEF EXPLANATION

General Safety Precautions

1. Remove power from the circuit or equipment before working on it.

3. Make sure all equipment is properly grounded.

4. Use extreme caution when removing or installing batteries containing

5. Use cleaning fluids only in well- ventilated spaces.

7. In case of an electrical fire, de-energize the circuit and report it

High Voltage Safety Precautions