PHILIPPINE CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

COURSE CODE: SPECPRO

COURSE TITLE: SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS
COURSE CREDIT: 2 UNITS
FACULTY: KRISYL M. CANCINO
EMAIL ADDRESS: [email protected]
TERM/ACADEMIC YEAR: SECOND SEMESTER SCHOOL YEAR 2021-2022

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

A study of Rules 72 to 109 of the Revised Rules of Court dealing with the procedural rules
on the settlement of estate, escheat, guardianship of incompetents,1 guardianship of
minors,2 adoption,3 habeas corpus, change of name, declaration of absence, and
cancellation of entries in the civil registry including administrative corrections of
clerical errors under Republic Act No. 9048 and appeals in special proceedings. The
study also covers special writs, such as the Rules on writs of Amparo, Habeas Data and
Kalikasan.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. Knowledge/Recollection: Know and recall basic provisions of the Rules of Court

2. Comprehension: Explain, identify and differentiate one rule from another
3. Application: Apply pertinent rule or provision on a case-to-case situation
4. Analysis and Evaluation: Analyze correct application of pertinent rule or
provision based on existing jurisprudence and rationale of the provision

ASSESSMENT/GRADING SYSTEM:
The student will be graded according to the following:

Recitations and Quizzes (quiz is 30%

equivalent to 1 recitation)
Midterms 30%
Finals 40%
Total 100%

COVERAGE

I. Special Proceedings
A. Definition
B. Distinguished from a civil action
 Pacific Banking Corp. Employees Org. v. CA, GR 109373. March
20, 1995; 242 SCRA 492
C. What are the special proceedings: other special proceedings
D. What governs special proceedings

II. Settlement of estate of Deceased Persons

A. Venue and Jurisdiction (Rule 73)
a. Extent of jurisdiction of probate court

1 Rules 92-97
2 A.M. No. 03-02-05-SC
3 Rules 99-100 were superseded by the Rule on Adoption (A.M. No. 02-6-02) effective August 22, 2002 in relation to Republic Act

No. 8552, otherwise known as (Domestic Adoption Act of 1998) and Republic Act No. 8043 (Inter-country Adoption Act of 1995)
 b. Powers and duties of probate court

B. Kinds of Settlement
a. Extrajudicial (Rule 74)
1. Extrajudicial settlement by agreement between the parties, when
allowed
2. Affidavit of Self-adjudication by sole heir
a. Two-year prescriptive period for creditors to file claim
b. Remedies of aggrieved parties after extrajudicial settlement of
estate
b. Judicial
1. Summary settlement of estate of small value, when allowed (Rule 74)
2. By petition
a. Intestate
i. Petition for letters of Administration (Rule 78)
b. Testate
i. Petition for Allowance of Will and Letters
Testamentary (Rules 75-79)
ii. Petition for Allowance of Will and for Letters of
Administration with Will Annexed (Rules 75-79)
3. By Action for Partition (Rule 69)

C. Production and Probate of Will (Rule 75)

a. Nature of Probate Proceeding; reason for necessity of probate
b. Who are required to produce Will

D. Allowance or Disallowance of Will (Rule 76)

a. Contents of petition for allowance of Will
b. Who may petition for probate/allowance of Will
c. Persons entitled to notice
d. Proof needed for allowance of Will
e. Grounds for disallowing Will
f. Reprobate (Rule 77)
g. Requisite before a Will proved abroad would be allowed in the
Philippines
h. Effects of Probate

E. Letters of Testamentary and of Administration (Rule 78)

a. Who are incompetent to serve as executor or administrator
b. When Letters of Testamentary issued
c. When and to whom Letters of Administration issued. Order of
preference
d. Opposition to issuance of Letters Testamentary; Simultaneous filling
of petition for administration/Contents of petition (Rule 79)
e. Appointment of Special Administrator vs. Regular (Rule 80)
f. Bonds of Executors and Administrators (Rule 81)
g. Revocation of Administration; Death, Resignation, Grounds for
Removal of Executors or Administrators (Rule 82)
h. Powers and Duties of executors (Rule 84)
i. Accountability and Compensation of Executors and Administrators
(Rule 85)
 F. Claims against the Estate (Rule 86)
a. Time within which claims shall be filed; exceptions
b. Statute of non-claims
c. Claim of Executor or Administrator against the estate
d. Payment of Debts of the estate (Rule 88)
e. Sales, Mortgages and other encumbrances of property of Decedent
(Rule 89)

G. Actions By and Against the Executor and Administrator (Rule 87)

a. Actions that may be brought against Executors and Administrators
b. Requisites before creditor may bring an action for recovery of property
fraudulently conveyed by the decedent

H. Distribution and Partition (Rule 90)

a. Liquidation
b. Project of Partition
c. Remedy of an heir entitled to residue but not given his share
d. Instances when probate court may issue writ of execution.

Cases for Rules 73-90

1. Suntay v. Suntay, 95 Phil 500 (1954)
2. Uriarte v. CFI of Negros Occidental, G.R. No. L-21938-39, 29 May
1970
3. Intestate Estate of Wolfson, G.R. No. L-28054, 15 June 1972.
4. Mayor v. Tiu, G.R. No. 203770, 23 November 2016.
5. Santos v. Castillo, G.R. No. L-45463, 18 March 1937.
6. Cañeda vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 103554, 28 May 1993
7. Buot v. Dujali, G.R. No. 199885, October 2, 2017
8. Gilda Jardeleza (deceased) substituted by her heirs v. Sps Melecio
and Elizabeth Jaredeleza, JMB Traders Inc. and Teodoro
Jardeleza
G.R. No. 167975, June 17, 2015
9. MIMCO and the Heirs Of Edward T. Marcelo, Namely, Katherine
J. Marcelo, Anna Melinda J. Marcelo Revilla, And John Steven J.
Marcelo Vs. Jose T. Marcelo, Jr. G.R. No. 209651, November 26,
2014
10. Guevarra vs. Guevarra, 74 Phil 749
11. Uy vs. Lee, G.R. No. 176831, January 15, 2010
12. Codoy vs. Calugay, 312 SCRA 333
13. Pastor vs. CA, G.R. No. 56340, June 24, 1983
14. Nuguid vs. Nuguid, 17 SCRA 44
15. Nepomuceno vs. CA, 139 SCRA 206
16. Pizarro vs. CA, August 6, 1980
17. Bermudo vs. Tayag-Roxas, February 2, 2011
18. Metrobank vs. Absolute Management Corp., January 9, 2013
19. Sheaker vs. Estate of Sheaker, G.R. No. 157912, December 13, 2007
20. Gabatan vs, CA, G.R. No. 150206, March 13, 2009
21. De Leon vs. CA - 384 SCRA 216
22. Valarao vs. Pascual – 392 SCRA 695
23. Union Bank vs. Santibañez – 452 SCRA 220
24. Jamero vs. Nelicor – 459 SCRA 113
25. Lee vs. RTC of Quezon City – 423 SCRA 497
26. Heirs of Hilano Ruiz vs. Edmond Ruis – G.R. No. 119671
27. San Luis vs. San Luis – 514 SCRA 294
28. Pilapil vs. Heirs of maximino Briones – 514 SCRA 197
29. Garcia-Quiazon vs. Belen, 702 SCRS 707, July 31, 2013
30. Mendoza v. Teh, GR 122646. Mar. 14, 1997, 269 SCRA 764
31. Natcher v. CA, GR 133000. Oct. 2, 2001, 366 SCRA 385
32. De Borja v. Tan, GR L-6476. Nov. 18, 1955, 97 Phil 872
33. Eusebio v. Eusebio, GR L-8409. Dec. 28, 1956, 100 Phil. 593
34. Fule v. CA, GR L-40502. Nov. 29, 1976, 74 SCRA 189
35. Lim vs. CA, GR 124715, Jan. 24, 2000, 323 SCRA 102
36. Heirs of Sandejas vs. Lina, GR 141634, Feb. 5, 2001, 351 SCRA 183
37. Nepomuceno vs. CA, GR L-62952, Oct. 9, 1985, 139 SCRA 206
38. Acain vs. IAC, GR L-72706, Oct. 27, 1987, 155 SCRA 100
39. Ajero vs. CA, GR 106720, Sept. 15, 1994, 236 SCRA 488
40. Reyes-Mesugas vs. Reyes, GR 174835, Mar. 22, 2010, 616 SCRA 345
41. Bernardo vs. CA, GR L-18148, Feb. 28, 1963, 7 SCRA 367
42. Vda de Ramos vs. CA, GR L-40804, Jan. 31, 1978, 81 SCRA 393
43. Alaban vs. CA, GR 156021, Sept. 23, 2005, 470 SCRA 697
44. Palaganas v. Palaganas, GR 169144. Jan. 26, 2011, 640 SCRA 538
45. Pecson v. Coronel, GR L-20374, Oct. 11, 1923. 45 Phil. 216
46. Fluemer v. Hix, GR 32636. Mar. 17, 1930, 54 Phil. 610
47. Palaganas v. Palaganas, GR 169144. Jan. 26, 2011, 640 SCRA 538
48. Vda. de Perez v. Tolete, GR 76714. June 2, 1994, 232 SCRA 722
49. Uy v. CA, GR 167979. Mar. 15, 2006, 484 SCRA 699
50. Gonzales v. Aguinaldo, GR 74769, Sept. 28, 1990, 190 SCRA 112
51. Suntay III v. Cojuangco-Suntay, GR 183053. Oct. 10, 2012, 621 SCRA
142
52. Gabriel v. CA, GR 101512. Aug. 7, 1992, 212 SCRA 413
53. Suntay III v. Cojuangco-Suntay, GR 183053. June 16, 2010, 621 SCRA
142
54. Uy vs. CA, GR 167979. Mar. 16, 2006, 484 SCRA 699
55. Vda. de De la Rosa v. Heirs of Vda. de Damian, GR 155733. Jan. 27,
2006, 480 SCRA 334
56. Lindain v. CA, GR 95305. Aug. 20, 1992, 212 SCRA 725
57. Gabriel v. Bilon, GR 146989. Feb. 07, 2007, 515 SCRA 29
58. Stronghold Insurance Co., Inc. v. Republic-Asahi Glass Corp., GR
147561. June 22, 2006, 492 SCRA 179
59. Time within which claims shall be filed; exceptions
60. In the Matter of the Estate of Telesforo de Dios, GR L-7940. Mar. 27,
1913
61. Rio y Compania v. Maslog, GR L-12302. Apr. 13, 1959, 105 Phil. 452
62. In the Matter of the Estate of Telesforo de Dios, GR L-7940. Mar. 27,
1913
63. Montinola v. Villanueva, GR L-26008, Nov. 4, 1926, 49 Phil. 528
64. Philippine Trust Co. v. Luzon Surety Co., Inc., GR L-13031. May 30,
1961, 2 SCRA 122
65. Romualdez v. Tiglao, GR L-51151, July 24, 1981, 105 SCRA 762
66. Vera v. Navarro, GR L-27745. Oct. 18, 1977, 79 SCRA 408
 67. Cama de Reyes v. Reyes de Ilano, GR L-42092. Oct. 28, 1936, 63 Phil.
629
68. Ramos v. Ortuzar, GR L-3299. Aug. 29, 1951, 89 Phil. 730
69. Solivio v. CA, GR 83484. Feb. 12, 1990, 182 SCRA 119
70. Vda. De Valera v. Ofilada, GR L-27526. Sept. 12, 1974, 59 SCRA 96

III. Escheats (Rule 91)

A. Definition
B. Historical Background and legal basis (Regalian Doctrine)
C. When to file; by whom petition filed
D. Claim against estate; period of filing
E. Actions for Reversions (Sec. 5)

Cases:
1. Alvarico vs. Sola – 383 SCRA 232
2. Caro vs. Sucaldito – 458 SCRA 695

IV. Guardians and Guardianship (Rules 92-97)

I. Venue and Jurisdiction (Rule 92)

II. Appointment, Kinds, Qualifications of Guardians (Rule 93)
a. Rule on Guardianship over minor
III. Requisites for filing of petition; Bonds of Guardians (Rule 94)
IV. Selling and Encumbering Property of Ward (Rule 95)
V. Power and Duties of Guardians (Rule 96)
VI. Termination of Guardianship (Rule 97)

Cases
1. Goyena vs. Ledesma-Gustilo – GR No. 147148
2. Cañiza vs. CA – GR No. 110427
3. Vansil vs. Balmes, 358 SCRA 757
4. Paciente vs. Dacuycuy, 114 SCRA 924
5. Abad vs. Biason, 687 SCRA 368, December 5, 2012
6. Oropesa vs. Oropesa, 671 SCRA 174, 2012

V. Trustees (Rule 98)

A. Distinguished from Executor / Administrator

B. Conditions of the Bond
C. Requisites for the removal and resignation of a trustee
D. Grounds for removal and resignation of a trustee
E. Extent of authority of trustee

VI. Adoption and Custody of Minors (Rules 99 and 100)

A. Distinguish Domestic Adoption from Inter-Country Adoption

B. RA 8552 – Domestic Adoption Act of 1998

1. Effects of Adoption
 2. Instances when adoption may be rescinded
3. Effects of rescission of adoption

C. RA 8043 – Inter-Country Adoption Act of 1995

1. When allowed
2. Functions of the RTC
3. ‘Best interest of the minor’ standard

D. Rule on Adoption (AM No. 02-6-02-SC effective August 22, 2002)

1. Who may adopt (Sec. 4)
2. Who may be adopted (Sec. 5)
3. Venue and Jurisdiction ( Sec. 20)

Cases:
1. Cang vs. CA – 296 SCRA 128
2. Vda. De Jacob vs. CA – 312 SCRA 772
3. Republic vs. Hon. Jose Hernandez – 253 SCRA 509
4. Republic vs. CA – 255 SCRA 99
5. In the Matter of Stephanie Nathy Astorgia-Garcia – 454 SCRA 541
6. SSS vs. Aguas – 283 SCRA 383
7. Landingin vs. Republic – 493 SCRA 415

VII. Writ of Habeas Corpus (Rule 102)

A. Definition and Nature of Scope (Sec. 1)

B. Who may grant the writ (Sec. 2)
C. Requisites for Application (Sec. 3)
D. Disallowance or Discharge of the Writ (Sec. 4)
E. When must be granted and issued (Sec. 5)
F. Preliminary Citation vs. Peremptory Writ (Sec. 6)
G. Return, when evidence; when plea (Sections 10, 12, 13)
H. Rule on the custody of Minors and Writ of Habeas Corpus in
relation to Custody of Minors (A.M. No. 03-04-04 SC)
I. Distinguish from writ of amparo and habeas data

Cases:
1. Thornton vs. Thornton, August 16, 2004
2. Fletcher vs. Director of Bucor, July 17, 2009
3. Aquino vs. Esperon, G.R. No. 174994, August 31, 2007
4. Ampatuan vs. Macaraig, June 29, 2010
5. Go vs. Dimagiba, G.R. No. 151876, June 21, 2005
6. Chavez vs. CA, G.R. No. L-29169, August 19, 1968
7. Bagtas vs. Santos, G.R. No. 166682, November 27, 2009
8. Tujan-Militante vs. Cada-Deapera, July 28, 2014
9. Ilusorio vs. Bildner – 332 SCRA 169
10. Serapio vs. Sandiganbayan – 396 SCRA 443
11. Lacson vs. Perez – 357 SCRA 756
12. Pulido vs. Abu – 526 SCRA 483
13. Sangca vs. City Prosecutor of Cebu – 524 SCRA 610
14. Veluz vs. Villanueva – 543 SCRA 63
 15. Sec. of National Defense vs. Mansio – 569 SCRA 1
16. Office of the Court Administrator vs. Puello – 575 SCRA 394
17. Martinez vs. Mendoza – 499 SCRA 234
18. Salientes vs. Abanilla – 500 SCRA 128
19. In re: Ashrof Kunting – 487 SCRA 602
20. Ko vs. Cabcaban, January 14, 2014
21. Adonis vs. Tesoro, 697 SCRA 337, June 5, 2013
22. So vs. Tada, 633 SCRA 562, 2010
23. Ma. Hazelina A. Tujan-Militante vs Raquel Cada-Deapara G.R. No.
210636, July 28, 2014

VIII. Writ of Amparo (AM No. 07-9-12-SC)

A. Coverage
B. Distinguish from Habeas Corpus and Habeas Data
C. Differences between amparo and search warrant
D. Who may file
E. Contents of return
F. Effects of failure to return
G. Omnibus waiver rule
H. Procedure for hearing
I. Institution of separate action
J. Effect of filing of criminal action
K. Consolidation
L. Interim reliefs available to petitioner and respondent
M. Quantum of proof in application for issuance of writ of amparo

Cases:
1. Rubrico vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No. 183871, February 18, 2010
2. Arthur Balao, et Al. Vs. Eduardo Ermita, et Al., G.R. No. 186050,
G.R. No. 186059. August 1, 2017
3. Lt. Sg. Mary Nancy P. Gadian v. AFP Chief of Staff Ibrado et al.
Gen. Ibrado et al. v. Gadian-Diamante, G.R. No. 188163. October
3, 2017
4. Burgos vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, June 22, 2010
5. Yano vs. Sanchez, G.R. No. 186640, February 11, 2010
6. Caram vs. Segui, august 5, 2014
7. Reyes vs. Gonzales, December 3, 2009
8. Boac vs. Cadapan, 649 SCRA 618, May 31, 2011
9. Martinez vs. Mendoza, 499 SCRA 234
10. Razon vs. Tagitis, 606 SCRA 598
11. Republic of the Philippines vs Regina Cayanan and SPO1 Rolando
Pascua, G.R. No. 181796, November 07, 2017
12. Mayor William N. Mamba, Atty. Francisco N. Mamba, Jr., Ariel
Malana, Narding Aggangan, Jomari Sagalon, Jun Cinabre,
Frederick Baligod, Rommel Encollado, Joseph Tumaliuan, and
Randy Dayag vs.Leomar Bueno, G.R. No. 191416, February 7, 2017
13. Infant Julian Yusa Y Caram, Represented By His Mother, Ma.
Christina Yusay Caram vs. Atty. Marijoy D. Segui, Atty. Sally D.
Escutin, Vilma B. Cabrera, And Celia C. Yangco
G.R. No. 193652,
August 5, 2014
IX. Writ of Habeas Data (A.M. No. 08-1-16-SC)

A. Scope of Writ
B. Availability of Writ
C. Differences between habeas corpus and amparo
D. Contents of petition
E. Contents of return
F. Instances when petition may be heard in chambers
G. Consolidation
H. Procedure for hearing
I. Institution of separate action
J. Effect of filing of criminal action
K. Quantum of poor in application for issuance of writ of amparo

Cases:
1. Meralco vs. Gopez-Lim, October 5, 2010
2. Vivares vs. St. Theresa’s College, September 29, 2014

X. Writ of Kalikasan
Cases:
1. Most Reverend Pedro D. Arigo v. Scott Swift, G.R. No. 206510, September
16, 2014
2. Resident Marine Mammals of the Protected Seascape Tanon Strait v.
Secretary Angelo Reyes, G.R. No. 180771, April 21, 2015
3. Victoria Segovia, et al. vs. The Climate Change Commission
G.R. No. 211010, March 7, 2017

XI. Change of Name (Rule 103)

A. Venue and Jurisdiction
B. Contents of Petition/Grounds
C. Hearing
D. Judgment

XII. Cancellation or Correction of Entries (Rule 108)

A. Venue and Jurisdiction
B. Contents of Petition/Grounds/Entries subject to cancellation or
correction
C. Hearing
D. Judgment

XIII. Clerical Error Act and its Implementing Rules (RA 9048)
A. Venue and Jurisdiction
B. Contents of Petition/Grounds
C. Summary of Hearing
D. Differences under Rule 103, Rule 108, and RA 9048

Cases for Rules 103 and 108 and RA 9048

1. Republic of the Philippines v. Lorena Sali, G.R. No. 206023, April
3, 2017
2. Republic vs. Mercadera, G.R. No. 186027, December 8, 2010
3. Republic vs. Tanada, G.R. No. 31563, November 29, 1971
4. Republic vs. Coseteng-Magpayo, G.R. No. 189476 February 2, 2011
 5. Braza vs. City Civil Registrar of Himamaylan City, December 4,
2009
6. Corpuz vs. Sto.Tomas, August 11, 2010, 626 SCRA 266
7. Fujilo vs. Mahinay, June 20, 2013
8. Republic vs. Olaybar, February10, 2014
9. Republic vs. Belmonte, G.R. No. L-32600, February 26, 1988
10. Republic vs. Uy, 703 SCRA 425, August 12, 2013
11. Onde vs. Local Civil Registrar, September 10, 2014
12. Eleosida vs. Local Civil Registrar of QC and Carlos Borbon –G.R.
No. 130277, May 9, 2002
13. Republic vs. Kho – 526 SCRA 177
14. Kilosbayan Foundation vs. Ermita – 526 SCRA 353
15. Republic vs. Capote – 514 SCRA 76
16. Petition for Change of Name of Julian Lim Carulason Wang – 454
SCRA 155
17. Cervila vs. Delamar – 477 SCRA 134
18. Republic vs. Bolante – 495 SCRA 729
19. Silvano vs. Republic – 537 SCRA 373
20. Republic vs. Jennifer Cagandahan – 565 SCRA 72
21. Comm. on Higher Education vs. Dasig – 574 SCRA 227
22. Francler P. Onde vs. The Office Of The Local Civil Registration
Of Las Piñas City G.R. No. 197174, September 10, 2014
23. Republic Of The Philippines vs. Merlinda L. Olaybar G.R. No.
189538, February 10, 2014

XIV. Absentees (Rule 107)

A. Purpose of the rule
B. Who may file, when to file

Case:
1. Reyes vs. Alejandro, G.R. No. L-32026, January 16, 1986

XV. Appeals in Special Proceedings (Rule 109)

A. Judgments and order for which appeal may be taken
B. When to appeal
C. Modes of Appeal
D. Rule on advance distribution

Case:
1. Silverio vs. CA, G.R. No. 178933, September 16, 2009