Ivy Belchez- Arch 5B
Architectural Business Management 1: Services & Scope of Work of an Architect
1. PRE- DESIGN SERVICES. The Pre- Design Services cover a broad line of architectural services
ranging from initial problem identification to activities that would allow the Architect to
initially conceptualize an array of architectural and allied solutions. This includes consultation,
pre-feasibility studies, feasibility studies, site selection and analysis, site utilization and land-use
studies, architectural research, architectural programming, space planning, space management
studies, value management, design brief preparation, promotional services and other related
activities.
2. REGULAR DESIGN SERVICES OF AN ARCHITECT
a. Project Definition Phase. This phase involves the definition of the requirements of the
project by the Owner. The Architect in turn informs the Owner of the technical
requirements of the project and the concomitant professional fees.
b. Schematic Design Phase. This phase consists of the preparation of schematic design
studies derived from the Project Definition Phase, leading to conceptual plans.
c. Design Development Phase. Based on approved schematics and conceptual plans, the
Architect prepares the technical drawings consisting of plans, elevations, sections and other
drawings, outline specifications to fix and illustrate the size and character of the entire
project and diagrammatic layout of construction systems.
d. Contract Document Phase. Based on the approved Design Development Documents, the
Architect will prepare the complete Contract Documents consisting of detailed designs and
construction drawings, setting forth in detail the work required for the architectural,
structural, electrical, plumbing/ sanitary, mechanical, electronic and communication works
prepared by the Architect and the respective professionals involved, prepares Technical
Specifications, obtain building permit and assists the Owner in filing the required
documents to secure approval of government authorities.
e. Bidding or Negotiation Phase. Prepares the Bid Documents such as forms for contract
letting, documents for construction, forms for invitation and instruction to bidders, forms
for bidders’ proposals, general / specific conditions of contract, and assists the Owner from
the early stage of establishing a list of prospective Contractors to awarding of the
construction contract.
f. Construction Phase. Prepares change orders, gathers and turns over to the Owner written
guarantees required of the Contractor and Sub-Contractors, makes periodic visits to the
project site to familiarize himself with the general progress and quality of work and to
ascertain that the work is proceeding in accordance with the Contract Documents. During
such project site visits and on the basis of his observations, he shall report to the client
defects and deficiencies noted in the work of Contractors, and shall condemn work found
failing to conform to the Contract Documents.
3. SPECIALIZED ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES
a. Architectural Interior Services (AI). Involves the detailed planning and design of the
indoor/enclosed areas of any proposed building / structure, including retrofit, renovation,
rehabilitation or expansion work which shall cover all architectural and utility aspects,
including the architectural lay-outing of all building engineering systems found therein.
b. Acoustic Design Services. Acoustic design services involve the detailed planning and
design to control sound transmission for compatibility with the architectural design
concept. Throughout architectural history, one of the limiting criteria in building design
has been the need to control sound in an enclosed space. The continuing evolution of
products and techniques in sound management and control has provided a wider flexibility
in the design of the interior environment. This allows the Architect to build an environment
that answers the acoustical demands of varied activities within an enclosed space.
c. Architectural Lighting Layout and Design Services. Architectural Lighting Layout and
Design Services involves the detailed planning and design of light transmission, timing and
control for compatibility with the architectural design concept.
d. Site development Planning (SDP) Services. The space planning, architectural lay-outing
and utilization of spaces within and surrounding a specific building/ structure in relation
with the existing natural and/or built environments have to be a well-coordinated effort so
that both the building/ structure and the host environment shall act as one. Arising from his
concept of the total environment, the Architect is not merely concerned with the
building/structure he creates but with the grounds and surrounding space as well. He
studies the existing environment in relation to the building/structure and consequently lays
out the areas/ grounds immediately surrounding the building/ structure.
e. Site And Physical Planning (Including Master Development Planning, Subdivision
Planning and Urban Design) Services. Physical planning refers to the orderly
arrangement within a piece of land or property on which vertical structures such as
buildings, monuments and the like, as well as horizontal developments such as rights-of-
way (ROWs), open spaces and activity spaces are to be proposed. The Architect is
concerned not merely with a building/structure but with its immediate surroundings as well.
In planning for a building, he studies its interrelationship with other structures, the
surrounding environment, and their effect and impact on the neighboring areas. If the
Architect is commissioned to do physical plans for specific site, he has to go beyond the
study of human behavior and activities and must undertake an in-depth study of the host
site’s economic systems, its laws and regulations, tax structure, infrastructure, utilities, and
all other components that will have a bearing on the project.
f. Comprehensive Development Planning (CDP) Services. Comprehensive Development
Planning (CDP) Services are based on the concept of expanded physical planning services
to include other activities necessary for the proper handling of the numerous components
considered in the formulation, implementation and realization of a Master Development
Plan (MDP). Comprehensive Development Planning (CDP) covers the range of all services
from primary data gathering through the formulation of the MDP and the parallel
preparation of the environmental impact assessment/ statement (EIA/S). The CDP Services
may place heavy emphasis on the non-physical/ non-engineering components of the
development plan i.e. financial, economic/market demand/forecast, administrative-
political-institutional-legal, socio-cultural, environmental, and the like. The Architect’s
ability to synthesize and organize into a whole, the various information relating to the
user’s needs, perception and expectations, site and climatic conditions, construction
technology, materials, cost and other information, qualifies him to take the lead role in an
undertaking that cuts across various disciplines.
4. Fulltime Supervision Services.
a. Quality Control
b. Evaluation of Construction Work
c. Preparation of Daily Inspection Reports
d. Filing of documents
5. Construction Management Services. Due to the increasing complexity of construction projects,
there is an upward demand for more effective cost control and faster project implementation
consistent with high quality of work. Construction Management Services were thus instituted to
fill this need in the construction industry.
a. Functions and description of tasks. The responsibilities of the Construction Manager
(CM) include the functions of the Construction Supervision Group (CSG). (Reference Doc.
204-A and Architect’s Guidelines).
i. Coordination and Supervision
ii. Cost and Time Control
iii. Quality Control of Work and
iv. Keeping of Records
b. The Construction Manager (CM) may hire the CSG to be under his employ or may
supervise the CSG hired directly by the Owner.
6. Post Construction Services. Building administration and management goes beyond maintenance
and upkeep functions. It requires the services of a multi-disciplinary professional who can perform
a wide range or functions for the efficient and economical operation and maintenance of a building,
facility or a complex. In Post-Construction Services, the channels of communication are kept open
among the building owners, operators, architects, engineers, builders, manufacturers, building
research groups, utility providers, furniture and equipment vendors and building administrators/
property managers to provide access to information regarding the performance and upkeep of
buildings.
a. Building and Facilities Administration
i. Grounds and Landscaping Supervision
ii. Building Equipment Maintenance
iii. Business Development and Management
b. Post-Construction Evaluation
i. evaluate the initial design program vs. the actual use of the facility
ii. assist the proper third parties in evaluating the functional effectiveness of the
design and construction process undertaken, and
iii. study, research, and give solutions to any discovered/ emerging/ evolving defects
and failures such as shrinkage, water seepage and other problems in the building.
This is referred to as “forensic investigation” of the building’s systems (Reference
Doc 203).
7. Comprehensive Architectural Services. Comprehensive Architectural Services refers to the
range of professional services that covers Pre-design Services, Regular Design Services,
Specialized Architectural Services, Construction Services and Post Construction Services. The
concept of Comprehensive Architectural Services crystallized through the years in response to the
demands of emerging complex building projects. The transition of the architectural profession from
providing “basic” and “additional” services to that of a comprehensive nature is due to the
realization that continuity of services related to design and construction is necessary for the
execution of a completely viable project and in order for him to be able to properly assist and serve
his Client, the Architect has to be knowledgeable in other fields in addition to building design.
a. Pre-Design Services
i. Consultation
ii. Pre-Feasibility Studies
iii. Feasibility Studies Site Selection and Analysis
iv. Site Utilization and Land-Use Studies
v. Architectural Research
vi. Architectural Programming
vii. Space Planning
viii. Space Management Studies
ix. Value Management
x. Design Brief Preparation
xi. Promotional Services
b. Regular Design Services
i. Project Definition
ii. Schematic Design Phase
iii. Design Development Phase
iv. Contract Documents Phase
v. Bidding or Negotiation Phase
vi. Construction Phase
c. Specialized Architectural Services
i. Architectural Interiors (AI) 9.3.2
ii. Acoustic Design
iii. Architectural Lighting Layout and
iv. Site Development Planning (SDP)
v. Site and Physical Planning Services (including Master Development Planning,
Subdivision Planning and Urban Design)
vi. Comprehensive Development Planning (CDP)
vii. Historic and Cultural Heritage Conservation and Planning
viii. Security Evaluation and Planning
ix. Building Systems Design
x. Facilities Maintenance Support
xi. Building Testing and Commissioning
xii. Building Environmental Certification
xiii. Forensic Architecture
xiv. Building Appraisal
xv. Preliminary Services
xvi. Contract Documentation and Review
xvii. Post-Design Services (including Construction Management Services)
xviii. Dispute Avoidance and Resolution
xix. Architectural Research Methods
xx. Special Building/ Facility Planning and Design
xxi. Building Components
xxii. Management of Architectural Practices
d. Construction Services
i. Fulltime Supervision Services
ii. Construction Management Services
e. Post-Construction Services
i. Building and Facilities Administration
ii. Post-Construction Evaluation
8. Design-Build Services. Includes the Architect’s Regular Design Services (Project Definition
Phase, Schematic Design Phase, Design Development Phase, Contract Document Phase and the
Construction Phase. After various phases of design services are completed, the Construction Phase
goes beyond periodic inspection and assessment to include the following:
a. Preparation of schedule of work, program and estimates of materials, labor, transportation,
equipment and services as reference for the construction.
b. Organization and hiring of construction personnel, designation of duties and remunerations
c. Negotiation and entering into contract with piecework contractors and evaluation of work
accomplishments
d. Procurement of materials, plants and equipment, licenses and permits
e. e. Authorizing and undertaking payments of accounts
f. Keeping records and books of accounts
g. Negotiation with Government and private agencies having jurisdiction over the project,
and
h. Management of all other business transactions related to the project construction /
implementation.
Design-Build Services with Guaranteed Maximum Project Construction Cost. This method is
essentially the same as Design-Build Services by Administration except that the Owner/ Client is provided
a guaranteed maximum project construction cost for the construction of the project.
