PRINCESS MARFE S.

MANILA BSED SCIENCE 2B PHYSICS

121: Electricity and Magnetism SIR REJOLOR M. PEQUIRO

TASK #1: Synthesis paper

How objects are charged?

Have you ever questioned how a device was charged? How do items interrelate? The
majority of items are constructed from stuff that is equally positive and negative in charge.
Electrically neutral objects are those that have an equal number of positive and negative charges.
Only when an object's balance of charge is disturbed can electric force be measured. Charge is
the term used to describe an electric charge on an object that causes the thing to either attract or
repel other objects. Something that is stationary is referred to as static. To distinguish them from
the flowing charges in an electric current, charges on an item are referred to as static electricity.
Charges interact with one another through many links. It thus has a variety of ways, sorts, and
methods that show how effective it is in any situation, which prompts objects to lose charge or,
conversely, objects that are also about to get charge. A proton and an electron are drawn to one
another as they approach one another.

In most cases, an object has no overall charge. Protons and electrons often coexist in an
atom in an equal number. The atom is now neutral, leaving it uncharged. By receiving or
shedding electrons, an item that is not charged can become charged. The more protons an object
has after losing electrons, the more positively charged it is overall. An object's total charge will
be negative if it gains electrons. Static electricity describes the build-up of charges on an object.
Static electricity is characterized by the accumulation of charges on objects rather than their
continuous flow. The creation or destruction of charges is not possible. The law of conservation
of charge is what is referred to as in this guideline. The destruction or creation of an object's own
electrons cannot cause it to become charged. One thing must pick up the lost electrons if it loses
them to another thing. To generate static electricity, charges can move about in four different
ways: by friction, conduction, induction, and polarization.

Charge is transferred between two uncharged items by rubbing them together, which is
known as charging by friction. While rubbing, some electrons may transfer to the other object
(hair and balloon). Rub one substance against another to perform this type of charging. Rubbing
glass with silk and ebonite (a type of strong rubber) with wool are two examples that are most
frequently used. Negative charges are transmitted from a glass rod to a piece of silk when they
are rubbed together. Thus, the silk piece picks up a negative charge while the glass rod retains a
positive charge. The direct transport of electrons from one item to another is known as charging
through conduction. Another way to charge an object is to contact it to a charged body. For
instance, if we hold a charged glass rod up to a metal object and touch it, the metal thing will
also become charged. The charge gained will have the same nature as the body that is charging
it. In this instance, the metal object will receive a charge that is of the same nature (positive) as
the glass rod.
 In induction charging, the charged body does not need to touch the object that has to be
charged. For instance, a charged glass rod may approach a metal object yet avoid touching it.
Without coming into contact with the charged object itself, electrons can respond to its electric
field. In some substances, such as metals, electrons can easily depart from their atoms. Electrons
are drawn away from a metal object by the field when it is in close proximity to a negatively
charged object. The metal piece becomes positively charged on the close end and negatively
charged on the far end. Electrons only move within their own atoms when charging by
polarization and in other materials. Individual atoms develop charged ends that are drawn to
other charged objects as a result of the electrons' reactions to electric fields. This is polarization.
Both polarization and induction do not alter the overall charge of the items since charges do not
pass between them. The items' components each have an opposing charge.

In conclusion, charges have principles that necessitate exigency to be fully

conceptualized in order to acknowledge the possibilities and discover the probabilities that each
and every component of every living thing counts.

REFERENCE

 Electric force -Electrical field -Static electricity -Conservation of charge -Friction -

Conduction -Induction -Polarization -Static discharge -16.1 Electric Charge and Static
Electricity. (n.d.). Pleasantvalleysd.org. Retrieved August 23, 2022, from
https://www.pleasantvalleysd.org/cms/lib/CA00000039/Centricity/Domain/
5846/16.1%20and%2016.2.pdf

 What are the Three Ways to Charge an Object. (2020, December 1). A Plus Topper;
Aplus Topper. https://www.aplustopper.com/three-ways-charge-object/

 Charging By Induction using A negative and positive charged object. (2018, August 25).

BYJUS; BYJU’S. https://byjus.com/physics/charging-by-induction/

 Quantization and conservation of electric charge

We are aware that signals are used to transmit data during digital communication. The
conversion of an analog signal into a digital signal is known as quantization. It is a method of
encoding the sampled amplitude values by a limited number of levels. It is the technique of
transforming a sample of continuous-amplitude signals into a discrete-time signal.

Quantization is one idea that has uses across several physics domains. The process of
quantization entails the shift from knowledge of quantum mechanics, a classical physical
phenomenon. A continuous-amplitude sample is transformed into a discrete-time signal by the
process of quantization, which is also used in the field of digital communication to represent the
sampled values of amplitude by a finite set of levels. In chemistry, nuclear physics, condensed
matter physics, particle physics, quantum optics, and atomic physics, quantization of the
electromagnetic field, quantization of light, and quantization are all involved.

We are aware that when matter is exposed to an electromagnetic field, it experiences a

force because of its electric charge, which is a physical attribute of matter. Coulomb is the
electrical charge measurement unit used in the SI system. We also know that charges can be
preserved (electric charge conservation), added (electric charge additively), and quantized
(electric charge conservation) (quantization of electric charge). The idea that electric charge can
only take on specific discrete values is known as quantization of electric charge. As a result,
integral multiples of (e) 1.61019 coulombs will be the observed value of the particle's electric
charge (q). According to the charge quantization principle, every object's charge is an integer
multiple of the elementary charge.

As we all know, a system is a collection of things, and the interaction of these items with
charges is comparable to the energy and momentum conservation. However, this conservation
law is easier to understand since it relates how many electrons and protons an object has to its
overall charge. The total charge must be the same, and the protons and electrons cannot simply
emerge or vanish out of thin air. Because of this, everybody has an equal number of protons and
electrons. The ability of matter to produce and feel electrical and magnetic effects is known as its
charge. The overall charge of the system is conserved, according to the fundamental principle of
charge conservation.

To sum it up, the idea that electric charge cannot be created or destroyed is known as the
charge conservation principle in physics. The universe's total positive charge minus total
negative charge equals the net amount of electric charge, which is always conserved. Because of
the quantization of charge, when we say something has a certain charge, we really only mean
how many times the charge of a single electron it has. This is conceivable because every charge
has an accompanying full electron. The movement of electrons from one material to another
produces an electric charge. Therefore, a positive charge indicates a deficit of electrons while a
negative charge indicates an overabundance of electrons. As a result of the quantization of
charge, when we say something has a certain charge, we really only imply how many times the
charge of a single electron it has. This is conceivable because every charge is connected to a
whole electron.
 REFERENCE

 Electrons - quantization of electric charge. (n.d.). Brightstorm.com. Retrieved August 23,

2022, from https://www.brightstorm.com/science/physics/electricity/electrons-
quantization-of-electric-charge/
 Quantization. (2022, February 16). BYJUS; BYJU’S.
https://byjus.com/physics/quantization/
 Conservation of charge. (2017, September 15). BYJUS; BYJU’S.
https://byjus.com/physics/conservation-of-charge/

 Singh, G. (2021, October 4). Quantization of charge - understand the concept of electric

charge. Testbook Learn. https://testbook.com/learn/physics-quantization-of-charge/