UNIT-5 DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE.

16.Various disposal methods of solid wastes, components of landfill.

A. 1.Open dumps: Dumping wastes in open areas is termed as open dumping. This
system will be home for mosquitoes, bacteria. In times of rainy season the will be mixed
with contaminated water present in the dumping yard and gets infiltrated into the
ground, as results causes diseases to the consumers. And this method is not used.

2.Landfills: Digging a pit and filling it with waste in from of layers and compacting it
and closing it with soil layers at last a final solid layer is used to close the fill. These
areas are used for constructing parking lots etc.

Components.

1. Bottom linear system: Made of synthetics for providing water resisting base.
2. Leachate collecting pipe: Provided at bottom and its opening for collecting
water are surrounded by gravel.
3. Geo textile fabric: Laid over leachate pipe for filtering liquid and solids.
4. Leachate collecting layer: water from gets upto the leachate pipes.
5. Waste material layer: waste materials are laid in layers here.
6. Compacted clay later: For not letting the waste from coming out.
7. Geo membrane layer: For not letting water into the landfill, and provided with a
vegetation on it.

20.DOUBLE LINER SYSTEM OF LANDFILL:

Explain the uses of above layers.

ADVANTAGES:

1. Cost is low when compared to concreting.

2. Resists water upto 95% when compared to concrete.
3. Helps in decreasing water logging and prevents salinity from adjacent lands.
4. Creates movement in sediments instead of depositing.
5. Due to its flexibility it resists hydraulic pressure, thermal resistivity.

22. Different methods used for landfill:

A.
1.Area method: In this method pit dug and waste is filled in it from one side and
compacted and covered with layers. This sites are later used as parking areas etc.
2.Excavated cell/ Trench method: In this method many pits of same dimension are
excavated and filled with wastes and covered with layers.
3.Depression/canyon method: In this method waste is packed against the slope of the
canyon with bulldozers etc.

25. Factors to be considered while carrying out the operations of landfills:

A.
1.Timing should be 8-10 hrs and 5-6 days per week.
2.Telephones for communication.
3.Drinking water and rest rooms should be provided for employees
4.Garage for storing equipment.
5.Extensive operations should be well planned before.
6.Proper records should be maintained.
7.Waste should be spread over or compacted for reducing the consumption of area.
8.Areas for unloading waste from trucks should be separate from areas for storing.

26. Suitable environment monitoring system for sanitary landfill site.

A.
The following the parameters monitored by this method.
1.Various types of liquids and gases present.
2.For evaluation of quality of air.
3.For checking the quality of water.

The following are the parameters used to decide the type of monitoring system.
1.Size of landfill.
2.Pollution control agencies.
3.Quality of local air.
4.Aquifer thickness and direction of flow.
5.Rate of ground water flow.
28.Design of leachate collecting system.
A.
1.Selection of liner system:
Based on the thickness of land and gases that will be generated from waste, liner
system is adopted, whether its is single or combined liner system.
2.Design of leachate collecting system:
For collection of waste slope terrace and piped bottom designs are used.
Slope terrace: In this everything is done by provided slope under the landfill. As the
water gets collected the slope creates a hydraulic gradient and makes the water flow
into the provided channel upto treatment.
Piped bottom: In this system pipes are provided with slope for creating a gradient
head for rapid removal multiple pipes are provided.
3.Leachate removal, collection and holding services:
For removal of leachate pipes are provided with care and precautions and should be
frequently inspected. For collection and holding of waste large amount of containers
opted and while the treatment plant is at its full capacity the waste will be stored in
those containers.

30. Various factors that influence landfill remediation.

A.
Climatic change: Precipitation, wind, humidity, solar radiation etc influence the moisture
content and degradation rate.
Hydro geology: Parameters of ground water table and type of soil also affects the
landfill remediation. As, bottom of landfill the more it is nearer to the water table the
more the chances of it contaminating the water.
Gas production: During the process of decomposition the waste undergoes many
reactions and produces gases which can explode. So it is necessary to remove the gases
safely.
Soils and plant: Availability of the soil should be enough so that the landfill is
completely covered and make sure that there is no growth of vegetation on the landfills
Seismic environment: Due to the seismic action the containment will disturbed and
layers of clay scattered and results in exposure of waste to the direct environment.
Reuse of landfill areas: Areas under which the waste is buried can be used in many
ways. The only thing to consider is that the landfill should not be disturbed.
Landfill and waste characteristics: Design of landfill thickness of layers no. of layers and
type of waste history of landfill and time of landfill etc also can affect the remidiation.

31. Case study for identification of land for waste disposal.

A.
Burla town near reservoir sambal district odissa. A population of 1837 sq km with an
area of 25.4sq km.
Due to its growing population the generation of waste also increased. Lack of improper
dumping the environment got affected.
Using rs&gis maps and several techniques the data of locality is collected and evaluated,
rocks, soils types, roads, structures, etc are identified and proper land is allocated for
disposal.
Conclusion:
1.slope lands are selected as they are not utilized by anyone.
2.Impermeable type soils are selected as they don’t allow water.
3.Area should be far from utilized lands.
4.Not every land is suitable for disposal so many factors should be considered for
selecting disposal land.

32.Adverse effects of leachate and its control methods.

A.
1. The leachate water contains many toxic chemicals so these weakens the pipe
carrying leachate water.
2.Not only by leachate water but also by the weight of the garbage the pipe gets cracked.
3.Then the water escaped will contaminate the water table and nearby water bodies etc.
4.If this water is used for irrigation this will affect the food chain both for humans and as
well as animals.
Treatment:
Before treating the leachate it should be examined to know the amount cod bod acids
etc. In aerobic process leachate of 2-5 years old having bod to cod ratio >0.7 contains
high amount of nitrogen and this is treated by rcb, active sludge process etc. In
anaerobic process, bod to cod ratio between 0.3-0.7 this means it is not stabilized yet and
produces useful methane. And for leachate with bod to cod ratio of <0.1 will be treated
with physio chemicals.