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    Material Presentation - Prof. Dr. Ir. Widodo Wahyu Purwanto

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    Shah Reza Dwiputra
    Hydrogen has the potential to help decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors like transportation, industry, and buildings. Currently, most hydrogen is produced through carbon-intensive processes and used in limited sectors. Key challenges to wider hydrogen deployment include high production costs, lack of infrastructure, and safety concerns. Prospects for hydrogen include using it for power generation and grid balancing, decarbonizing industry as both a heating source and feedstock, and fueling transportation. Realizing hydrogen's potential will require strategies and roadmaps, price reforms, incentives for low-carbon production, risk mitigation, and new regulations and standards.

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    Material Presentation - Prof. Dr. Ir. Widodo Wahyu Purwanto

    Uploaded by

    Shah Reza Dwiputra
    66 views35 pages
    Hydrogen has the potential to help decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors like transportation, industry, and buildings. Currently, most hydrogen is produced through carbon-intensive processes and used in limited sectors. Key challenges to wider hydrogen deployment include high production costs, lack of infrastructure, and safety concerns. Prospects for hydrogen include using it for power generation and grid balancing, decarbonizing industry as both a heating source and feedstock, and fueling transportation. Realizing hydrogen's potential will require strategies and roadmaps, price reforms, incentives for low-carbon production, risk mitigation, and new regulations and standards.

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    Hydrogen has the potential to help decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors like transportation, industry, and buildings. Currently, most hydrogen is produced through carbon-intensive processes and used in limited sectors. Key challenges to wider hydrogen deployment include high production costs, lack of infrastructure, and safety concerns. Prospects for hydrogen include using it for power generation and grid balancing, decarbonizing industry as both a heating source and feedstock, and fueling transportation. Realizing hydrogen's potential will require strategies and roadmaps, price reforms, incentives for low-carbon production, risk mitigation, and new regulations and standards.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    66 views35 pages

    Material Presentation - Prof. Dr. Ir. Widodo Wahyu Purwanto

    Uploaded by

    Shah Reza Dwiputra
    Hydrogen has the potential to help decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors like transportation, industry, and buildings. Currently, most hydrogen is produced through carbon-intensive processes and used in limited sectors. Key challenges to wider hydrogen deployment include high production costs, lack of infrastructure, and safety concerns. Prospects for hydrogen include using it for power generation and grid balancing, decarbonizing industry as both a heating source and feedstock, and fueling transportation. Realizing hydrogen's potential will require strategies and roadmaps, price reforms, incentives for low-carbon production, risk mitigation, and new regulations and standards.

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    of 35

    Prospects for Hydrogen in the NZE Energy Systems

    Widodo Wahyu Purwanto


    1SustainableEnergy Systems and Policy Research Cluster
    2Department of Chemical Engineering
    3Master Program in Energy Systems Engineering
    http://sesp.ui.ac.id/
    Universitas Indonesia
    Outline

    § Key drivers
    § Challenges of hydrogen deployment
    § Prospects of hydrogen for decarbonization
    § Key messages
    Key drivers
    NZE for 1.5°C and abatement strategies

    Source: IRENA, 2021, 2022


    UI - Energy Transition Model
    UI Energy Transition Model, which was SCENARIOS

    developed by Universitas Indonesia, is


    TIMES model for Indonesia case study.
    INPUT OPTIMISATION OUTPUT

    • Technology Portfolio
    Minimum
    • Energy demand • Emission Trajectory
    TIMES model is a model generator developed by the IEA's • Technology and Economic
    Net Present Total System Cost
    • Investment Cost
    Energy Technology System Analysis Program (ETSAP). Parameters • Electricity Production Cost
    • Flexibility Parameters • CO2 Intensity
    • Emission Factors
    • Technology Penetration
    • Partial equilibrium optimisation
    Rate
    • Using perfect foresight approach
    Model • Using linear-programming
    approach approach
    CONSTRAINT
    Indonesia
    model • Single region
    extension • 3 level timeslices • Supply Demand Balance
    • Unit commitment • Resources
    • Short-term Operational

    Source: UI-ETM, SESP


    Pathway NZE for power sector

    ü Natural gas as a bridge for renewable energy era.


    ü R&D for CCS & BECCS becomes important as a net-negative technology and deployment is needed by 2040.
    ü Solar PV utility scale will cover unused agricultural land, lake, and abandoned mining field starting from 2055.
    ü Significant contribution of battery and pump hydro storage to balance the intermittency of solar PV.

    ”A lot of progress on pathways to decarbonize electricity, but


    we may not be able to electrify all end user”
    Source: Nadhilah, UI-ETM
    Pathway NZE for transport sector

    BAU NZE

    Source: UI-ETM
    Pathway NZE for industrial sector

    BAU NZE

    Source: UI-ETM
    Challenges of hydrogen deployment
    Current hydrogen production is via carbon-
    intensive processes and used sectors

    “Mostly for feedstock”


    “Limited role in global energy mix” Source: ETC, 2022
    Hydrogen and colors of hydrogen

    “Focus on blue and green hydrogen with low and


    carbon neutral for decarbonization”

    “The biggest hurdle, however, may be cost and


    safety is another concern as hydrogen is highly
    flammable and potentially explosive”

    Source: Ajanovic et al, 2022


    Technology readiness levels
    ”Several hydrogen technologies not yet commercially available”

    Source: Columbia University CGEP Source: ETC


    Water and land area required for blue and green
    hydrogen production

    “Barrriers of green hydrogen fron VRE is


    land area”
    Source: IRENA, 2022 Source: Global CCS Institute, 2021
    Carbon footprint and hydrogen production cost

    “Producing low-carbon and green hydrogen at scale


    Source: Ajanovic et al, 2022 includes energy storage and electrolyzer” Source: IRENA, 2019
    Current status of hydrogen development
    § Indonesia: no specific strategy, targets and regulations on the
    deployment of hydrogen for NZ,
    § There are only a few trials of fuel cell power for BTS applications
    and for research,
    § Some proposed projects on green hydrogen production from RE
    powers: Pertamina, Pupuk Indonesia and Mitsubishi; Samsung and
    Hyundai North Sumatra and geothermal the Sarulla Block; MHI-
    METI ammonia combustion in Coal and Gas based Power Plant
    (PLN),
    § R&D on hydrogen is almost limited and not priority.
    Prospects of hydrogen for decarbonization
    Decarbonisation strategies by hydrogen
    across value chains

    “Hydrogen has long been seen as a potentially key component


    of a carbon-neutral future”
    Source: ETC, 2022
    RE Power to X and end uses across the energy system

    “Hydrogen is pathways for decarbonization


    in hard-to-abate sectors where direct
    electrification is difficult, such as
    transportation, buildings, and industry”

    Source: IRENA, 2020


    Power generation and grid balancing - Power to X

    Source: Hydrogen council

    Source: Osman et al, 2022 Source: Columbia University CGEP


    Jatiluhur reservoir floating solar PV to hydrogen for
    NG network6%injection (6% H2) ~ 10 MMSCFD, 235 MW

    H2 (USD/MMBtu) without battery 1


    NG price 7–8
    6 USD/MMBtu
    H2 (USD/MMBtu) with battery 2 USD/MMBtu

    Source: Rafly
    Decarbonize industry - hydrogen as heat

    Source: Hydrogen council, 2020


    Decarbonize industry - hydrogen as feedstock
    using carbon capture (CCU)

    Source: RSC, ACS


    Source: theicct, 2022
    CCS Cluster South Sumatra
    CO 2 Source and Sink Business Models

    CCS Operator

    Vertical Integration

    Source: Shania
    Source: Ning Asih et al, 2021
    Levelized cost of green ammonia

    Soure: IEA, 2021 Source: Hydrogen council, 2021


    Hydrogen-based reduction for emission-free
    iron making and cost of steel

    Source: Hydrogen council Source: IEA, 2021


    Decarbonize transport - BEV, FCEV, ICE

    Source: Agora Energiewende Source: Hydrogen Council


    GHG emissions and Total Cost of Ownership

    Source: Cox et al, 2020 Source: Hydrogen council, 2020


    Decarbonize Building - CCHP

    Source: Challoch Energy, Chen et al., 2015


    Future hydrogen supply mix

    Low carbon – NG/Coal + CCS


    Source: Hydrogen Council
    Solar electricity-based hydrogen production cost

    Source: IRENA, 2022 Source: IEA, 2021


    Potential cost of hydrogen transport and trade

    “Hydrogen trade and investment flows will spawn new


    patterns of interdependence and bring shifts in bilateral
    cooperation” Source: IEA, 2021, IRENA, 2022
    Key messages
    § NZE energy system is an inclusion hydrogen and net-negative technologies
    § Develop strategies and roadmaps on hydrogen deployment in energy
    systems,
    § Reform domestic energy price reflecting true price signal and energy
    quality,
    § Create new market by strong incentives for low-carbon/green hydrogen,
    § Mitigate investment risk, and provide strong innovation support,
    § Establish appropriate certification, standard, carbon prices and regulation
    regimes.
    Thank You

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