Darwinian-Science and Technology

DARWINIAN
Darwinian is related to Charles Darwin, his theories especially of evolution,

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection brought about one of the greatest
intellectual and cultural revolutions in the modern era
Darwin's greatest contribution to science is that he completed the Copernican Revolution by
drawing out for biology the notion of nature as a system of matter in motion governed by natural
laws. With Darwin's discovery of natural selection, the origin and adaptations of organisms were
brought into the realm of science.The development of Darwinism changed the general thinking
of the world, while unlocking the truth behind both Earth and life. Beforehand the western world
had a general consensus that God was the creator of life and that we were made in his
THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN/ HUMAN EVOLUTION

1. Dryopithecus
Dryopithecines are believed to have split into several lines, three of which survived to give rise
to the chimpanzees and gorillas, the early hominids, and the orang-utans.The main difference
between these two genera are the teeth with those Dryopithecus having proportionately thinner
enamel, something that suggests that Dryopithecus ate mainly soft vegetation such as fruits.
Dryopithecus is thought to have walked in a quadrupedal posture similar to that of a
chimpanzee,
but instead of walking on its knuckles it is thought that it walked upon the flats of its hands due
to morphological differences in the limbs and wrists between Dryopithecus and chimpanzees.
2. Ramapithecus
It's primate is Sivapithecus

Their first remains were discovered from the Shivalik range in Punjab and later in Africa and Saudi
Arabia. They lived in open grasslands. Two pieces of evidence confirm their Hominid status:
Thickened tooth enamel, robust jaws and shorter canines.
Usage of hands for food and defence and extrapolations of upright posture
Ramapithecus probably should be included in the Sivapithecus genus.
3. Australopithecus
Australopithecus afarensis is one of the longest-lived and best-known early human species, this
species survived for more than 900,000 years, which is over four times as long as our own
species has been around, Similar to chimpanzees,
had both ape and human characteristics: members of this species had apelike face proportions
,a flat nose, a strongly projecting lower jaw and braincase with a small brain, usually less than
500 cubic centimeters about 1/3 the size of a modern human brain, and long, strong arms with
curved fingers adapted for climbing trees. They also had small canine teeth like all other early
humans, and a body that stood on two legs and regularly walked upright. Their adaptations for
living both in the trees and on the ground helped them survive for almost a million years as
climate and environments changed.
4. Homo erectus,
Homo erectus most likely originated in Africa.erectus was a human of medium stature that
walked upright. The braincase was low, the forehead was receded, and the nose, jaws, and
palate were wide. The brain was smaller and the teeth larger than in modern humans. Homo
Erectus Way of Living,n
Homo erectus groups hunted and gathered their way to survival. Their larger bodies and brains
required a lot of energy (i.e. food) to maintain them, but their increased brain size also helped
them be smart about the way they sorted out their meals – a bit of a win-win situation.
5. Homo sapiens Neanderthalensis
Neanderthals are our closest extinct human relative. Some defining features of their skulls
include the large middle part of the face, angled cheek bones, and a huge nose for humidifying
and warming cold, dry air. Their bodies were shorter and stockier than ours, another adaptation
to living in cold environments. But their brains were just as large as ours and often larger -
proportional to their brawnier bodies.
Neanderthals made and used a diverse set of sophisticated tools, controlled fire, lived in
shelters, made and wore clothing, were skilled hunters of large animals and also ate plant
foods, and occasionally made symbolic or ornamental objects.
6. Homo Sapiens
It's primate is Human sapiens have distinctive "modern" physical characteristics: a large rounded
braincase, lack of a brow-ridge, a chin (even in infancy) and a narrow pelvis compared to other species in
the Homo genus. But early H. sapiens may not have had all the same features that modern
All Homo sapiens were once hunter-gatherers living on wild plants and animals. It was only about 11,000
years ago that humans began to domesticate plants and animals although wild foods still remained
important in the diet. Our species has a wide-ranging and essentially omnivorous diet.

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DARWINIAN

Darwinian is related to Charles Darwin, his theories especially of evolution,

THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN/ HUMAN EVOLUTION

It's primate is Sivapithecus

5. Homo sapiens Neanderthalensis

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