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3.1 - Investigating Primary and Secondary Data (Part 1)

Designers research competitors' products to understand market trends and user needs. A tent was evaluated for suitability for different uses: a family holiday (spacious, durable), natural disaster (lightweight, waterproof), or festival (portable, affordable). Ergonomics in tent design are important for ease of use and comfort. A watch was assessed for suitability for its user, aesthetics, and ergonomics like size and buttons. Anthropometrics considers human body measurements and is important in design for fit and usability. Wrist size and hand length are relevant measures for watch design.

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Dillon Borkhatria

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

136 views55 pages

3.1 - Investigating Primary and Secondary Data (Part 1)

Uploaded by

Dillon Borkhatria

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 55

_______________________

Name:
_
3.3.1 Investigating primary
and secondary data part 1 _______________________
Class:
_

_______________________
Date:
_

Time: 194 minutes

Marks: 185 marks

Comments:

Page 1 of 55
Q1.
Explain why designers research and compare products from other manufacturers before
starting to design new products.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 6 marks)

Q2.
Analyse the information provided and evaluate the tent in terms of its suitability for:

(a) a family holiday

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

(b) use in a natural disaster

___________________________________________________________________

Page 2 of 55
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 12 marks)

Q3.
Why is it important for the designer to consider ergonomics in the design of the tent?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 2 marks)

Q4.
Evaluate the watch in terms of its:

(a) suitability for the user

___________________________________________________________________

Page 3 of 55
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

(b) aesthetic quality

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

___________________________________________________________________

Page 4 of 55
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 12 marks)

Q5.
(a) Explain what is meant by the term ‘anthropometrics’ and why it is important for
designers to consider.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

(b) Name two anthropometric measures that might be used in the design of a watch.
Explain why each is appropriate.

1. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

Page 5 of 55
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

Q6.
(a) You have been asked to redesign the watch to make it suitable for a child aged
between 9 and 11 years old.

The data in the table below shows the preferred colour scheme according to 240
children aged between 9 and 11 years old.

Complete the table by calculating the missing percentage of children who like
different colours.

Number of Percentage of
Colour Scheme
children total

Pastel colours 60 25%

Primary colours 102

Fluorescent
36 15%
colours

Subtle colours 30

Metallic colours 12 5%

Total 240

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Using the information from the table in question (a) complete the pie chart below
showing the percentages of children who like different colours.

You must show your calculations.

Page 6 of 55

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

Q7.
(a) Study the image and specification of the watch.

You have been asked to redesign the watch for a child aged between 9 and 11
years old. In order to make the watch more appealing to children it should allow for
activities other than running.

Give four changes or additions to the original design specification and explain how

Page 7 of 55
each would make the watch suitable for the new target market.

You should not refer to the colour of the watch in your answer.

1. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(8)

(b) Explain why having a design specification is important to designers and how this
helps to ensure a successful outcome.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

Page 8 of 55
(Total 11 marks)

Q8.
Discuss how the use of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) has helped designers.
Give examples to support your answer.

You will be assessed on Quality of Written Communication in this question.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 8 marks)

Q9.
Learner car drivers must display a learner plate on their vehicle. Learner plates are made
in quantity by a batch production process.

Page 9 of 55

State three design requirements of the learner driver plates.

An example has been completed for you.

Example: Easy to attach and remove from a vehicle.

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________
(Total 3 marks)

Q10.
A garden centre is organising a competition for local schools to design and manufacture a
product to represent nature and the environment.

The table below gives details of four areas of research that you will have to carry out
before you start designing. The details of one of these areas have been completed for
you.

Complete the table by giving details of the three other areas of research.

Look at different websites to find out more about products
that are similar to the one you are going to design.
_________________________________________________
Existing products
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Target market
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

Materials and _________________________________________________

components
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Impact on the
environment _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

(Total 6 marks)

Q11.
(a) Explain what is meant by the term ‘anthropometrics’.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) Explain what is meant by the term ‘ergonomics’.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

Q12.
Look at the image below of a view of a kitchen environment and answer the questions
below.

Page 11 of 55

(a) Explain how designers would have used anthropometrics in the design of the
kitchen units.

Give specific examples in your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

(b) Explain how designers would have used ergonomics in the design of the kitchen
units.

Give specific examples in your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

Page 12 of 55
(Total 6 marks)

Q13.
The two lights shown below could be used on a camping trip.

Oil camping lamp Battery powered torch

In the table below, identify one feature of each light and explain what makes it suitable for
a camping trip.

Oil camping lamp Battery powered torch

Feature: Feature:

___________________________________ ___________________________________

Explanation: Explanation:

___________________________________ ___________________________________

___________________________________ ___________________________________
(Total 6 marks)

Q14.
Oil camping lamps are not used by many people.

Name a feature that could be changed to increase the range of people using them.

Page 13 of 55
Feature ________________________________________________________________

Explanation _____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 3 marks)

Q15.
Battery powered torches can be unreliable light sources on a camping trip.

Explain what feature could be developed to increase the effectiveness of the product.

Feature ________________________________________________________________

Explanation _____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 3 marks)

Q16.
The 2014 Commonwealth Games took place in Glasgow, Scotland. The images below
were designed to promote the games.

Describe two methods of gathering information from people to find out what they think
makes a good image to promote the games.

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Method 1 _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Method 2 _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 4 marks)

Q17.
This question is about human factors and product labelling.

(a) What is meant by the term anthropometrics?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) Explain how anthropometrics was used in the design of the hair dryer shown below.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 6 marks)

Q18.

Page 15 of 55
(a) What is meant by the term ergonomics?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) Explain how the designer considered ergonomics in the design of the hair dryer
shown below.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 6 marks)

Q19.
The diagram below shows anthropometric data used by furniture designers.

Page 16 of 55

Men Women

5% 50% 95% 5% 50% 95%

Eye level 1173 1229 1326 1042 1131 1223

Elbow height 0583 0669 0750 0533 0614 0694

Top of thigh 0515 0559 0605 0474 0513 0558

Seat height 0395 0434 0476 0352 0388 0428

(a) What is anthropometric data?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) Explain why the range 5th to 95th percentile in relation to anthropometric data is
important when designing.

___________________________________________________________________

Page 17 of 55
(3)
(Total 5 marks)

Q20.
The chair shown below can be adjusted to suit the user.

(a) Explain how each adjustment could help the user to work more effectively at a desk.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

(b) Using the data in the table below, give the range of measurements needed for
dimension A shown in the above diagram.

Page 18 of 55

Men Women

5% 50% 95% 5% 50% 95%

Eye level 1173 1229 1326 1042 1131 1223

Elbow height 0583 0669 0750 0533 0614 0694

Top of thigh 0515 0559 0605 0474 0513 0558

Seat height 0395 0434 0476 0352 0388 0428

Minimum _________________________

Maximum _________________________
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

Q21.
What does the term anthropometrics mean?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 2 marks)

Q22.
The diagram shows a figure sitting at a computer workstation.

Page 19 of 55

Label the diagram with three measurements a designer might need in order to ensure the
workstation is comfortable for the user.
(Total 3 marks)

Q23.
What are the advantages of looking at existing products when designing new ones?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 3 marks)

Q24.
Give three reasons why products, such as mobile phones, are continually developed.

Reason 1 ______________________________________________________________

Page 20 of 55
_______________________________________________________________________

Reason 2 ______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Reason 3 ______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 3 marks)

Q25.
Similar products often have different target users.

Bicycle 1
Bicycle 2

Bicycle 3 Bicycle 4

Choose two of the bicycles above and identify who might use them.

Give reasons for your answer.

Bicycle ________

User __________________________________________________________________
(1)

Reason ________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(2)

Bicycle ________

User __________________________________________________________________
(1)

Page 21 of 55
Reason ________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

Q26.
Identify two design features which make a child’s bicycle suitable for the user.

Design Feature 1 ________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Design Feature 2 ________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 4 marks)

Q27.
Anthropometric data has been used to design all of the bicycles shown.

What is anthropometric data?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 2 marks)

Q28.
Products are designed with a specific user in mind.

Describe a target user for each of the product pairs shown below.

Give reasons for your answers.

Product Pair A

Kettle A (Cost £4.99) Toaster A (Cost £3.99)

Page 22 of 55

Product Pair B

Kettle B (Cost £58.99) Toaster B (Cost £54.99)

Product Pair A

Target User _____________________________________________________________

Reason ________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(3)

Product Pair B

Target User _____________________________________________________________

Reason ________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

Q29.
A craft knife with a replaceable ‘snap-off’ blade is shown in the image below with three
features labelled A, B and C.

Page 23 of 55

Ergonomics is important in the design of this knife.

(a) Choose one of the features labelled and explain what ergonomic considerations
were needed.

Feature ________________

Explanation _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) Colour is also an important design feature of the craft knife.

Explain why this is the case.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

Q30.
A craft knife with a replaceable ‘snap-off’ blade is shown in Figure 1

Figure 1

Page 24 of 55

Figure 2 shows a design for a craft knife with a fixed blade.

Spare replacement blades are carried inside the aluminium handle.

Figure 2

Suggest two features of the knife in Figure 2 that are improvements on the design shown
in Figure 1.

Feature 1 ______________________________________________________________

Reason ________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(3)

Feature 2 ______________________________________________________________

Reason ________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

Q31.
The range of lights shown below have different uses.

Page 25 of 55

Choose two lights from above.

Explain what type of consumer might purchase each of the chosen lights and how it would
meet their needs.

Light selected _______________

Explanation _____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(3)

Light selected _______________

Explanation _____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

Q32.
Choose two of the following terms and explain what they mean.

•        Design specification
•        Product analysis
•        Prototype
•        Evaluating

Page 26 of 55
Term __________________________________________________________________

Meaning _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(3)

Term __________________________________________________________________

Meaning _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

Q33.
Anthropometric data has been used in the design of the computer chair below.
Computer workstation chair

Ergonomic Figure

Page 27 of 55

Show on the diagram of the ergonomic figure three measurements that would have been
taken in order to design the chair.
(Total 3 marks)

Q34.
The seating arrangement for driving a car requires several adjustments.

Explain in detail two of the adjustments shown and the benefits to the driver.

Chosen adjustment 1 ________________

Explanation _____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(3)

Chosen adjustment 2 ________________

Explanation _____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Page 28 of 55
_______________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

Q35.
In the development of the product a shoe manufacturer will use anthropometric data.

Explain how anthropometric data helps to improve the product.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 3 marks)

Page 29 of 55
Mark schemes

Q1.

Excellent understanding of why designers research and
compare products before designing. A detailed range of
5-6 marks
points made. Look for detailed reference to informing their
own design i.e. what to incorporate and what to avoid.

Good understanding of why designers research and compare

3-4 marks products. Three or four points made. Link to value of
informing own design is unclear / not made.

Basic understanding of research and / or value in comparing

1-2 marks existing products. One or two simple / general statements
made.

0 marks No attempt or nothing worthy of credit.

Indicative content:

Research (a specific product) because:

• they want to see what is available on the market already

• what a product looks like
• what materials it is made from
• how it is packaged
• sustainability e.g. air miles, carbon footprint, percentage of recycled or reused
materials.

Compare (a range of products) because:

• want to know product specifications e.g. guarantee, technical features

• the price of similar products
• ease of use
• what target users think e.g. consumer group reports
• customer service.

Research and compare then link findings to designing their own products by:

• identifying a niche market / target group

• where market pull exists
• a gap in the market
• opportunities for new developments e.g. technology push
• design a better product / more 'fit for purpose'
• identify strengths and weaknesses in the competition.

Accept any other correct response.

[6]

Q2.
Award up to a maximum of 4 marks for each of the three parts of the question.

Page 30 of 55
Well described and justified analysis containing a full
3-4 marks evaluation, drawing conclusions having considered both
positive and negative factors

Brief points mentioned but not fully explained. Analysis

1-2 marks present but limited evaluation / conclusions drawn. May have
focused solely on either positive or negative factors

0 marks No attempt or nothing worthy of credit.

Allow positive and negative responses.

Indicative content:

A family holiday

Positive responses:

• can be folded up in a compact space to fit in a car or top box

• telescopic poles can be collapsed making them easier to transport in a family car
• good for families who want a multi stop holiday
• cost effective way of going on holiday with a family.

Negative responses:

• tent only holds two people and some families would involve three or more people
e.g. two adults, children and a pet
• it rains a lot in the UK and the tent is only shower proof
• if they get wet they can be inconvenient to dry out when you get home
• no security if you go out for the day.

Use in a natural disaster

Positive responses:

• transported rapidly in large numbers by airfreight (flat packed, compact) where

disaster area may not be easily accessible
• no specialist tools required to set up / assemble
• can be stored and reused once the disaster is over
• durable to survive elements / conditions
• they can be put up in geometric patterns (rows) to save space.

Negative responses:

• cotton fabric may not provide enough insulation if crisis occurs in inclement weather
• many separate parts, meaning distribution of all parts in a crisis becomes more
complex
• they require a degree of skill and stamina to put up, which the end user may not
have
• time consuming to set up in a crisis
• bulky to transport in large numbers due to numerous parts
• does not include a mosquito net which might be essential.

A festival

Positive responses:

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• can be set up in a field easily where access might be difficult
• can be carried into the event in a backpack
• can be pitched in high density to accommodate lots of festival 'goers'.

Negative responses:

• pop festivals can get very muddy and the tent would get dirty in these conditions
• made from several materials, which makes sorting and recycling more complex after
the event – many tents get left
• tents get set up anywhere and people may trip over guy ropes – safety hazard
• cotton burns which may be another danger where there are lots of camp fires
• no security and there are lots of people at festivals.

Points must be specific to the given scenario in order to be credit worthy.

NB allow repeats but they must be in context i.e. made specifically relevant to each
situation.

Accept any other credit worthy answers.

[12]

Q3.
1 mark for each correct reason stated up to a maximum of 2 marks.

One reason with a detailed explanation would get 2 marks.

Accept examples to clarify understanding even though question does not ask for them.

Indicative content:

• consider how the tent interacts with its users e.g. touch, feel, aesthetics possibly
even smell of the materials
• how easy it is to put up the tent
• does it provide sufficient shelter e.g. keep the rain off the occupants / keep them
warm.

You should accept any other valid responses.

[2]

Q4.
Award up to 4 marks for each of the three parts of the question as follows:

3 - 4 marks
Well described and justified analysis containing full evaluation, drawing conclusions
having considered both positive and negative factors.

1 - 2 marks
Brief points mentioned but not fully explained. Analysis present but limited evaluation /
conclusions drawn. May have focused solely on either positive or negative factors.

0 marks
Nothing worthy of credit.

Allow positive and negative responses. Responses may include the following types of
answer.

Page 32 of 55
Indicative content:

Suitability for the user

•        Waterproof which allows for use when outdoors and does not absorb sweat.
•        Clear display screen which is easy to read even when moving.
•        Flat surface which will not snag on clothing.
•        Useful features such as GPS which will allow the user to record their location and
distance travelled.
•        Flat screen susceptible to reflection.
•        Screen can scratch easily.

Aesthetic Quality
•        Black in colour which is neutral and sophisticated which will appeal to an adult target
market.
•        A plain colour that will not date / go out of fashion and appropriate for a wide range
of settings.
•        Brightly coloured icons on the screen that are attractive and easy to recognise.
•        Geometric, simple styling that can be worn by men or women.
•        Black is a boring colour that will not excite.
•        Square shape face may not appeal to all users.

Ergonomics
•        Strap has a number of holes to allow the size to be adjusted.
•        Touch screen makes controls easy to operate when running.
•        Watch is lightweight so is comfortable when worn.
•        Symbols are used on the screen and are clear and easy to see even when glanced
at.
•        Waterproof strap which can become uncomfortable as is not breathable.
[12]

Q5.
(a) Award matks as follows:

3 - 4 marks
Student demonstrates a clear knowledge of what anthropometrics is and good
understanding of why it is important for designers to consider, bringing in relevant
points to illustrate this, as per the indicative content below.

1 - 2 marks
Student demonstrates knowledge of what anthropometrics is but understanding of
its importance is limited and points to illustrate this may not be given.

0 marks
Nothing worthy of credit.

Indicative content:

Anthropometrics is the study of human measurements.

Designers need to consider anthropometric data in order to:
•        ensure that wearable items fit
•        ensure that products are comfortable
•        ensure that products are easy to use
•        ensure that products are suitable for their intended user
•        allows products to be adjusted within a range.
4

Page 33 of 55
(b) Award 1 mark for each valid measure up to a maximum of 2 marks.
Award 1 mark for each reason up to a maximum of 2 marks.

Indicative content is given below but this is not an exhaustive list. Reward any other
valid responses.

Measure Reason
The circumference of peoples’ So the strap can be designed
wrists to fit a range of measurements
So the strap can be designed
The width of peoples’ wrists.
to fit a range of measurements
So that the buttons are not too
The size of peoples’ fingertips. close together and can be
easily pressed.
4
[8]

Q6.
(a) 1 mark for two correct percentages.

102 ÷ 240 × 100 = 42.5%

30 ÷ 240 × 100 = 12.5% (or find it by addition of other percentages and subtract
from 100)

Colour Scheme Number of children Percentage of total
Pastel Colours 60 25
Primary Colours 102 42.5
Fluorescent
36 15
Colours
Subtle Colours 30 12.5
Metallic Colours 12 5

Total 240
1

(b) 1 mark for calculating angle of sector; i.e.

102 ÷ 240 × 360 = 153 degrees
or
30 ÷ 240 × 360 = 45 degrees

Other methods are acceptable and should be credited.

1 mark for measuring angle and drawing sector correctly.

Angles for each sector has to be correct to within a tolerance of +/- 2 degrees

If calculations are incorrect in question (a), errors can be carried over and credit
should be given here for presenting data correctly.

Shading does not need to be included in order to achieve full marks.

Page 34 of 55

2

(c) Marks awarded as follows:

3 marks
Observations are correct and show a clear understanding combined with a thorough
explanation as to how this data would influence their redesign. Consideration is
given not just to primary colours but also refers to both the support and lack of for
other colours.

2 marks
Observations are correct and show some understanding but little explanation of how
this data would be used for redesign, likely to focus solely on primary colours.

1 mark
Observations are correct showing basic understanding. No explanation of how the
data would be used.

0 marks
Nothing worthy of credit.

Indicative content

•        The most popular colour group is primary colours which is likely to be because
a lot of children like bright / bold things and to make a statement.
•        The data clearly shows a preference for this colour group and this should be
taken into account when redesigning the watch.
•        Although primary colours were the most popular, the majority of those
surveyed did not express a preference for primary colours.
•        Pastel, fluorescent and subtle were also relatively popular choices.
•        These should therefore also be considered when redesigning the watch.
•        Metallic was not popular. This is likely to be because it is a more grown up
colour choice.
•        If I was to design this product I would discount metallic.

Award any other valid responses

3
[6]

Q7.
(a) 1 mark for each change or addition to the specification.
1 mark for explanation of why it is important.

Page 35 of 55
Indicative content

•       The product must be smaller in size so that it fits on the wrist of a child aged
between 9 and 11 and is not too bulky for them.
•       The product should be simple to operate with simple features that are easily
accessible to children.
•       The product should contain cyber safety features to ensure the child is not put
at risk by using it.
•       The product should be interesting and engaging for children to encourage them
to use it; e.g. by containing logos / images on the strap.
•       The product must have tracking feature so parents can track children’s
whereabouts.
•       The product could have mini-games to provide entertainment for children.
•       Greater range of strap adjustment because children likely to grow significantly
between ages of 9 and 11.

Award any other valid responses

(b) 3 marks
Clear understanding of the use of a design specification including clear reference to
its use in evaluation and how this helps ensure a successful outcome.

2 marks
Some understanding of what a design specification is and some reference to
evaluating the final product and how this impacts on the success of the outcome.

1 mark
Basic understanding of the use of a design specification but does not refer to
evaluating the final outcome or the impact this has on its success.

0 marks
Nothing worthy of credit.

Indicative content:

A design specification is important because:

•       It allows a designer to summarise any research
•       It provides a clear criteria from which to work
•       It provides a point of agreement between the designer and the client
•       It provides a clear focus for the designer in terms of what they want to achieve.

A design specification helps to ensure a successful outcome because:

•       It allows a designer to modify their design as part of the iterative design
process
•       It provides a criteria against which to test iterations of the prototype
•       It allows a designer to evaluate the success of their final outcome.

Award any other valid responses.

3
[11]

Q8.
Access to images, manipulation, differentiation of design, library, instant result, access to
internet/CAM, proofs, virtual models, realism, storage space, ease of communication
(email), editing for clients, flexible work space, accuracy to aid manufacture. Dimensional
accuracy.

Page 36 of 55
(Accuracy needs justifying)

A fully detailed and comprehensive response that includes details of most of the
examples below. The answer is well-structured, with good use of appropriate design
& technology terminology and showing a good grasp of grammar, punctuation and
spelling.
7–8

A detailed and comprehensive response that includes several of the examples

below. The answer is well-structured, with good use of appropriate design &
technology terminology and showing a good grasp of grammar, punctuation and
spelling.
5–6

A fairly detailed response which refers to some of the examples below. The answer
is fairly well structured, with some use of design & technology terminology and with
a small number of errors in grammar, punctuation and spelling.
3–4

A response which contains very limited reference to any of the examples below. The
answer is vague or poorly structured, with little use of design & technology
terminology and with a considerable number of errors in grammar, punctuation and
spelling.
1–2

A response which is poorly structured with no relevant examples. There is very little
or no use of design technology terminology and with many errors in grammar,
punctuation and spelling.
0

Must tick relevant points

Max 2 marks for 2 relevant examples.

Examples: Any relevant example to support answer, eg design of

newspapers/magazines (possibly not graphic products).
[8]

Q9.
L plate Design requirements.

• Easily visible, colour, font

•        Recognisable
•        Simple design – minimal components
•        Economical to manufacture
•        Meet DSA regulations
•        Weather conditions
•        Nor damage paint
•        Must stay on at high speed
3 x 1 mark
[3]

Q10.
Target market
• Identification of the customer − may be different to end user.
• Identification of the end user − may be different to the buyer.

Page 37 of 55
• Help generate a client profile to ensure product would be suitable.
• Where the product would be sold and who it is aimed at − is it fit for target
market.

Materials & component catalogues

•        Look in appropriate supplier catalogues − INTERNET needs qualifying.
•        Testing materials.
•        Availability of materials e.g. standard forms, sizes, pack size.
•        Price of materials e.g. multiple / pack costs.

Impact on the environment

•        Make sure materials sourced are from an environmentally friendly source.
•        Reference re-use, recycle, repair, reduce, rethink and refuse.
•        Select materials considering fair trade, product miles, carbon footprint and
product disposal.

Any one of the above points related to designed product would gain 2 marks.
2 marks max per response for each research type
Point with qualification = 2
Two simple points = 2
One simple point = 1
No marks for:
Cheap / cheaper = 0
Strength / strong = 0
3×2
[6]

Q11.
(a)     Anthropometrics:
•        Study of peoples or human size.
•        Anthropometric data makes use of the 5th to 95th percentile.
•        Involves measuring people.
•        Anthropometric data is measurements.
Any 2 valid points or one point + clarification.
2

(b)     Ergonomics:
•        A study of the relationship between people and their environments.
•        The application / use of anthropometric data in real situations.
•        The design of efficient layouts and workspaces.
Any 2 valid points or one point + clarification
Relationship between product and the user = 1.
2
[4]

Q12.
(a)     Looking for reference to measurement and size of a human user e.g.
•        Size / width of hands to work out handle / drawer pull size.
•        Length of human reach (shoulder to fingertips) to decide on depth of
cupboard and shelves.
•        Work top heights to waist.

FOCUS ON HUMAN USER

Page 38 of 55
One simple point of how anthropometrics used = 1
General understanding with at least one example considered
=2
Full understanding of ergonomics and two or more specific
examples of use = 3.
3

(b)     Looking for reference to design of objects to fit the user / more effective
for the user e.g.
•        Comfortable handles to hold e.g. shaped, textured, colour coded.
•        Rotating chamber in corner kitchen units making it easier to reach.
•        Illuminated displays giving warning when hot / turned on.
•        Shelves not too high for most to reach.
•        Minimising movements to complete a task − working triangle.
Safety − non-conductive materials.
One simple point of how ergonomics is used = 1
General understanding with at least one example considered
=2
Full understanding of ergonomics and two or more specific
examples of use = 3.
3
[6]

Q13.
Oil camping light:
Feature:
•        Carrying handle
•        Glass shade to stop light being blown out
•        Self-contained fuel storage
•        Stable flat base
1 mark for any appropriate feature identified.
Light = 0
Wick = 1
Oil = 0
Oil powered = 1

Explanation:
•        Handle stops you from burning yourself on the hot lamp. Can also be used to
hang it up.
•        Glass shade stops naked flame from been blown out if there is a draught.
•        Base stores fuel so that lamp will provide light for a long time before running
out.
•        Base (combined with weight of fuel) will make lamp stable and stop it from
falling over and causing a fire.
Any 2 simple points of explanation or one point qualified
Look for what makes it suitable.

Battery Powered Torch:

Feature:
•        Large reflective lens
•        On / off button
•        Colour coded on / off button
•        Tough and robust ABS plastic case
•        Ergonomically designed handle
•        Battery power source − safety.

Page 39 of 55
Light = 0
Bulb = 1
Battery = 0
Battery powered = 1
1 mark for any appropriate feature identified.
Explanation:
•        The lens allows you to direct the light beam a long way in one direction e.g. to
see where you are going on a walk.
•        The on / off button allows you to turn the light on or off with no fuss e.g. no
need for matches.
•        Colour coded button may be luminous so it is easy to turn on in the dark.
•        The tough and durable case will resist sudden knocks and impacts unlike the
glass shade.
•        The handle is designed to fit the user as you may be carrying it a long time.
The shaped handle will stop the torch from slipping out of your hand.
•        The battery power source is easier to replace when the batteries go flat. It may
use rechargeable batteries that can be recharged for future trips.
•        Batteries present less danger for the user (children on DofE?) than matches,
flammable fuel and naked flames.
NB Both lights can use handle as answer
Any 2 simple points of explanation or one point qualified
Look for what makes it suitable.
[6]

Q14.
Feature:
• Replace oil and wick with a battery and bulb.

Explanation:
•        Battery presents less of a H&S risk so the light could be used by children
without adult supervision.
•        Requires good hand eye co-ordination to light lamp wick and refill the oil tank
on the lamp. May not be possible if you have some form of visual impairment,
paralysis, arthritis etc.
•        No chance of being knocked over and causing a fire.
•        Reduce chance of glass lens breaking and cutting someone / allowing flame
(light) to go out.
1 mark for any appropriate feature identified
Any 2 simple points of explanation or one point qualified.
[3]

Q15.
Feature:
•        Change torch to a wind – up one to generate electricity.
•        Include a solar cell on torch case to recharge batteries directly.
•        Superbright LEDs e.g. piranha LEDs. Accept LEDs.
1 mark for any appropriate feature identified
Battery, long lasting batteries, stronger batteries = 0.

Explanation:
• There will be no need to buy batteries, the torch will be wound up when light is
required.
• The solar cell will recharge the batteries during the day when the torch is not in

Page 40 of 55
use. The solar cell could be mounted on the torch body or exist as a stand-
alone charging unit.
Any 2 simple points of explanation or one point qualified.
[3]

Q16.
Questionnaires - sent out through post / internet to collect wide range of responses from
different social groups. Use closed or open questions.
Survey - carried out locally, targets specific consumers.
Testing - consumer’s given examples of images to look at and comment / feedback
on.
Telephone - cold calling to gather verbal feedback / opinion only.
Client interviews - a structured approach may be face to face or over telephone.
Conducted personally.
Consumer / client clinics.
Online forum - conversations as posted messages.
Social Media Network sites e.g. twitter for thoughts.
1 mark for method
1 mark for explanation / extra detail.
Ask questions = 1
2 × 2 mark
[4]

Q17.
(a) Anthropometrics literally means man (anthro) measurements (metric). It is the
measurement of the size and proportions of the human body, as well as
parameters such as reach and visual range capabilities. Anthropometrics
enables us to properly size items to "fit" the user. Reference to 5th, 50th and 95th
percentile.
A sound description of anthropometrics.
2 marks

Do not accept ergonomics.

A simplistic statement.
1 mark
2

(b) Average data for size of adult hand used to style grip, size of buttons, average
reach / distance of end of nozzle from head and handle;
measurements for length of cable – reach and height of user in relationship to
possible positions of power socket. Average data for men and women selected
to ensure fully inclusive. Reference to 5th, 50th and 95th percentile.

Do not accept ergonomics.

A concise and detailed response showing a good understanding of how

anthropometrics is used in practice. 2 relevant points developed in detail or 4
in brief.
4 marks

A good response showing a sound understanding of how anthropometrics is

used in practice.
2 relevant points developed in detail and 1 in brief or 3 in brief
3 marks

Page 41 of 55
A sound response showing a basic understanding of how anthropometrics is
used in practice.
1 relevant point developed in detail or 2 in brief.
2 marks

A simplistic statement which mentions one point only.

1 mark
4
[6]

Q18.
(a) Ergonomics is the science of designing the workplace environment and
product interface to fit the user. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to
prevent repetitive strain injuries, which can develop over time and can lead to
long – term disability. Ease of use, comfort.
A sound description of ergonomics.
2 marks
A simplistic statement.
1 mark
e.g. ‘when devices and equipment fit the human body’
1 mark
2

(b) Use of materials and styling of handle and grip to be comfortable to use,

weight of dryer so doesn’t cause discomfort to user / aching arms; hair dryer
body insulated so heat doesn’t transfer to handle and become hot in use; non
slip plastics so doesn’t fall out of hand; lightweight materials.

A concise and detailed response showing a good understanding of how

ergonomics is used in practice.
2 relevant points developed in detail or 4 in brief.
4 marks

A good response showing a sound understanding of how ergonomics is used

in practice. 2 relevant points developed in detail and 1 in brief or 3 in brief.
3 marks

A sound response showing a basic understanding of how ergonomics is used

in practice. 1 relevant point developed in detail or 2 in brief.
2 marks

A simplistic statement which mentions one point only.

1 mark
4
[6]

Q19.
(a) Survey of human measurements to help designers create products suitable for
human use. Promote safe use as designed for human body – fit for hand, non
slip, support for spine to minimise neck and back strain etc.

A sound description of anthropometric data.

2 marks

A simplistic statement.
1 mark

Page 42 of 55
(b) Designers use measurements between 5th and 95th percentile to ensure fully
ergonomic, comfort for user. Range of measurements that is inclusive of most
people. Designers select the appropriate end of range e.g. 95th percentile for
door frame, 5th percentile for chair height

A concise and detailed response showing a good understanding of 5th to 95th

percentile.
3 marks

A sound description of 5th to 95th percentile.

2 marks

A simplistic statement.
1 mark
[5]

Q20.
(a) A detailed response showing a very good understanding of the implication and
issues of each adjustment required, dealing with specific benefit as well as the
broader benefits of comfort, safety, reach etc.
3 marks

A reasonable response which may be two basic descriptions of each

adjustment or one adjustment described in detail.
2 marks

A basic description of one adjustment but with limited or no explanation.

1 mark

(b) Minimum: 0352
1 mark

Maximum: 0476
1 mark
[5]

Q21.
Survey of human measurements, designers use measurements between 5th and 95th
percentile to ensure fit for user. Promote safe use as designed for human body – fit for
hand, non slip, support for spine to minimise neck and back strain etc.

A full description of anthropometrics.

2 marks

A simplistic statement.
1 mark
[2]

Q22.

Page 43 of 55

Correct labels, correctly positioned.

Allow measurements relating to the chair, workstation, user, sight line, reach.
3 × 1 marks
[3]

Q23.
Product analysis: analysing different aspects of products such as function, materials,
manufacturing processes, style etc to find out its good and bad points. Hard work already
done as product developed and materials, components etc already specified, designers
can improve on what is already there without having to start from scratch; existing market
already established; more cost effective; make less mistakes.

Two or more well explained appropriate advantages or three brief advantages.

3 marks

One well explained appropriate advantages or two brief advantages.

2 marks

One appropriate advantage not explained.

1 mark
[3]

Q24.
Technology push – development of new technologies materials and ideas for new
products; Market pull – marketplace creates consumer demand; Continuous improvement
– outcome of QA systems generating continually improving products; increase sales,
Social changes - portability, aesthetics, fashion increased functions, user simplicity

1 mark per reason / accept max of 3 reasons across the 3 responses

3 marks
[3]

Q25.

Page 44 of 55

Bicycle 2
Bicycle 1 Mountain bike – male adult, extreme
Classic ladies bike - middle aged / older sports enthusiast, off roading, front and
lady / female student for shopping, rear suspension, low adjustable seat, 21
lowered cross bar for comfort, covered gears, light weight frame so easily
chain to prevent transfer of oil to carried, quick release wheels, chunky
clothing, sit up and beg position, basket tyres suitable for rough terrain, comfort
for shopping, wide comfort saddle saddle. Also may be interpreted as
child’s bike / BMXlower seat to
handlebars, chunky tyres for stability,
compact frame, stunt riding

Bicycle 3 Bicycle 4
Racing bike – male adult, road bike, low Folding bike – adult, any sensible
slung handle bars for aerodynamic answer related to storage in motor
position, alternative brakes / gear vehicle, flexible transport requirements,
change on top of handle bars – flexible portable to take on train etc.
riding position, 21 gears, lightweight,
slim tyres for road, click on / off racing
pedals, slim saddle

Identification of one specific user for any 2 bikes

2 × 1 mark

Reason fully explained and clearly linked to user identified

2 marks

Brief explanation / one word answer / sound reason but not linked to user identified.
1 mark
2 × 2 marks
[6]

Q26.

Page 45 of 55

Pink colour; basket to carry toys / collect items; stabilsers to help balance; covered
chain to prevent transfer of oil to clothing; flower and cartoon motifs to interest girls;
white tyres look clean, aesthetically pleasing; chunky tyres to prevent punctures,
increase stability; wide seat for increased comfort; modified cross bar to aid getting
on and off.

Design feature well explained

2 marks

Design feature stated but not explained

1 mark
2 × 2 marks
[4]

Q27.
Anthropometrics literally means man (anthro) measurements (metric). It is the
measurement of the size and proportions of the human body, as well as parameters such
as reach and visual range capabilities. Anthropometrics enables us to properly size items
“fit” the user. Reference to 5th, 50th and 95th percentile

Full explanation
2 marks

Brief / single word answer

1 mark
[2]

Q28.
Product A
Target User: Student, older / elderly, low disposable income

Reasons: Low cost products, lower quality, few functions, cheaper materials, low
tech, functional, basic designs, economy feel

Product B
Target User: High disposable income, professional, fashion conscious

Reasons: High cost products, high quality, high tech, enhanced functions,
sophisticated materials, fashionable, luxury feel

Identification of appropriate target user

1 mark

Reason fully explained and clearly linked to user identified

2 mark

Page 46 of 55
Brief explanation / one word answer / sound reason but not linked to user identified
1 mark

No marks for low / high class for user unless qualified

2 × 3 marks
[6]

Q29.
(a) A full answer similar to examples below
(2 marks)

Superficial or partial answer

(1 mark)

A – Must be easy enough for thumb to press and slide without slipping off

B – Handle shaped to prevent slipping when cutting in a pulling action.

Grooves have been provided to make grip easier.

C – Knurled locking screw must be easy to turn and easy to secure the blade
in place by hand.
Must not interfere with the comfort of the handle
* Answers that relate to the overall shape and size of the handle / body and
deal with anthropometric data and ergonomics can be given full credit.

(b) A full answer similar to examples below

(2 marks)

Superficial or partial answer

(1 mark)

Contrasting colours easier to see when left in toolbox / bag etc. These colours
are often associated with danger (striped tape around machines in workshop);
Hi-vis yellow standard colour linked to Health & Safety – road signs, notices.
Accept marketing / aesthetics if well qualified e.g. brand image.
[4]

Q30.
2 different features and explanations of improvements provided.
(2 × 3 marks)

Feature identified.
(1 mark)

Reasoned explanation of improvement

e.g. Handle is easier to grip; knife is easier to see due to colour; blade is retractable
therefore potentially safer; snap off blade means always got a sharp blade available;
no tools required to get a new blade out.
(2 marks)

Superficial explanation of improvement.

e.g. better grip; easier to see; safer; easier to use.
Where candidates have used Figure 2 as the improved knife, marks can be awarded
for justified improvements.
(1 mark)
[6]

Page 47 of 55
Q31.
User and typical use identified for 2 lights.

Detailed description which identifies the user and the typical use of light
(3 marks)

Description which indicates user and superficially indicates use

(2 marks)

Either user or use identified only

(1 mark)
A-      Heavy duty light suitable for construction worker, maintenance engineer, back
of car etc. Suitable for supplying directional light. Handle makes it easy to
carry. Large battery for prolonged use.
B-      Attached to key fob makes it particularly suitable for carrying in pocket or
handbag. Close-up light suitable for seeing lock, reading map or similar short
term use over small area. Male or female, most likely a driver.
C-      Cycle light. Easily attached and removed for safe keeping. Likely to be used
by a serious cyclist (obviously for night time use) who commutes to and from
work.
D-      Portable desk light suitable for flexible use as a reading lamp. Does not need
to be connected to mains supply. Easily folds away and can fit into briefcase
so suitable for business person on the move. Could be safely used in child’s
bedroom or as make-up, shaving mirror. Safe for use in bathroom.
(2 × 3 marks)
[6]

Q32.
Two terms selected and explanations given.

No marks for term.

Detailed answer, fully explaining term, use of technical language where appropriate
and example of when might be used.
(3 marks)

Term well explained, some use of technical language, example of when might be
used.
(2 marks)

Superficial explanation, lacking in detail or example of when might be used.

(1 mark)

Design specification

A list of criteria / feature the product should meet / have to be successful. This might
make reference to performance criteria, key dimensions, style, human factors,
materials etc. Used throughout the process to evaluate proposals.

Product Analysis

Detailed investigation of a product to compile a list of attributes / features for future

reference / comparisons. This might make reference to performance criteria, key
dimensions, style, human factors, materials etc.

Prototype

A one-off design which can be fully tested prior to full scale production taking place.

Page 48 of 55
This might be made using different materials and manufacturing processes or could
be identical to the production model

Evaluating

Detailed testing of a product to ensure that it meets the design specification. Should
take place throughout the designing stages as well as at the end of the process.
(2 × 3 marks)
[6]

Q33.

Any three measurements clearly shown

(3 × 1 mark)
[3]

Q34.
Two different adjustments chosen and explanations provided for each.

No marks for adjustment.

A detailed response showing a very good understanding of the implication and

issues of the adjustment required, dealing with specific benefit as well as the
broader benefits of comfort, safety, reach etc.
(3 marks)

A description of the adjustment and explanation of the benefit to the driver.

Response may be lacking in detail or lacking in understanding.
(2 marks)

A basic description of the adjustment.

(1 mark)

The more adjustable features within the car (e.g. steering wheel adjustment in / out,
up / down and tilt), the greater the likelihood of the driver achieving good and
comfortable posture.

• Good visibility of the road should be possible, together with a good view of all
the instruments.
• The driver should be able to reach all of the controls (pedals and hand

Page 49 of 55
controls) without stretching.
• The body should be supported and muscular effort minimised to allowing the
driver to concentrate on the driving task.

Specific comments to each adjustment may include:

A Prevent whiplash

B Prevent back strain / increase comfort

C Relationship to pedals and other controls

(2 × 3 marks)
[6]

Q35.
An explanation that is simplistic, with limited understanding of anthropometrical data.
e.g. “so that the footwear will fit properly”. (1 mark)

An explanation that shows some understanding of anthropometrics e.g.

“Measurements are taken of the foot and used to calculate the size of footwear so
that they are comfortable”. (2 marks)

A detailed explanation that displays a good understanding of the use of

anthropometrical data e.g.
“ Several measurements are taken or a wide sample of consumers feet used to
calculate the shape and size of footwear that would comfortably fit standard sizes
e.g. 6,7,8,9 etc.
Mention of 5th -95th%ile though not specifically relevant to shoe design might be used
to calculate how many of each size are manufactured and whether some styles are
only manufactured in limited sizes for either commercial or functional reasons. (3
marks)
(3 marks)
[3]

Page 50 of 55
Examiner reports

Q8.
A good range of marks shown with good depth of knowledge of CAD and technical terms.
The candidates were able to provide suitable examples for their subject knowledge and
experiences. This was the QWC question and the use of design and technology
terminology was much better than in previous years.

Q9.
Many candidates gave a good response to this question and gained marks although there
was repetition in some answers.

Q10.
The strongest responses clarified all three areas of research, giving detail of how each
research technique would be effectively used. Particularly strong responses in relation to
the target market were noted across the full ability range, reference to questionnaires and
surveys being common answers. There was confusion in some responses, with
candidates giving specification points for their chosen product.

Q11.
Responses referring to:
• Anthropometrics − reference to human measurement, measurement of arms, legs,
hands etc. were correct. Candidates were able to expand responses by talking
about the 5th to 95th percentile. Study of the human body (with no reference to size,
measurement etc.) is biology and was hence marked as incorrect.
• Ergonomics − correct responses which included looking at interaction with the
human user, user senses and for safe and comfortable use were acceptable.

Q12.
This question was attempting to get candidates to apply their understanding of human
factors in an environment with which they were familiar. Many good responses were seen,
explaining how hand sizes (anthropometrics) were needed to work out the correct size of
drawer pulls, and human height to work out worktop levels etc. Candidates were able in
many cases to then explain with confidence about how features in the kitchen needed to
be shaped for comfort of the user and ease of working in the kitchen (ii).

Q13.
Candidates had to correctly identify one feature and then explain what made it suitable in
the context of a camping trip. Lots of responses correctly identified the different power
sources, e.g. oil or battery powered, the handle, glass mantle and lens. Additional marks
were then available for those candidates who were able to explain how their chosen
feature made each light appropriate for a camping trip.

Q14.
Good responses included changing the handle design for a more comfortable ergonomic
design. Other responses included replacement of the glass mantle with a heat resistant
polymer design, avoiding safety issues of the glass smashing if dropped.

Page 51 of 55
Q15.
Many good responses identifying kinetic recharging were seen. Candidates included a
feature/handle that could be wound as necessary to create a reliable light and removing
the need for replacement/spare batteries. The best responses correctly identified how a
solar cell on the torch case could recharge batteries during the day for use at night, like
garden/patio lights. Other strong responses included a wind-up torch to generate light
when it was needed.

Q16.
Many candidates were able to name appropriate methods of gathering information
e.g. survey, questionnaire and in many instances expand on their responses for full
marks.

Q17.
(a) This was well answered by many with correct responses explaining the study of
human measurements. Some answers referred to the 5th 50th and 95th percentile.

(b) Some candidates confused the terms anthropometrics and ergonomics. The best
answers described how hand measurements had been used in the design of the
handle and positioning of the buttons. A minority of candidates considered how arm
length could be used in the design of the body of the hairdryer and position from the
head and height of the user to determine the length of the cable. Many candidates
achieved full marks.

Q18.
(a) Many correctly described ergonomics as the fit of the product to the user.
Candidates also often confused anthropometrics with ergonomics and some talked
about aesthetic styling and sustainability.

(b) Where candidates had understood part (a) they could often give relevant
explanations relating to the shape and grip of the handle fitting the consumer.
Candidates also considered the weight of the hairdryer and the heat output which
would ensure the comfort of the user.

Q19.
Candidates responded extremely well to this question and most scored highly.

(a) Most candidates were able to appropriately describe anthropometrics in terms of

the study of human measurements, a survey of averages etc. Some candidates
confused anthropometrics and ergonomics.

(b) Most candidates had an awareness of the range of measurements and its

relationship with ensuring products fit most people but very few candidates
accessed the full range of marks. The best responses explained the exclusion of the
10% extremes and how the range informed designers for specific products.

Q20.
(a) Most candidates understood how adjustments can assist the user to be comfortable.
A majority of candidates described the adjustment / range of movement and / or its
benefit. The best responses described both the range of movement and the benefit
to the user to gain full marks.

Page 52 of 55
(b) Well answered by most candidates. A minority of candidates chose the wrong data
figures.

Q21.
A majority of candidates answered correctly, the remainder had very limited knowledge of
the topic. Anthropometrics was generally well defined with many students scoring 2 marks
for a concise explanation.

Q22.
Candidates who scored full marks added dimensional arrows to the drawing to show
appropriate measurements. Many candidates described the measurement without
dimensional arrows; many arrows were poorly drawn with no clear start or finish in relation
to the chair / desk / ergonome and therefore were not able to gain marks. A very few
candidates labelled 3 correct measurements.

Q23.
Well answered with the majority of candidates giving sensible advantages of looking at
existing products such as product improvement and marketing issues.

Q24.
Very well answered by many with typical successful responses focusing on technology
push and market pull.

Q25.
Many candidates gained full marks for this question and in general it was very well
answered. Candidates seem very well practiced in product comparison and are able to
identify target markets for products year on year.

Well answered by the majority with a typical user for the bicycle clearly identified. Many
candidates could give sound reasons why the bicycle was suited to the user.

Q26.
Well answered with popular design features identified being, stabilisers, colourand
patterns, chain guard, and basket. Where the features had been well explained they could
access full marks. Candidates failed to gain marks for just stating that the bicycle was
small with no explanation.

Q27.
Very poorly answered with a minimal number of candidates understanding the term
anthropometric data.

Q28.
Many candidates gained full marks for this question and in general it was very well
answered.
Candidates seem very well practiced in product comparison and are able to identify target
markets for products year on year.

To achieve three marks, candidates were required to identify a typical user and describe

Page 53 of 55
how specific design features of the product pairs met that user’s needs. Most candidates
were able to achieve full marks. A surprising number of students however, responded to
the target user as either upper, middle or lower class without qualification rather than to
identify low or high disposable income. These students failed to score in this question.
Good responses made use of the given examples and referred to the aesthetics, function,
cost or materials and related these to the target users.

Q29.
(a) Most candidates were able to show a knowledge and understanding of ergonomics
and user interface with the product. Good responses included reference to grip and
fit for comfort and safety. A small minority referred to anthropometrics and average
sizes.
Most candidates were able to achieve 2 marks

(b) Again very well answered by most candidates. Acceptable answers included signal
for danger, aesthetically pleasing and easily seen to avoid accidents. Candidates
frequently achieved full marks

Q30.
Very well answered by most candidates. To gain full marks, candidates needed to
describe the feature rather than indicating A, B or C for one mark and then go on to
describe how it was an improvement on the knife shown in figure 2 for a further two
marks.
A significant number of candidates talked about the knife shown in figure 2 being an
improvement on the knife shown in figure 1 but were not penalised and appropriate
responses were still able to receive full credit.

Q31.
All four lights were equally selected for comparison although the most successful
responses were for the cycle light; possibly as students could talk form their own
experience. To achieve three marks, candidates were required to identify a typical user
and describe how specific design features met that user’s needs. Most candidates were
able to achieve full marks.

Q32.
Most candidates knew the terms, but many struggled to explain them in sufficient detail to
gain full marks

Q33.
Well answered by the majority who identified three relevant measurements.

Q34.
Most candidates were able to provide appropriate and well explained responses.
Reference to ergonomics / anthropometrics and therefore adjustments for posture,
comfort, safety and concentration were common pace and appropriately rewarded. Many
candidates achieved full marks.

Q35.
Most candidates understood the term anthropometric data but frequently candidates failed

Page 54 of 55
to associate it with the design and comfort of the shoe. Better responses included
matching production numbers to the data and references were made to the 5th to 95th
percentile. Few candidates scored 3 marks.

Page 55 of 55

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