Module 4
Module 4
I. Learning Objectives
II. Introduction
The accounting cycle is a series of steps performed during the accounting period
(some throughout the period and some at the end) to analyze, record, classify, summarize,
and report useful financial information for the purpose of preparing financial statements. In
the summarizing stage, preparing worksheet is an important tool and starting point in making
a proper financial statements which are the income statement, balance sheet and cash flow
statement. There are four steps in making a worksheet: 1. by making unadjusted trial
balance, 2. posting the adjustment, 3. completing adjusted trial balance, and 4. extending the
adjusted amounts to the financial statement columns (income statement and balance sheet).
III. Lesson
Worksheet.
Is a multiple-column form used in preparing financial statements.
Not a permanent accounting record.
May be a computerized worksheet using an electronic spreadsheet program such as
Excel.
Steps in Preparing a Worksheet
Prepared by using a four-step process.
Use of worksheet is optional.
Steps in Preparing a Worksheet
ADJUSTED
TRIAL BALANCE ADJUSTMENTS TRIAL BALANCE INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET
Acct # ACCOUNT TITLES Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit
100 Cash 117,500.00
101 Accounts Receivable 14,000.00
102 Notes Receivable 4,000.00
103 Saloon Supplies 15,000.00
104 Prepaid Rent
105 Prepaid Interest
110 Equipment - Saloon 70,000.00
111 Accumulated Depreciation - Equipment
200 Notes Payable 50,000.00
201 Accounts Payable 15,000.00
202 Salaries & Wages Payable
300 Casabuena's, Capital 150,000.00
301 Casabuena's, Drawing 13,000.00
400 Service Revenues 59,000.00
500 Salaries & Wages Expense 9,000.00
501 Rent Expense 18,000.00
502 Advertising Expense 2,500.00
503 Utilities Expense 2,000.00
504 Interest Expense 9,000.00
505 Depreciation Expense
506 Saloon Supplies Expense
302 Income Summary
TOTAL 274,000.00 274,000.00
Note: 1. Trial balance amounts were taken directly from the ledger accounts.
2. The total debit and credit balances must be the same amount.
ADJUSTED
TRIAL BALANCE ADJUSTMENTS TRIAL BALANCE INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET
Acct # ACCOUNT TITLES Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit
100 Cash 117,500.00
101 Accounts Receivable 14,000.00
102 Notes Receivable 4,000.00
103 Saloon Supplies 15,000.00 11,000.00
104 Prepaid Rent 12,000.00
105 Prepaid Interest 8,625.00
110 Equipment - Saloon 70,000.00
111 Accumulated Depreciation - Equipment 2,000.00
200 Notes Payable 50,000.00
201 Accounts Payable 15,000.00
202 Salaries & Wages Payable 9,000.00
300 Casabuena's, Capital 150,000.00
301 Casabuena's, Drawing 13,000.00
400 Service Revenues 59,000.00
500 Salaries & Wages Expense 9,000.00 9,000.00
501 Rent Expense 18,000.00 12,000.00
502 Advertising Expense 2,500.00
503 Utilities Expense 2,000.00
504 Interest Expense 9,000.00 8,625.00
505 Depreciation Expense 2,000.00
506 Saloon Supplies Expense 11,000.00
302 Income Summary
TOTAL 274,000.00 274,000.00 42,625.00 42,625.00
ADJUSTED
TRIAL BALANCE ADJUSTMENTS TRIAL BALANCE INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET
Acct # ACCOUNT TITLES Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit
100 Cash 117,500.00 117,500.00
101 Accounts Receivable 14,000.00 14,000.00
102 Notes Receivable 4,000.00 4,000.00
103 Saloon Supplies 15,000.00 11,000.00 4,000.00
104 Prepaid Rent 12,000.00 12,000.00
105 Prepaid Interest 8,625.00 8,625.00
110 Equipment - Saloon 70,000.00 70,000.00
111 Accumulated Depreciation - Equipment 2,000.00 2,000.00
200 Notes Payable 50,000.00 50,000.00
201 Accounts Payable 15,000.00 15,000.00
202 Salaries & Wages Payable 9,000.00 9,000.00
300 Casabuena's, Capital 150,000.00 150,000.00
301 Casabuena's, Drawing 13,000.00 13,000.00
400 Service Revenues 59,000.00 59,000.00
500 Salaries & Wages Expense 9,000.00 9,000.00 18,000.00
501 Rent Expense 18,000.00 12,000.00 6,000.00
502 Advertising Expense 2,500.00 2,500.00
503 Utilities Expense 2,000.00 2,000.00
504 Interest Expense 9,000.00 8,625.00 375.00
505 Depreciation Expense 2,000.00 2,000.00
506 Saloon Supplies Expense 11,000.00 11,000.00
302 Income Summary
TOTAL 274,000.00 274,000.00 42,625.00 42,625.00 285,000.00 285,000.00
Step 4: Extend the adjusted amounts to Financial Statement Columns and Compute the Net
Income (Loss)
ADJUSTED
TRIAL BALANCE ADJUSTMENTS TRIAL BALANCE INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET
Acct # ACCOUNT TITLES Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit
100 Cash 117,500.00 117,500.00 117,500.00
101 Accounts Receivable 14,000.00 14,000.00 14,000.00
102 Notes Receivable 4,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00
103 Saloon Supplies 15,000.00 11,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00
104 Prepaid Rent 12,000.00 12,000.00 12,000.00
105 Prepaid Interest 8,625.00 8,625.00 8,625.00
110 Equipment - Saloon 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00
111 Accumulated Depreciation - Equipment 2,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00
200 Notes Payable 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00
201 Accounts Payable 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00
202 Salaries & Wages Payable 9,000.00 9,000.00 9,000.00
300 Casabuena's, Capital 150,000.00 150,000.00 150,000.00
301 Casabuena's, Drawing 13,000.00 13,000.00 13,000.00
400 Service Revenues 59,000.00 59,000.00 59,000.00
500 Salaries & Wages Expense 9,000.00 9,000.00 18,000.00 18,000.00
501 Rent Expense 18,000.00 12,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00
502 Advertising Expense 2,500.00 2,500.00 2,500.00
503 Utilities Expense 2,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00
504 Interest Expense 9,000.00 8,625.00 375.00 375.00
505 Depreciation Expense 2,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00
506 Saloon Supplies Expense 11,000.00 11,000.00 11,000.00
302 Income Summary 17,125.00 17,125.00
TOTAL 274,000.00 274,000.00 42,625.00 42,625.00 285,000.00 285,000.00 59,000.00 59,000.00 243,125.00 243,125.00
The amount in the Adjusted Trial Balance will be extended to either Income Statement or
Balance Sheet columns.
In Income Statement, only those Revenue and Expenses accounts will be reflected. While in
Balance Sheet, all Assets, Liabilities, and Owner’s Equity accounts will be reflected.
Income summary amount is a balancing figure to determine the net income or loss. Thus, in
Income Statement column All Revenues will be deducted by All Expenses, and if the results:
a. All Revenues > All Expenses; the difference is net income and to be posted in the
“Debit” column in the Income Statement and “Credit” column in the Balance Sheet
column
b. All Revenues < All Expenses; the difference is net loss and to be posted in the
“Credit” column in the Income Statement and “Debit” column in the Balance Sheet
column
In Philippine Peso
Service Revenues 59,000.00
Less: Expenses:
Salaries & Wages Expense 18,000.00
Rent Expense 6,000.00
Advertising Expense 2,500.00
Utilities Expense 2,000.00
Interest Expense 375.00
Depreciation Expense 2,000.00
Saloon Supplies Expense 11,000.00
Total Expenses 41,875.00
Net Income 17,125.00
In Philippine Peso
Casabuena's Capital - Aug.1 -
Add: Investments 150,000.00
Net Income 17,125.00
TOTAL 167,125.00
Less: Casabuena's Drawing 13,000.00
Casabuena's Capital - August 31 154,125.00
In Philippine Peso
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash 117,500.00
Accounts Receivable 14,000.00
Notes Receivable 4,000.00
Saloon Supplies 4,000.00
Prepaid Rent 12,000.00
Prepaid Interest 8,625.00
Total Current Assets 160,125.00
Non-Current Assets:
Equipment - Saloon 70,000.00
Less: Accumulated Depreciation - Equipment 2,000.00
Total Non-Current Assets, net 68,000.00
OWNER'S EQUITY
Casabuena's Capital - August 31 154,125.00
In Philippine Peso
Cash Flow from Operating Activities:
Cash received from customers for rendering of services Note 1 41,000.00
Cash payment for payment of salaries & wages (9,000.00)
Cash payment for rentals (18,000.00)
Cash payment for advertising (2,500.00)
Cash payment for utilities (2,000.00)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activties 9,500.00
At the end of the accounting period, the company makes the accounts ready for the next
period.
Companies generally journalize and post closing entries only at the end of the annual
Owner’s Capital is a
permanent account.
All other accounts are
temporary accounts.
CLOSING ENTRIES
GENERAL JOURNAL J3
DATE ACCOUNT TITLE Ref. Debit Credit
August 31 Service Revenues 400 59,000.00
Income Summary 302 59,000.00
To close service revenues account
Purpose is to prove the equality of the permanent account balances carried forward
into the next accounting period. The post-closing trial balance of Beauty & Best Saloon on
August 31, 2020 were presented on the next page:
7. Prepare financial
4. Prepare a trial balance
statements
Instead of preparing a correcting entry, it is possible to reverse the incorrect entry and
then prepare the correct entry.
CASE 1: On May 10, Mercato Co. journalized and posted a $50 cash collection on
account from a customer as a debit to Cash $50 and a credit to Service Revenue $50. The
company discovered the error on May 20, when the customer paid the remaining balance
in full.
Incorrect Entry:
Cash 50
Service Revenue 50
Correct Entry:
Cash 50
Accounts Receivable 50
Correcting Entry:
Service Revenue 50
Accounts Receivable 50
CASE 2: On May 18, Mercato purchased on account equipment costing $450. The
transaction was journalized and posted as a debit to Equipment $45 and a credit to
Accounts Payable $45. The error was discovered on June 3.
Incorrect Entry:
Equipment 45
Accounts Payable 45
Correct Entry:
Equipment 450
Accounts Payable 450
Correcting Entry:
Equipment 405
Accounts Payable 405
CLO 4. Identify the sections of an/a income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow
statement.
Income Statement
Presents a snapshot at a point in time.
To improve understanding, companies group similar assets and similar liabilities
together.
In Philippine Peso
Service Revenues 59,000.00
Less: Expenses:
Salaries & Wages Expense 18,000.00
Rent Expense 6,000.00
Advertising Expense 2,500.00
Utilities Expense 2,000.00
Interest Expense 375.00
Depreciation Expense 2,000.00
Saloon Supplies Expense 11,000.00
Total Expenses 41,875.00
Net Income 17,125.00
Revenue is the amount a company receives from selling goods and/or providing services to
its customers and clients. A company's revenue, which is reported on the first line of
its income statement, is often described as sales or service revenues. Hence, revenue is the
amount earned from customers and clients before subtracting the company's expenses.
Under the accrual method of accounting, an expense is a cost that is reported on the income
statement for the period in which:
1. The cost best matches the related revenues
2. The cost is used up or expires
3. There is uncertainty or difficulty in measuring the future benefit of the cost
In Philippine Peso
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash 117,500.00
Accounts Receivable 14,000.00
Notes Receivable 4,000.00
Saloon Supplies 4,000.00
Prepaid Rent 12,000.00
Prepaid Interest 8,625.00
Total Current Assets 160,125.00
Non-Current Assets:
Equipment – Saloon 70,000.00
Less: Accumulated Depreciation –
Equipment 2,000.00
Total Non-Current Assets, net 68,000.00
OWNER'S EQUITY
Casabuena's Capital - August 31 154,125.00
Assets can be defined as a resources or things of value that are owned by a company as the
result of company transactions, prepaid expenses that have not yet been used up or have not
yet expired, and costs that have a future value that can be measured reliably. Assets can be
classified into:
1. Current Assets include cash and assets that are expected to turn to cash within one
year of the balance sheet date. Current assets also include prepaid expenses that will be used
up within one year. If a company's operating cycle is longer than one year, the length of the
operating cycle is used in place of the one-year time period.
2. Noncurrent Asset is an asset that is not expected to turn to cash within one year of
date shown on a company's balance sheet. A noncurrent asset is also known as a long-term
asset.
Liability is defined as the future sacrifices of economic benefits that the entity is obliged to
make to other entities as a result of past transactions or other past events, the settlement of
which may result in the transfer or use of assets, provision of services or other yielding of
economic benefits in the future. A liability is classified into:
2. Noncurrent Liabilities, also called long-term liabilities or long-term debts, are long-
term financial obligations listed on a company’s balance sheet. These liabilities have
obligations that become due beyond twelve months in the future, as opposed to
current liabilities which are short-term debts with maturity dates within the following
twelve-month period.
Owner's Equity represents the owner's investment in the business minus the owner's
draws or withdrawals from the business plus the net income (or minus the net loss) since the
business began. Owner's equity is viewed as a residual claim on the business assets
because liabilities have a higher claim. Owner's equity can also be viewed (along with
liabilities) as a source of the business assets.
In Philippine Peso
Cash Flow from Operating Activities:
Cash received from customers for rendering of services Note 1 41,000.00
Cash payment for payment of salaries & wages (9,000.00)
Cash payment for rentals (18,000.00)
Cash payment for advertising (2,500.00)
Cash payment for utilities (2,000.00)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activties 9,500.00
Statement of Cash Flows or Cash Flow Statement is one of the three key financial
statements that report the cash generated and spent during a specific period of time (e.g., a
month, quarter, or year). The statement of cash flows acts as a bridge between the income
statement and balance sheet by showing how money moved in and out of the business during
the period.
PRACTICE SHEET. (CLO 1, 2, and 4). From Practice Sheet in Module 2 and 3 of “Tel
Y Dress Shop”, prepare the following:
1. Worksheet in a 10-column columnar pad.
2. Closing entries to close the temporary accounts. The closing entries must be
recorded un the general journal used in Module 2 and 3.
3. Post-Closing Trial Balance. Use a 2-column columnar pad
4. Financial Statements in good form: (Use short size bond paper for each financial
statement stated below)
a. Income Statement,
b. Balance Sheet, and
c. Cash Flow Statement