Foreign Language Skills-I (French) BHM-501T

UNIT: 01
INTRODUCTION TO BASICS OF
FRENCH LANGUAGE
Structure:
1.1 Objectives
1.2 The Alphabet and Their Pronunciation
1.3 Les Accents (The Accents)
1.4 Pronoms Sujets (Subject Pronouns)
1.5 Change of Gender
1.6 Les Verbes (The Verbs)
1.7 Les Nombres (The Numbers): Cardinal – Ordinal
1.8 How to Tell Time in French?
1.9 Formules De Politesse (Basic Greetings)
1.10 Poids Et Mesures (Weights and Measures)
1.11 Glossary
1.12 Reference / Bibliography/Suggested Readings
1.13 Terminal Questions

1.1 Objective

After reading this unit you should be able to:

1. To learn the pronunciation and the accents in French.
2. To understand the Subject Pronouns and French verbs and their
conjugations.
3. To know about French numbers and time
4. To know common greetings and able to express weight and measures in
French.

1.2 The Alphabet and Their Pronunciation

The French Alphabet L'alphabet français

(Pronunciation)
A a A
B b Bé
C c Cé
D d Dé
E e E

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F f Ef
G g Jé
H h Ash
I i I
J j Ji
K k Ka
L l El
M m Emm
N n Enn
O o O
P p Pé
Q q Ky
R r Err
S s Es
T t Té
U u Eu
V v Vé
W w Double vé
X x Iks
Y y I-grek
Z z Zéd

VOWELS:( Les voyelles) - There are six Vowels in French Language –

a, e, i, o, u, y.
„h‟ is the vowel mute. ‗H‘ in not pronounced in French and normally silent. It is
usually followed by another vowel.
Example :hôtel (hotel) [ O-T-E]

CONSONANTS- There are nineteen consonants in French Language-

B, C ,D, F ,G ,J ,K, L, M, N, P,
Q ,R, S, T, V ,W ,X, Z.

 If French alphabet ‗C‘is followed by a,o,u ; it is pronounced as (KA,KU) .

 If French alphabet ‗C‘is followed by e,i,y, ; it is pronounced as (SI) .
Example: Commencer ( C -O-M-A-N-S-E)
 If French alphabet ‗G‘is followed by a,o,u ; it is pronounced as (GA, GU)
 If French alphabet ‗G‘is followed by e,i,y ; it is pronounced as (JE,JI) .
Example: Garçon ( G-A-R-S-O)( Here ‗C‘ is pronounced as ‗S‘ due to assent
La cédille ‗ç‘on ‗c‘.

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Silent letters: In French certain letters are not pronounced depending on their
position in the words:
 If a French word is ending with consonant and that consonant is preceded
by a vowel, then that consonant is not pronounced.
Example: Tabac (T-A-B-A) ; Assez( A-S-E)
 When masculine nouns and adjectives are converted to feminine by
adding an -e the preceding consonant will be sounded/pronounced.
Example: étudiant [E-T-U-D-I-A],---étudiante [E-T-U-D-I-A-T]
( Student)
Petit ( P-E-T-I), Petite ( P-E-T-I-T), (small)
 In French the word ‗ille‘ combinedly pronounced as ‗EE‘
Example:Mille (M-E-E)
 All the nouns in French language are either masculine or feminine. There
is no neutral gender. Normally a French noun ending with ‗e‘ is feminine.
This is not universally applicable. Some exceptions do exist. Two French
feminine nouns are given below:
Example: Actrice (actress); Maison (House)

ÉLISION(Elision): Usually when a word ends with a vowel and the next word begins
with vowel, then last vowel of first word is dropped (elided) and it is replaced by an
apostrophe.
Example: Le homme (the man) : e is dropped or elided = L‘homme
La heure (the hour ) : a is elided = L‘heure
Si il (if he) : I is elided = S‘il

LES SIGNES DE PUNCTUATION (PUNCTUATION MARKS)

Punctuation marks in the French language are used in a similar way of English
language, but the dash or ‗tiret‘ commonly serves to denote a change in the speaker in
a written dialogue…….
For example: -C‘est vous (It is you)
-rien (nothing).

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The following punctuation marks are used in dictation practice:
( . ) - le point (the full-stop)
(,) – la virgule (the comma)
(;) – le point et virgule (the semi-colon)
(:) – les deux points (the colon)
(?) – le point d‘interrogation (the question mark)
(-) – le trait d‘union (the hyphen)
( )– le tiret (the dash)
( ) – la parenthese (the brackets)

1.3 LES ACCENTS(THE ACCENTS) ou (or) LES SIGNES

ORTHOGRAPHIQUES (ORTHOGRAPHIC SIGNS)

L‟accentaigu: The aigu(acute) accent (é )points to the right and upward. It generally
put above the letter e and it changes the letter‘s pronunciation to ay
—for example,:Médecin ( doctor),(M-E-D-S-O); Marché ( market).
L‟accent grave: The grave accent (è)points to the left and upward. It can appear over
vowel- ‗a‘ ‗e‘ and ‗u‘, but it only alters pronunciation when over the letter e. ‗ è‘ with
grave accents is always pronounced ‗EHH‘, like the ‗e‘ in the English word set.
Examples:
 Très ( very); Deuxième ( in second place).
When grave accent is put on ‗a‘ and ‗u‘, thepronunciation does not change, but its
meaning is changed.
For example: ou in French means (or) and où means (where), Similarly ‗à‘ means (at
or to).
La cédille: In French, the cedilla is a little tail under the letter c: ‗ç‘. It is used to give
the ‗c‘ an ‗s‘ sound instead of a hard ‗ k‘ sound (when ‗C‘ is followed by ‗a‘ or ‗o‘ in
a word —for example:
 Garçon ( boy); Français ( the French language)
Le tréma: The tréma looks like two dots above a letter. It‘s usually placed above the
second of two consecutive vowels when both vowels are to be pronounced separately.
 Jamaïque ( Jamai- ca) ; Nöel ( Nö-EL)
Le circonflexe: The circonflexe looks like a little pointed hat over vowels. It doesn‘t
change pronunciation, but it must be included in written French.

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 Forêt ( forest); Hôtel ( hotel)
Le trait d‟union (-)-This hyphen, is used to connect words
Avez-vous?
A-t-elle?
L‟apostrophe (‟)-This sign indicates the omission of a vowel.
L‘heure instead of La heure
L‘ami instead of Le ami

1.4 PRONOMS SUJETS (SUBJECT PRONOUNS)

A sentence normally consists of subject and verb. Further object can be added to it.
Subject pronouns indicate who or what is performing the action of a verb. They act as
the subject of verbs. They may be singular or plural, masculine or feminine to agree
with the noun (subject) they replace.

In French different subject pronouns are determined by number and person.

 Number is divided into ―singular‖ (one) and ―plural‖ (more than one).
 Person includes ―first person‖ (the speaker), ―second person‖ (the
listener), and ―third person‖ (neither the speaker nor the listener).
Thus, with two numbers and three persons, there are a total of six grammatical
persons, each of which has at least one subject pronoun:
Sujet Pronom (Subject Pronoun)
Sujet Pronom Singulier (Singular) Pluriel (Plural)
(Subject Pronoun) English French English French
Première personne
I Je* We Nous
(1st person)
Deuxième personne
you Tu You Vous
(2nd person)
Troisième personne He/ It Il / Ce* They Ils
(3rd person)
She Elle They Elles

*‗Je‘ and ‗Ce‘ will be written as J‘ or C‘if it is followed by vowel.

Example :J‘ai , C‘est)

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Difference between French Subject „Tu‟ and „Vous‟: The distinction between ‗tu’
and ‗vous’ is observed on verb conjugations, adjectives, and pronouns.But more than
that, the choice of ‗tu’ or ‗vous’ is a matter of etiquette. It explains the relationship
between two people and how they interact, and using the wrong pronoun can have
negative consequences.In English, the second person subject pronoun is always
―you‖, but French has two words: ‗tu’ and ‗vous’. ‗Tu‘ is the informal ‗you‘, while
‗Vous‘ is the formal ‗you‘.‗Tu‟ is informal and always singular, while ‗vous‟ is
formal and can be used both singular and/or plural. If one is talking to more than one
person, it doesn't matter what ever relationship it may be formal or informal – vous is
always used. It is only while talking to a single person, the choice must be made
between ‗tu’ and ‗vous’. The informal, singular subject pronoun ‗tu’ indicates an
intimate, amicable, and/or equal relationship between two people, and as such it is
used with family, friends, lovers, colleagues, and classmates.‘Tu’ is also used when
talking to God, children, animals, and inanimate objects. Using ‗tu’ with someone
who doesn‘t fit any of these categories is likely to cause offense.

1.5 CHANGE OF GENDER

In general, we can make the feminine of the word by adding -e to the masculine
adjective.
Example- Petit-Petite (Small), Client-Cliente( Client)
2-If in an adjective, last word ends in an –e mute, then there is no change.
Example-Jeune-Jeune (Young). This word denotes both masculine and
feminine.
3- Doubling of the last consonants of the words.
Example- Gros-Grosse(Thick/Fat)
Bon-Bonne (Good)
Indien-Indienne (Indian)
Gentil-Gentille(Gentle )
4-Grave accent on the-e
Cher-chère( Dear)
5- Modification of the final consonants in last words.( F-Ve),(Eur-Euse),(C-
Che),(Eau-Elle)
Example-Actif-Active
Sportif-Sportive

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Vendeur-Vendeuse (Seller)
Blanc-Blanche (White)
Beau-Belle (Beautiful)
Nouveau-Nouvelle (New)

1.6 LES VERBES (THE VERBS)

Verbs are action words that express the action (He speaks/We play) or state of being (I
am student) of a sentence. They are one of the key parts of speech. French verbs have
to be ―conjugated‖ or ―inflected‖. They are changed according to different subjects in
different forms. There are six different conjugations for each verb for each tense and
mood according to two numbers and three persons.

The basic form of a verb in French is called the infinitive and it is also the name of the
verb. The English infinitive is ―to‖ followed by a verb, while the French infinitive is a
single word with one of three infinitive endings with: „er‟ , „ir‟ and „re‟.
The verbs in French ending with „er‟ are normally known as regular verbs and
followed similar pattern of conjugation with different subjects in simple present
tense as given below:
While conjugating with subject Je- „er‟ is replaced by „e‟;
While conjugating with subject Tu -„er‟ is replaced by „es‟;
While conjugating with subject Il or Elle or any third person singular subject -
„er‟ is replaced by „e‟;
While conjugating with subject Nous- „er‟ is replaced by „ons‟;
While conjugating with subject Vous -„er‟ is replaced by „ez‟;
While conjugating with subject Ils or Elles or any third person plural subject „er‟
is replaced by „ent‟
Some French verbs like ‗Aller‘ (to go) ends with -„er‟,but it is an irregular verb.
For irregular verbs there is no specific pattern/rule of conjugation. One has to
remember or practice these conjugations of verbs to apply in framing French
sentences.

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Example: Conjugation of regular French verb „Jouer‟(To play) in simple
présent(present) tense with different subjects:

Sujet Pronom Conjugation of regular French verb „Jouer‟(To play)

(Subject Pronoun)
Singulier (Singular) Pluriel (Plural)
English French English French
Première personne I Play Je Joue We Play Nous Jouons
(1st person)
Deuxième personne You Play Tu Joues You play Vous Jouez
(2nd person)
Troisième personne He Plays Il Joue They play Ils Jouent
(3rd person)
She plays Elle Joue They play Elles Jouent

Example : Conjugation of regular French verb „Aimer‟(To love) in

simpleprésent(present) tense with different subjects:

Sujet Pronom Conjugation of regular French verb „Aimer‟(To love)

(Subject Pronoun) Singulier (Singular) Pluriel (Plural)
English French English French
Première personne I Love J‘aime We Love Nousaimons
(1st person)
Deuxième You Love Tu aimes You Love Vous aimez
personne
(2nd person)
Troisième He Loves Il aime They Love Ils aiment
personne
(3rd person) She Loves Elle aime They Love Elles aiment

AUXILIARY VERB OR HELPING VERB IN FRENCH

In French, when constructing compound tenses, such as the passé compose (past
tense), we use auxiliary verbs, also known as helping verbs. In French, there are two
auxiliary verbs. They are être (eh-truh), which means 'to be,' and avoir (ah-vwar),
which means 'to have.'The verbs avoir and être are important verbs in the French

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language. we use them to construct the compound tenses. Avoir and être are also used
as main verbs in certain situations. They are categorized as irregular verb.
Usage as a Main Verb
 referring to possession
Example:Elle a une voiture.(She has a car)

 when talking about age

Example:J‘ai 25ans. (Iam 25 yearsold)

 with adjectives
Example:Tu es jeune. (You are Young)

 when identifying things/people (description, nationality, professions, …)

Example:Il est français.(He is French)
Il est professeur. (He is professor)

 for dates and times

Example: Il est 10heures. (It istenO‘clock ).
Usage as an Auxiliary Verb in the passé compose (past tense)
Elle est née .(Shewasborn)
J‘ai mangé. (I ate)
Example : Conjugation of Auxiliary verbs: être (to be)-in
simpleprésent(present) tense with different subjects:

Sujet Pronom Conjugation of Auxiliary verbs: être(to be)

(Subject Pronoun)
Singulier (Singular) Pluriel (Plural)
English French English French
Première personne I am Je suis We are Nous sommes
(1st person)
Deuxième You are Tu es You are Vous êtes
personne
(2nd person)
Troisième He is Il est They are Ils sont
personne
(3rd person) She is Elle est They are Elles sont

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Example: Conjugation of Auxiliary verbs: avoir(to have/has)-in
simpleprésent(present) tense with different subjects:

Sujet Pronom Conjugation of Auxiliary verbs: avoir (to have/has)

(Subject Pronoun) Singulier (Singular) Pluriel (Plural)
English French English French
Première personne I have J‘ai We have Nous avons
(1st person)
Deuxième personne You have Tu as You have Vous avez
(2nd person)
Troisième He has Il a They have Ils ont
personne
(3rd person) She has Elle a They have Elles ont

Difference between French subject: „Nous‟ and ‗On‟

In French, there are two subject pronouns to express ‗we‟:‗nous‟ and ‗on‟. ‗Nous‟ is
strictly "we," indicating a specific group of people about whom weare speaking.
‗On‟ is significantly less formal than nous, but can be used interchangeably in most
normal conversations. Subject ‗On‟ takes the conjugation of verb of 3rd
personsingular (He/Il).
Example: Nous sommes Indiens. (We are Indians)
On est Indiens. (We are Indians)

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS-1

1.Écrivez la prononciation des mots .(Write the pronunciation of the followings
words).

a) A
b) E
c) H
d) J
e) R
f) T
g) V
h) W
i) X
j) Y
k) Z

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2.Correspondez aux mots avec leursprononciations. (Match the words with their
pronunciations).

a. B Cé
b. C Bé
c. K I-grec
d. NO
e. O Enne
f. YKa

3.Complétez avec ‗Tu‘ ou ‗Vous‘.( Complete the sentence with ‗Tu‘ or ‗Vous‘.

A- ............... habitesà Delhi?

B- ............. es Anglais.
C- Je connais .......
D- ...........êtes chanteur.
E- ........... connaissez la France.

1.7. LES NOMBRES(THE NUMBERS): CARDINAL –

ORDINAL
A Cardinal Number is a number that says how many of something there are, such as
one, two, three, four, five etc. An Ordinal Number is a number that tells the position
of something in a list, such as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th etc. Most ordinal numbers end
in "th" except for: one ⇒ first (1st) in English. But in French it normally ends with
‗ième‘ as listed below.

The Numbers (Counting from 0 (Zéro) to 100 (Cent) in French

0 Zéro
1 Un
2 Deux
3 Trois
4 Quatre
5 Cinq
6 Six
7 Sept
8 Huit
9 Neuf
10 Dix
11 Onze
12 Douze
13 Treize
14 Quatorze
15 Quinze

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16 Seize
17 Dix-sept
18 Dix-huit
19 Dix-neuf
20 Vingt
21 Vingtet un
22 Vingt- deux
23 Vingt- trois
24 Vingt- quatre
25 Vingt- cinq
26 Vingt -six
27 Vingt -sept
28 Vingt -huit
29 Vingt -neuf
30 Trente
31 Trenteetun
32 Trente- deux
33 Trente- trois
34 Trente- quatre
35 Trente- cinq
36 Trente- six
37 Trente- sept
38 Trente- huit
39 Trente- neuf
40 Quarante
41 Quaranteet un
42 Quarante- deux
43 Quarante- trois
44 Quarante- quatre
45 Quarante- cinq
46 Quarante- six
47 Quarante- sept
48 Quarante- huit
49 Quarante- neuf
50 Cinquante
51 Cinquanteetun
52 Cinquante- deux
53 Cinquante- trois
54 Cinquante- quatre
55 Cinquante- cinq
56 Cinquante- six
57 Cinquante- sept
58 Cinquante- huit
59 Cinquante- neuf
60 Soixante
61 Soixante et un
62 Soixante- deux
63 Soixante- trois

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64 Soixante- quatre
65 Soixante- cinq
66 Soixante- six
67 Soixante- sept
68 Soixante- huit
69 Soixante -neuf
70 Soixante -dix
71 Soixanteetonze
72 Soixante- douze
73 Soixante -treize
74 Soixante –quatorze
75 Soixante –quinze
76 Soixante –seize
77 Soixante-dix-sept
78 Soixante-dix-huit
79 Soixante-dix-neuf
80 Quatre-vingts
81 Quatre-vingt-un
82 Quatre-vingt-deux
83 Quatre-vingt-trois
84 Quatre-vingt-quatre
85 Quatre-vingt-cinq
86 Quatre-vingt-six
87 Quatre-vingt-sept
88 Quatre-vingt-huit
89 Quatre-vingt-neuf
90 Quatre-vingt-dix
91 Quatre-vingt-onze
92 Quatre-vingt-douze
93 Quatre-vingt-treize
94 Quatre-vingt-quatorze
95 Quatre-vingt-quinze
96 Quatre-vingt-seize
97 Quatre-vingt-dix-sept
98 Quatre-vingt-dix-huit
99 Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf
100 Cent

200= Deux Cents,300=Trois Cents ……..

1000= Mille , 1,000,000= Un million.
Ordinal Number in French

First Premier/ière
Second Deuxième
Third Troisième
Fourth Quatrième

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Fifth Cinquième
Sixth Sixième
Seventh Septième
Eighth Huitième
Ninth Neuvième
Tenth Dixième
Eleventh Onzième
Twelfth Douzième
Thirteenth Treizième
Fourteenth Quatorzième
Fifteenth Quinzième
Sixteenth Seizième
Seventeenth Dix-septième
Eighteenth Dix-huitième
Nineteenth Dix-neuvième
Twentieth Vingtième

1.8 HOW TO TELL TIME IN FRENCH

Telling time in French is not very difficult, but it requires a little bit more thought
than telling time in English. By Knowing French numbers from 1-59, one can
tell time in terms of hours and minutes in French.
 15, 30, 45: quinze, trente, quarante-cinq.

By Using French statement "Quelle heure est-il? " means "What time is
it?"one can ask for the time in French.

The answer will be "Il est______ heure," to tell the hour.

For example, two o'clock is "deux heures, and five o'clock is "cinq heures.
 02.00-- Il est deux heures
 03.00-- Il est trios heures
 11.00-- Il est onze heures
 16.00-- Il est seize heures

Add minutes after "heure." In French, the literal translation of 3:15 is "three
hours fifteen." Thus, to say 3:15 in French one would say, "il est trios heures
quinze." or "Il est trios heures et quart."
4:27 -- Il est quatre heures vingt-sept.
10:12 -- Il est dix heures douze.

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19:30 -- Il est dix-neuf heures trente. (dix-neuf heures et demie)
12.00--Il est douze heures. (Il est midi)
00.00- Il est minuit. (Il est zéro heure.)

Shortand popular terms for common times. Half-hours or 30 minutes

("demie") and quarter hours or 15 minutesis denoted by words ("demie") and
("quart"), after "heure" along with "et" (the French word for "and"). Thus,one
can say 4:15O‘clock in French as, "il est quatre heures et quart."

Il est quatre heures et quart.

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Il est deux heures et demie. ( Il est deux heures trente)

8.15-- Il est huit heures et quart. (Il est huit heures quinze)
8.30--Il est huit heures et demie. (Il est huit heures trente)
20.15--Il est vingt heures et quart. (Il est vingt heures quinze)
20.30--Il est vingt heures et demie. (Il est vingt heures trente)

Useof “moins" to denote the minutes until an hour. In English, we might say
6:45 as, "it is quarter-to seven," or 12:50 as, "10 'ten minuit less one." The French
do the same thing using the word "moins," which means "minus" in English. So,
to say 6:45, we might say, "Il est sept heures moins le quart.

7.45-- Il est huit heures moins le quart. (Il est sept heures quarante cinq.)
10.45--Il est onze heures moins le quart. (Il est dix heures quarante cinq.)
06.55--Il est sept heures moins cinq. (Il est six heures Cinquante cinq.)

Les Moments De La Journée (Moments of the Day)

Matin-Morning; Midi -Noon Aprés-midi- Afternoon
Soir- Evening Minuit-Midnight

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1.9 FORMULES DE POLITESSE (BASIC GREETINGS)

Some of the basic greetings in French are listed below in box:

In French In English
Some Common Greetings
Salut Hi!
À plus tard See you later.
Bonjour! Good morning!
Bonsoir! Good evening!
Bonne nuit! Good night
S'il vous plaît Please (formal version)
S'il te plaît Please (informal version)
Comment ça va?Ou Ça va? How is it going? or How do you do?
Comment allez vous? How is it going? or How do you do?
Pardon! Excuse me!, sorry!
Enchanté or Enchantée Nice to meet you.
Très heureux! Pleasure!
Introducing yourself in French
Je m'appelle... I call myself..., or my name is...
Comment vous appelez- How do you call yourself? Or
vous? What is your name? (formal)
Comment tu t'appelles? How do you call yourself? Or
What is your name? (informal)
Expression of politeness in French
Merci! Thank you!
De rien Not at all! no problem!
Je vous en prie You are welcome (formal)
Excusez-moi! Excuse me.
Je suis désolé I am sorry.
Pardon! Excuse me! sorry!
Vous permettez? Do you mind?
Après vous! After you!
Saying goodbye in French
Au revoir! Bye!
À plus tard! See you later!
À tout à l'heure See you soon!, see you in a while!
À bientôt! See you soon!
À demain! See you tomorrow!
À tout de suite! See you in a second, See you in a little
while!
Bonne journée! Have a good day!
Bon courage! Good luck!
Bonne chance! Good luck!
Bonne route! Have a good journey! safe Journey!

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Bonne vacance! Have a nice holiday!
Bon voyage! Have a nice trip/Journey!
Bon appétit! Have a good appetite!
Santé! Cheers!
Oui Yes
Non No
Un peu A little
Bon Well
Bien sûr Sure
D‘accord Agree
À propos By the way
Seasonal greetings
Joyeux noël! Merry Christmas!
Joyeux noëlà vous! Merry Christmas to you !
Bonne année! Happy New Year!
"Joyeuses fêtes!" "Season's Greetings!"
Bonnes Pâques! Happy Easter!
Bon anniversaire! Happy Birthday! or Happy
anniversary!
Joyeux anniversaire! Happy Birthday!

Asking and answering some common questions in French

In French In English
Très bien, merci. Fine, thanks.
Ça va .Et vous? I am fine and what about you?
Je vais bien, merci. I am fine, thanks .
Assez bien. ok
Ça va . Et toi? I am fine and what about you?
Pas de probléme No problem. It is Okay.Do not worry.

Common words/statements
Où est la école? Where is the school?
Voila. There is.
Voici. Here is.
Qu‘est-ce que c‘est? What is this?
Je t‘aime. I love you.
Je ne sais pas. I do not know.
Parlez vous français? Do you speak French?
Non. No
Je ne comprands pas. I do not understand

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1.10 POIDS ET MESURES (WEIGHTS AND MEASURES)

English French
Gram Gramme
Kilogram Kilogramme
100kg Quintal
Miligram Milligramme
Ton Tonne
Kilometer Kilomètre
Meter Mètre
Decimeter Décimètre
Centimeter Centimètre
Milimeter Millimètre
Liter Litre
Gallan Hectolitre
Deciliter Décilitre
Centiliter Centilitre
Cubic feet Stère
Half kilo Demi kilo
Weight Poids
Size Taille
Kilometer square Kilomètrescarrè
Centimeter square Centimètrecarrè
Metre square Mètrecarrè
Centimeter cube Centimètre cube
Metre cube Mètre cube
To weight Peser
To calculate Calculer
To count Compter
To share Partager
A little Un peu
Few Peu de
Several Plusieurs
Enough Assez de
Half La moitié
Too much Trop de
A quarter Un quart
A third Un tiers
Numerous Nombreux
Innumerable Innombrable
Most La plupart
Less Moins de
More Plus
The whole Toute le
A lot Beaucoup

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CHECK YOU PROGRESS – II

1.Les mots cachés. Retrouvez les noms de nombres. (Hidden words. Find the names
of numbers.)
D Q U A T R E D
I O N Z E S T E
X K C R Z E R U
H U I T É I E X
S N N R R Z N N
E E Q O O E T M
P U L I Z Y E L
T F Y S I X A B

2.Écrivez la prononciationdu Nombres.(Write the pronunciation of the followings

Numbers.)
a. 0
b. 6
c. 19
d. 20
e. 30
f. 60
g. 69
h. 80
i. 85
j. 90
k. 100

3.Tranduisez en français. (Translate in to French)

A. It is 10.30 hrs.
B. It is 12.00 hrs.
C. It is 01.15 hrs.
D. It is 03.45 hrs.
E. It is 06.50hrs.
F. It is 23.00 hrs.
G. It is 24.00 hrs.
H. It is 07.10 hrs.

4.Tranduisez en français. (Translate in to French)

a) How are you?
b) Excuse me
c) I am sorry.
d) How do you call yourself? (formal)
e) Happy to meet you!
f) Have a good day!
g) Happy Birthday!
h) Happy New Year!

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1.11 GLOSSARY

PRONOMS SUJETS (SUBJECT PRONOUNS): Subject pronouns indicate who or

what is performing the action of a verb. They act as the subject of verbs. They may be
singular or plural, masculine or feminine to agree with the noun (subject) they
replace.In French different subject pronouns are determined by number and
person.Number is divided into ―singular‖ (one) and ―plural‖ (more than one).Person
includes ―first person‖ (the speaker), ―second person‖ (the listener), and ―third
person‖ (neither the speaker nor the listener).

LES VERBES (THE VERBS) :Verbs are action words that express the action or
state of being of a sentence. They are one of the key parts of speech. French verbs
have to be ―conjugated‖ or ―inflected‖. They are changed according to different
subjects in different forms. There are six different conjugations for each verb for each
tense and mood according to two numbers and three persons.The basic form of a verb
in French is called the infinitive and it is also the name of the verb.

LES NOMBRES(THE NUMBERS)-CARDINAL:A Cardinal Number is

a number that says how many of something there are, such as one, two, three, four,
five etc.

LES NOMBRES(THE NUMBERS): CARDINAL – ORDINAL:An Ordinal

Number is a number that tells the position of something in a list, such as 1st, 2nd,
3rd, 4th, 5th etc. Most ordinal numbers end in "th" except for: one ⇒ first (1st) in
English. But in French it normally ends with ‗ième‘ as listed below.

1.12 REFERENCE / BIBLIOGRAPHY/SUGGESTED

READINGS
 Batchelor ,R.E and Offord, M.H., Using French, Press Syndicate of
Cambridge: The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge .
 Bhattacharya, S.,(2005), French for Hotel Management & Tourism Industry,
Frank Bros. & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., New Delhi

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 Catherine Lobo &SonaliJadhav ,, Basic French Course for The Hotel Industry
 François Makowski,(2000), French made easy, Goyal Publishers (P) Ltd.
Delhi.
 Jenny Ollerenshaw and Stephanie Rybak (2003), Breakthrough French 3,
Palgrave MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.
 Larousse (2011),A Complete French Grammar.
 Larousse Compact Dictionary: French-English/ English-French.
 Mauger,G., and Bruézière(1980), Le français et la vie,The French Book
Centre,New Delhi.
 Mauger,G.,Cours de Langue et de Civilisation Françaises,Hachette,paris
 Philippe Dominique, MichéleVerdelhan and Michel Verdelhan(1982) ,Sans
Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 & Part 2 ,CLE
INTERNATIONAL,Paris and f b c,,New Delhi.
 Philippe Dominique, Jacky Girardet, MichéleVerdelhan and Michel
Verdelhan(1999) ,Le Nouveau Sans Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 &
Part 2 ,CLE INTERNATIONAL,Paris and GOYL SaaB,Delhi.
 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 1, Palgrave
MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.
 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 2, Palgrave
MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.
 Talukdar,A.,(2006), Parlez a’ I’ hotel!, Aman Publications , Delhi.
Websites:
https://www.lawlessfrench.com/grammar/)
https://www.frenchconjugation.com/verbs/
https://www.frenchtoday.com
https://frenchtogether.com/french-adjectives/

1.13 TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. Explain different accents of French.
2.Explain the PronomsSujets (Subject Pronouns) in French.Also explain the
difference between ‘Vous’ and ‘Tu’ and ‘Nous’ and ‘On’.
3. Explain Auxiliary Verb or Helping Verb in French.
4.Write down some Common Greetings in French.

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UNIT: 02
CONJUGATION OF FIRST
GROUP OF VERBS
STRUCTURE:
2.1 Objectives
2.2 Conjugation of First Group of Verbs
2.3 Les Articles Definis Et Indéfinis (The Definite and Indefinite Articles)
2.4 Self Introduction and Introducing Others
2.5 Days of The Week; Months of The Year and Date
2.6 Nom Des Légumes En Français (Name of Vegetables in French)
2.7 Nom Des Fruitsen Français (Name of The Fruits In French)
2.8 Glossary
2.9 Answer To Check Your Progress
2.10 Reference / Bibliography/Suggested Readings
2.11 Terminal Questions

2.1. OBJECTIVE:
After reading this unit you should be able to:
 To learn the conjugations of first group of verbs in French.
 To understand the definite and indefinite articles.
 To know about Days of the week; Months of the year and Date in French
 To know how to present and introduce self and another person.

2.2 CONJUGATION OF FIRST GROUP OF VERBS

As discussed in Unit-1, there are two types of a verb in French-Regular and Irregular
verbs. Verbs are grouped into three types ending with -er, -ir and -re.

The verbs in French ending with „er‟ (except aller),. are normally known as
regular first group of verbs and followed similar pattern of conjugation with
different subjects in simple present tense as given below:
While conjugating with subject Je- „er‟ is replaced by „e‟;
While conjugating with subject Tu -„er‟ is replaced by „es‟;

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While conjugating with subject Il or Elle or any third person singular subject -
„er‟ is replaced by „e‟;
While conjugating with subject Nous- „er‟ is replaced by „ons‟;
While conjugating with subject Vous -„er‟ is replaced by „ez‟;
While conjugating with subject Ils or Elles or any third person plural subject „er‟
is replaced by „ent‟.
In order to conjugate a regular -er verb, in simple present tense the -er of the
infinitive is omitted to get the stem. Then the six present tense endings specific to
-er verbs: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent, according to the subject is added.

Some Common French Regular Verbs ending with -ER

Here is the list of some common regular verbs ending with -er. They all have the same
conjugation patterns as discussed above.
1) Accepter – to accept 20) Désirer-To desire
2) Adorer- to adore 21) Danser - to dance
3) Aimer-To Love 22) Déjeuner-To take lunch
4) Annuler – to cancel 23) Dîner - To take Dinner
5) Apporter – to bring 24) Demander - to ask for
6) Arriver - to arrive 25) Dépenser - to spend
7) Attraper – to catch (money)
8) Arretêr-to stop,/to turn off 26) Détester - to hate
9) Acheter-To purchase 27) Donner - to give
10) Bavarder – to chat 28) Écouter - to listen to
11) Casser – to break 29) Emprunter – to borrow
12) Commander – to order 30) Enlever – to remove
13) Couper – to cut 31) Exprimer – to express
14) Chanter - to sing 32) Embrasser-To embrace
15) Changer-to change 33) Étudier - to study
16) Chercher - to look for/to 34) Fermer - to close
search 35) Fumer-To smoke
17) Commencer - to begin 36) Gagner – to win, to earn
18) Côuter – To cost 37) Garder – to keep
19) Dessiner – to draw 38) Goûter - to taste

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39) Habiter – to live
40) Jouer - to play
41) Laver - to wash
42) Manger - to eat
43) Marcher-to walk
44) Nager - to swim
45) Parler - to talk, to speak
46) Payer/Paier-to pay
47) Peser-to weigh
48) Passer - to pass, spend
(time)
49) Porter - to wear, to carry
50) Préférer- to prefer
51) Présenter-to present
52) Prêter – to lend
53) Oublier – to forget
54) Ranger-To arrange
55) Rencontrer – to meet by
chance
56) Refuser – to refuse
57) Regarder-to watch
58) Rester – to stay, to remain
59) Rêver - to dream
60) Saluer – To Greet
61) Sauter – to jump
62) Skier - to ski
63) Téléphoner – to telephone
64) Tomber – to fall
65) Travailler - to work
66) Trouver - to find
67) Utiliser – To Use
68) Visiter – to visit a place
69) Voler - to fly, to steal

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i)Conjugation of regular French verb „Écouter-To hear‟ in simple

présent(present) tensewith different subjects:

Sujet Pronom Conjugation of regular French verb „Écouter-To hear/listen‟

(Subject
Pronoun) Singulier (Singular) Pluriel (Plural)
English French English French
Première I hear/listen J‘écoute We hear/listen Nous écoutons
personne
(1st person)
Deuxième You hear/listen Tu écoutes You hear/listen Vous écoutez
personne
(2nd person)
Troisième He hears/listens Il écoute They Ilsécoutent
personne hear/listen
(3rd person) She Elle écoute They Elles écoutent
hears/listens hear/listen

ii)Conjugation of verb „Parler‟–„To speak‟ in present tense

Je parle- I speak
Tu parles- You speak
Il/Elle parle- He speaks/She speaks
On Parle- We speak
Nous parlons- We speak
Vous parlez- You speak
Ils/Elles parlent- They speak
iii)Conjugation of verb „Chanter‟–„To sing‟in present tense
Je chante – I sing
Tu chantes -You sing
Il/Elle chante -He/She sings
On chante - We sing
Nous chantons- We sing
Vous chantez- You sing
Ils/Elles chantant-They sing
iv)Conjugation of verb „Manger‟–„Toeat‟ in present tense

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Je mange -I eat
Tu manges - We eat
Il/Elle mange -He/She eats
On mange -We eat
Nous mangeons* -We eat
Vous mangez -You eat
Ils/Elles mangent -They eat

*Note- In the conjugation with subject Nous, ‗er‘ is replaced by ‗eons‘ instead
of ‗ons‘ for maintaining the pronunciation (J-O) instead of (G-O),as the
original pronunciation of infinitive form of verb is (M-A-N-J-E)

v)Conjugation of verb „Travailler’ -‘ to work‟in present tense

Je travaille -I work
Tu travailles -You work
Il/Elle travaille -He/She works
On Travaille -We work
Nous travaillons -We work
Vous travaillez -You work
Ils/Elles travaillent -They work

vi)Conjugation of verb „Commencer’ –„ to begin‟ in present tense

Je commence -I start/commence
Tu commences -You start/commence
Il/Elle commence -He/She starts/commences
On commence -We start/commence
Nous commençons* -We start/commence
Vous commencez -You start/commence
Ils/Elles commencent -They start/commence

*Note- In the conjugation with subject Nous,cédilleunder the letter c -i.e.( ç).
is used to give the ‗c‘ an ‗s‘ sound instead of ‗ k‘ sound for maintaining the

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pronunciation (S-O) instead of (K-O),as the original pronunciation of infinitive
form of verb is (C-O-M-O-N-C-E)

vii)Conjugation of verb „Donner ’ –„ to give‟ in present tense

Je donne -I give
Tu donnes -You give
Il/Elle donne -He/She gives
On donne -We give
Nous donnons -We give
Vous donnez -You give
Ils/Elles donnent -They give

viii)Conjugation of verb „acheter ’ –„ to purchase‟ in present tense

J‘achète -I purchase
Tu achètes -You purchase
Il/Elle achète -He/She purchases
On achète -We purchase
Nous achetons -We purchase
Vous achetez -You purchase
Ils/Elles achètent -They purchase

ix)Conjugation of verb ‗Préférer ’ –‗ to prefer‟ in present tense

Je Préfère -I prefer
Tu Préfères -You prefer
Il/Elle Préfère -He/She prefers
On Préfère -We prefer
Nous Préférons -We prefer
Vous Préférez -You prefer
Ils/Elles Préfèrent -They prefer

FRENCH PRONOMINAL/REFLEXIVE VERB

―Pronominal‖ is an adjective and, it means with pronoun. Pronominal verbs have a

special pronoun before theverb: ―me, te, se, nous, vous, se‖ (in addition to the subject

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pronoun ―je, tu, il, elle, on, nous, vous, ils, elles‖) .―Reflexive verb‖ is also an
alternative name for ―pronominal verbs‖.―Reflexive‖ is an adjective which means
―reflecting‖. It tells about the action on one self which means the action is carried out
on the person who is doing the action.
Reflexive verbs are always conjugated with the reflexive pronoun that agrees with
the subject:me(myself), te(yourself), se (himself, herself, itself), nous (ourselves) and
and vous (yourself, yourselves). These pronouns generally precede the base verb.
Example: ―Raser‖ (base verb) – to shave another person (someone else, not yourself)
―se raser‖ (corresponding pronominal verb) – to shave one self
―Appeler‖ (base verb) – to call another person (someone else, not yourself)
―S‘appeler‖ (corresponding pronominal verb) – to call one self
I call myself.

i)Conjugation of pronominal verb„se raser’ – „to shave oneself‟ in present tense

Je me rase -I shave myself
Tu te rases -You shave yourself
Il/ Elle serase -He/She shaves himself/herself
On se rase -We shave ourselves
Nous nousrasons - We shave ourselves
Vous vousrasez, - You shave yourself
Ils/Elles se rasent -They shave themselves.

ii )Conjugation of verb„S‟appeler’ –„ to call oneself‟ in present tense

Je m‘appelle -I call myself
Tu t'appelles -You call yourself
Il/ Elle s'appelle -He/She calls himself/herself
On s'appelle -We call ourselves
Nous nousappelons - We call ourselves
Vous vousappelez - You call yourself
Ils/Elles s'appellent -They call themselves.

―Reciprocal Verbs‖are subcategory of Pronominal/Reflexive verbs. The verb uses

a reflexive pronoun to show the action is reciprocal. It means ―done by both sides to
each other‖ or ―felt by both sides about each other‖.

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For example: They love each other
We wake each other up at 8AM

List of French Reciprocal Verbs

1. to adore each other = s‘adorer

2. to love each other = s‘aimer
3. to call each other = s‘appeler
4. to fight each other = se battre
5. to understand each other = se comprendre
6. to know each other = se connaî tre
7. to hate each other = se détester
8. to tell (things to) each other = se dire
9. to argue with each other = se disputer
10. to write to each other = s‘écrire
11. to kiss each other = s‘embrasser
12. to talk to each other = se parler
13. to leave each other = se quitter
14. to look at each other = se regarder
15. to meet each other = se rencontrer
16. to find each other = se retrouver
17. to smile at each other = se sourire
18. to see each other = se voir
19. to call each other = se téléphoner

2.3 LES ARTICLES DEFINIS ET INDÉFINIS (THE

DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES)

One of the eight parts of speech, an article is a word that modifies a noun in a
particular way, by stating whether the noun is specific, unspecific, or partial. These
French articles are:le, la, les, l‘, au, à la, à l‘, aux un, une, des, du, de la and de l‘.
French articles agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify, and they are
of three types:
A )Les Articles Définis (The definite articles)

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The definite article indicates that the speaker is referring to either a
particular/specific noun or to a class of nouns in a general sense.
Characteristics of definite articles
1. Used with countable and uncountable nouns
2. Placed directly in front of a noun or an adjective + noun
3. Agree with the noun in number and sometimes gender
4. Contract with certain prepositions

The English definite article, the, has four equivalent forms in French, depending on
the gender and number of the noun as well as what letter it begins with.
There are three singular articles:
1. Masculine: le (The)
2. Feminine: la (The)
3. Contracted (in front of vowel or mute ‗h‘ both for masculine or feminine):
l‘(The)
There is only one plural definite article: les
Le is used before a masculine singular noun beginning with a consonant. Example-
 Le stylo- The Pen
 Le cahier- The Notebook
 Le garçon-The boy
La is used before a feminine singular noun beginning with a consonant. Example-
 La cravate -The Tie
 La femme –The Lady
 La dame-The Lady

L‟ is used before a masculine or a feminine noun beginning with a French vowel. Ex-
 L‘homme- The Man
 L‘université-The University
 L‘école- The School
 L'ami- The Friend
Les is used before a masculine or a feminine noun which is the plural. Ex-
 Les école- School
 Les femmes- Ladies

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 Les hommes – Men
 Les garçons-Boys
 Les filles-Girls

Singulier (Singular) Pluriel (Plural)

Masculin (Masculine) le le livre the book les livres the books

Féminin(Feminine) la la maison the house les maisons the houses

Avant( before)Vowel l‘ l‘actrice the actress les les actrices the actresses
or h mute l‘ l‘hôtel the hotel les hôtels the hotels

When preceded by the prepositions ‗à‘ the definite articles le,la,l‘ and les become
-Au ( à+le)- Je parle bonjour au musicien( I say good morning to the musician)
-à la (to the)- Je parle bonjour à la musicienne (I say good morning to the lady
musician)
-à l‘, (to the)- Je parle bonjour à l‘étudiant( I say good morning to the student)
-aux(to the)-Je parle bonjour aux musiciens( I say good morning to the musicians)
Je parle bonjour aux étudiants ( I say good morning to the students)
B ) Les Articles Indéfinis (The Indefinite articles)
The indefinite article indicates that the speaker is referring to either an unspecific
noun or to one/ something. The English indefinite article has two forms, (a and an),
while the French has three, depending on the gender and number of the noun. They
are : Un, Une and Des. Un is used before masculine singular noun.
Examples-
 Un livre- A book
 Un Garçon- A boy
Une is used before a feminine singular noun.
Examples-
 Une femme- A lady
 Une table- A table
Des is used before amasculine&feminine plural noun.
Examples-

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 Des enfants- Some children
 Des chaises -Some chairs
 Des Garçon- Some boys
The English equivalent of des is some, which is not considered an article in English.

Singulier (Singular) Pluriel

(Plural)
Masculin un un an des livres some
(Masculine) abricot apricot books
Féminin une une a table des tables some
(Feminine) table tables

C)L‟articlePartitif (des, du, de la and de l‟)

The partitive article indicates that the speaker is referring to only a portion or some of
an uncountable noun, often food or drink. There are four forms in French, depending
on the gender and number of the noun as well as what letter it begins with.

Singulier (Singular) Pluriel (Plural)

Masculin du Du some des des asperges some

(Masculine) beurre butter asparagus
Féminin de la de la tarte some pie des épinards some
( Feminine) spinach
Avant( before de l‘ de some des pâtes some
)Vowel or h l‘argent money pasta
mute
CHECK YOU PROGRESS – I
1- Écrivez la conjugaison de verbessuivants au Present. (Write the conjugation of
following verbs in present tense.)
i. `Arriver
ii. Chanter
iii. Chercher
iv. Commencer
v. Danser
vi. Demander
vii. Dépenser
viii. Détester
ix. Donner
x. Écouter
xi. Étudier
xii. Se Laver

2-Choisissez (choose)-Le, la, l‘and les

i. .......................place
ii. .........................avenue

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iii. .........................chanteur
iv. ...........................ami
v. .........................nom
vi. .........................prénom
vii. ........................secrétaire
viii. .......................musicien
ix. ........................livre
x. ........................chaise

3-Choisissez (choose)-Un, Une and Des

i. ................enfants
ii. ..............Maison
iii. ............chose
iv. ............cravate
v. ...........porte
vi. ...........amie
vii. ..........table
viii. ..........appartment
ix. ..........chaises
x. ..........garçons

2.4 SELF INTRODUCTION-

la description physique (Physical description)

la description physique (Physical description)

Adjectifs (Adjectives) Opposite Adjectifs (Adjectives)
Singulier Pluriel Singulier(Singular) Pluriel
(Singular) (Plural) (Plural)
Masculine Grand (Tall) Grands Petit (Short) Petits
Feminine Grande (Tall) Grandes Petite (Tall) Petites
Masculine Jeune Jeunes Vieux (old) Vieux
(Young)
Feminine Jeune (Tall) Jeunes Vieille (old) Vieilles
Masculine Gros (Fat) Gros Mince (Thin) Minces
Feminine Grosse (Fat) Grosses Mince (Thin) Minces
Masculine Brun(brown) Bruns
Feminine Brune(brown) brunes
Masculine Blond (Fair) Blonds
Feminine Blonde (Fair) Blondes
Masculine Roux (Red) Roux

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Feminine Rousse (Red) Rousses

la description psychologique (Psychological description)

la description psychologique (Psychological description)

Adjectifs (Adjectives) Opposite Adjectifs (Adjectives)
Singulier Pluriel (Plural) Singulier(Singular) Pluriel
(Singular) (Plural)
Masculine Gai/Souriant Gais/Souriants Triste (sad, Tristes
(Happy/ mournful)
Cheerful/
smiling)
Feminine Gaie/Souriante Gaies/Souriantes Triste (sad, Tristes
(Happy/ mournful)
Cheerful/
smiling)
Masculine Sympathique Sympathiques Antipathique Antipathiques
(sympathetic) (Unpleasant/
Unsympathetic)
Feminine Sympathique Sympathiques Antipathique Antipathiques
(sympathetic) (Unpleasant/
Unsympathetic)
Masculine Content Contents Mécontent Mécontents
(Satisfied/ (unhappy
Happy) discontented)

Feminine Contente Contentes Mécontente Mécontentes

(Satisfied/ (unhappy
Happy) discontented)

Masculine Gentil(kind, Gentils Méchant Méchants

courteous) (Unkind/ bad/
wicked.)

Feminine Gentille(kind, Gentilles Méchante Méchantes

courteous)

Épeler- To spell
Nom-Surname
Prénom- Name
Example -Maurya Abhishek
Nom-Maurya
Prénom-Abhishek
J‘éppelle Maurya - M, A,U,R,Y,A

i )Self Introduction:-

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1)French -Je m'appelle Utkarsh Verma.
English –I call myself UtkarshVerma (My name is Utkarsh Verma).

2) French -Je suis né à Varanasi.

English -Iwas born in Varanasi.

3) French -J'habite à Varanasi.

English -I live in Varanasi.

4) French -J'ai 18 ans.

English -I am 18 years old

5) French -Je suis étudiant .

English -I am student.

6 )French -Je suis Indien.

English -I am Indian.

7) French -J'aime écouter la musique.

English -I like to listen music.

8) French -Je préfère le cinema.

English -I prefer cinema.

9 )French -J‘aime beaucoup le voyager.

English -I love very much traveling.

10) French-Je déteste l‘Opera.

English-I hate Opera.

11)French-J‘adore la montagne.
English-I love the mountain.
12) French-Je n‘aime pas du tout la discothéque.

English-I do not like the discothequeat all.

13) French - Je suis grand,jeune,gros et souriant garçon.

English - I am tall,young,fat and happy boy.

ii )Introduction ofsome other person:

1)French - Ils'appelle Manohar Das.
English –He call himself Manohar Das. (His name is Manohar Das).
2)French -Il est né à Lucknow.
English –He was born in Lucknow.
3)French –Il habite àAyodhya.

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English -He lives inAyodhya.
4)French –Il a 50 ans.
English –He is 50 years old.
5)French –Il estprofesseur.
English –He isprofessor.
6)French -Ilest Indien.
English -He is Indian.
7)French –Il aime écouter de la musique.
English - He likes to listen to music.
8)French - Il préfère lethéàtre.
English –He prefers the theatre.
9)French –Il aime beaucoup le voyager.
English –He likes very much travelling.
10)French - Il déteste l‘opera.
English –He hates the opera.
11)French –Il adore la campagne.
English - He loves the countryside.
12)French –Il n‘aime pas du tout la discothéque.
English - He does not like the discothéque.
12)French – Il est petit, vieux, mince et sympathique homme.
English - He is small,old,thin and sympathetic man.

2.5 DAYS OF THE WEEK; MONTHS OF THE YEAR AND DATE

Les Jours de la Semaine (Days of the week)

 Lundi-Monday.
 Mardi- Tuesday.
 Mercredi- Wednesday.
 Jeudi- Thursday.
 Vendredi- Friday.
 Samedi- Saturday.
 Dimanche- Sunday.

Les Mois de l‟année (Months of the Year )

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 Janvier = January
 Février = February
 Mars = March
 Avril = April
 Mai = May
 Juin = June
 Juillet = July
 Août = August
 Septembre = September
 Octobre = October
 Novembre = November
 Décembre = December

Dates in French
Quelle est la date aujourd’hui? - What is the date today?
The above sentence or statement is normally used to ask someone the date in French .
The common way to answer the above questionis :
C‘est + le + number + month
For example: C‘est le quatorze Juillet.(It is 14th July . )
This construction holds true for all of the days of the month exceptfor the first day .
To say the first day of the month the word ―premier‖ which means first is used .
For example: ―C‘est le premier Janvier―.-―It‘s 1stJanuary.‖

2.6 NOM DES LÉGUMES EN FRANÇAIS (NAME OF VEGETABLES IN FRENCH)

Nom des légumes en français (Name of Vegetables in French)

En anglais
En français En anglais En français En anglais En français
(In
(In French) (In English) (In French) (In English) (In French)
English)
le haricot French/green
la fève broad bean le petit pois garden pea
vert bean
la germe de
le maïs Corn bean sprout le bambou Bamboo
soja
l‘okra Okra l‘endive Chicory le fenouil Fennel
les cœurs de
palm hearts la roquette rocket le cresson Watercress
palmier
le céleri Celery le chou de brussel sprout la bette swiss chard

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Bruxelles

le radicchio Radicchio le chou frisé Kale l‘oseille Sorrel

le chou
la chicorée Endive pak-choi les épinards Spinach
chinois
le pissenlit Dandelion le chou Cabbage le brocoli Broccoli
le chou spring
la laitue Lettuce le chou-fleur Cauliflower
précoce greengs
l‘artichaut artichoke le radis Radish l‘onion Onion
la pomme
Potato le poivron Pepper le piment Chilli
de terre
sweet
le navet Turnip la courge Marrow la patatedouce
potato
l‘igname Yam la bettrave Beetroot le rutabaga Swede
le
topinambour Artichoke le raifort Horseradish le panais Parsnip
Jerusalem
le aubergine/egg
Ginger l‘aurbergine la tomate Tomato
gingembre plant
la ciboule spring onion le poireau Leek l‘échalote Shallot
le
l‘ail Garli Mushroom le truffle Truffle
champignon
le la butternut
Cucumber la courgette Courgette
concombre courgemusquée squash
la courge la tomoate cherry
acorn squash la citrouille Pumpkin
gland cerise tomato
le fruit de
la carotte Carrot le taro taro root bread fruit
l‘arbre à pain

2.7 NOM DES FRUITSEN FRANÇAIS (NAME OF THE

FRUITS IN FRENCH)

Nom du fruit (Fruit‟s Name)

En anglaise (In En français (In
English) French)
Orange l'orange
Apple la pomme
Banana la banane
Blackberry la mûre
Blueberry la myrtille
Cherry la cerise

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Coconut la noix de coco
Grape le raisin
Kiwi Fruit le kiwi
Mandarine la mandarine
Mango la mangue
Melon le melon
Nut la noisette
Peach la pêche
Pear la poire
Plum la prune
Pineapple l'ananas
Pomegranate la grenade
Raspberry la framboise
Strawberry la fraise
Tangerine la mandarine
Guava La Goyave
Ugli Fruit le tangelo
Watermelon le melon d'eau /
la pastèque
Artichoke l'artichaut
Avocado l'avocat
Lychee Le Litchi

CHECK YOU PROGRESS -II

1. Complétez-

Je m‘appelle.................., je suis..........................
Je ---------- .à Lucknow.

Lucky Singh
Secrétaire
PandeypurSonatalabLucknow

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Elles‘appelle ...............
Elle est .............
Elle ......................à Varanasi.

Rachana Singh
Médecine
LankaVaranasi

2-Présentez- les (Introduce)

i. Jyoti Tiwari: Canadien-Journaliste-Montréal

ii. Tejas Verma: Japonais-Professeur-Tokyo
iii. Ayushi: Indienne-Secrétaire-Varanasi
iv. Yoko Ozawa: Allemend-Acteur-Stuttgart
v. Abhishek Legrand: Indien- Étudiant-Delhi

3- Écrivezles Jours de la Semaine dans le français. (Write the days of the week in
French)

4- Écrivezles Mois de l‘annéedans le français. (Write months of the year in French.)

2.8 GLOSSARY

FIRST GROUP OF VERBS :The verbs in French ending with ‗er‘ (except aller),.
are normally known as regular first group of verbs and followed similar pattern of
conjugation with different subjects in simple present tense.

PRONOMINAL VERBSor REFLEXIVE VERB : They have a special pronoun

before theverb: ―me, te, se, nous, vous, se‖ (in addition to the subject pronoun ―je, te,
il, elle, on, nous, vous, ils, elles‖) . ―Reflexive verb‖ is also an alternative name for
―pronominal verbs‖. ―Reflexive‖ is an adjective which means ―reflecting‖. It tells
about the action on one self which means the action is carried out on the person who is
doing the action.

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LES ARTICLES DÉFINIS (THE DEFINITE ARTICLES):The definite article
indicates that the speaker is referring to either a particular/specific noun or to a class
of nouns in a general sense. They are:Le,La,L‘,Les

LES ARTICLES INDÉFINIS (THE INDEFINITE ARTICLES) :The indefinite

article indicates that the speaker is referring to either an unspecific noun or to one/
something. The English indefinite article has two forms, (a and an), while the French
has three, depending on the gender and number of the noun. They are : Un, Une and
Des.

2.9 ANSWER TO CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Check you Progress - 1

1.See 2.2
2.See 2.3
3.See 2.3
Check you Progress - 2
1.See 2.4
2.See 2.4
3.See 2.5
4.See 2.5

2.10 REFERENCE / BIBLIOGRAPHY/SUGGESTED

READINGS
 Batchelor ,R.E and Offord, M.H., Using French, Press Syndicate of
Cambridge: The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge .
 Bhattacharya, S.,(2005), French for Hotel Management & Tourism Industry,
Frank Bros. & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., New Delhi
 Catherine Lobo &SonaliJadhav ,, Basic French Course for The Hotel Industry
 François Makowski,(2000), French made easy, Goyal Publishers (P) Ltd.
Delhi.
 Jenny Ollerenshaw and Stephanie Rybak (2003), Breakthrough French 3,
Palgrave MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.
 Larousse (2011),A Complete French Grammar.

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 Larousse Compact Dictionary: French-English/ English-French.
 Mauger,G., and Bruézière(1980), Le français et la vie,The French Book
Centre,New Delhi.
 Mauger,G.,Cours de Langue et de Civilisation Françaises,Hachette,paris
 Philippe Dominique, MichéleVerdelhan and Michel Verdelhan(1982) ,Sans
Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 & Part 2 ,CLE
INTERNATIONAL,Paris and f b c,,New Delhi.
 Philippe Dominique, Jacky Girardet, MichéleVerdelhan and Michel
Verdelhan(1999) ,Le Nouveau Sans Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 &
Part 2 ,CLE INTERNATIONAL,Paris and GOYL SaaB,Delhi.
 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 1, Palgrave
MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.
 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 2, Palgrave
MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.
 Talukdar,A.,(2006), Parlez a’ I’ hotel!, Aman Publications , Delhi.
Websites:
https://www.lawlessfrench.com/grammar/)
https://www.frenchconjugation.com/verbs/
https://www.frenchtoday.com
https://frenchtogether.com/french-adjectives/

2.11 TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1-Présentez- Vous (Introduce Yourself)

2- Présentez- Votre voisinou votre voisine. (Introduce Your neighbour)

3-Écrivez le Nom de 10 légumes dans le français. (Write the Name of 10 vegetables

infrench.)

4-Écrivez le Nom de 10 fruits dans le français. (Write the Name of 10 fruits in

French)

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UNIT: 03
CONJUGATION OF SECOND
GROUP OF VERBS
STRUCTURE:

3.1 Objectives
3.2 Nom Des Pays En Français Et Des Nationalités (Name Of The
Countries And The Nationalities In French)
3.3 Conjugation of Second Group Of Verbs
3.4 Adjectives of Place
3.5 Prepositions of Place
3.6 La Description D'un Endroit (Votre Ville / L'endroit Touristique)-
Describing A Place (Your City/ Tourist Place) -
3.7 Glossary
3.8. Answer To Check Your Progress
3.9 Reference / Bibliography/Suggested Readings
3.10 Terminal Questions

3.1 OBJECTIVE
After reading this unit you should be able to:
 To learn the conjugationsof second group of verbs in French.
 To understand the Adjectives andPrepositions of place in French.
 To know about name of the Name of the Countries and Nationalities in
French
 To know how to describe a Place.

3.2 NOM DES PAYS EN FRANÇAIS ET DES NATIONALITÉS (NAME OF

THE COUNTRIES AND THE NATIONALITIES IN FRENCH)
Les Continents (The Continents)
There are the seven continents of the world.

Continent (in English) Continent (in French)

Africa Afrique
Antartica Antarctique
Asia Asie
Australia Australie
Europe Europe
North America Amérique du Nord
South America Amérique du Sud

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NOM DES PAYS EN FRANÇAIS ET DES NATIONALITÉS

(FRENCH NAME OF THE COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES)

CONT NOM DU PAYS EN NOM DU PAYS EN NATIONALITÉS EN MASCULINE FEMININE

INENT ANGLAIS FRANÇAIS ANGLAIS
S (COUNTRIES NAME (COUNTRY NAME IN (NATIONALITIES
(CON IN FRENCH) IN ENGLISH)
TINEN ENGLISH)
T)
Asia Afghanistan L'afghanistan (M) Afghan Afghan Afghane

Southeast Albania L'albanie (F) Albanians Albanais Albanaise

Europe
Northern Algeria L'algérie (F) Algerian Algérien Algérienne
Africa
Europe Andorra L'andorre (F) Andorran Andorran Andorrane
Africa Angola L'angola (M) Angolan Angolais Angolaise

North Antigua And L'antigua-Et-Barbuda Barbudans Barbade Barbudiens

America Barbuda (F)

South Argentina L'argentine (F) Argentinian Argentin Argentine

America
Western Armenia L'arménie (F) Armenian Arménien Arménienne
Asia
North The United Les États-Unis (M) American Américain Américaine
America States
Australia/ Australia L'australie (F) Australian Australien Australienne
Oceania
Western Austria L'autriche (F) Austrian Autrichien Autrichienne
Europe
Europe/As Azerbaijan L'azerbaïdjan (M) Azerbaijani Azerbaïdjanais Azerbaïdjanaise
ian
North Bahamas Les Bahamas (F) Bahamian Bahamien Bahamienne
America
Asia Bahrain Le Bahreïn Bahraini Bahreïni Bahreïni

Southern Bangladesh Le Bangladesh Bangladeshi Bangladesh Bangladesh

Asia
North Barbados La Barbade Barbadian Barbadien Barbadienne
America
Europe Belarus La Biélorussie Belarusian Biélorusse Biélorusse
OrBelarusan
Western Belgium La Belgique Belgian Belge Belge
Europe
Central Belize Le Belize (M) Belizean Bélizien Bélizienne
America
Africa Benin Le Bénin Beninese Béninois Béninoise

Asia Bhutan Le Bhoutan Bhutanese Bhoutanais Bhoutanaises

South Bolivia La Bolivie Bolivian Bolivien Bolivienne

America
Southeast Bosnia La Bosnie- Bosnian Bosnien Bosnienne
ern Herzégovine
Europe
South- Botswana Le Botswana Botswanan Botswana Botswanaise
Africa

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Central Brazil Le Brésil Brazilian Brésilien Brésilienne
Eastern
South
America
South- Brunei Le Brunéi Bruneian Brunéien Brunéiennes
East Asia

Southeast Bulgaria La Bulgarie Bulgarian Bulgare Bulgare

ern
Europe
West Burkina-Faso Le Burkina Burkinese Birman Birmane
Africa
South- Burma La Birmanie Burmese Briman Brimane
Central
Asia
Africa Burundi Le Burundi Burundian Burundais Burundaise

South- Cambodia Le Cambodge (M) Cambodian Cambodgien Cambodgienne

East Asia
Africa Cameroon Le Cameroun Cameroonian Camerounais Camerounaise

North Canada Le Canada Canadian Canadien Canadienne

America
Africa Cape Verde Le Cap-Vert Cape Verdean Capverdien Capverdienne
Island
Africa Chad Le Tchad Chadian Tchadien Tchadienne

South Chile Le Chili Chilean Chilien Chilienne

America
Eastern China La Chine Chinese Chinois Chinoise
Asia
South Colombia La Colombie Colombian Colombien Colombienne
America
Central Congo Le Congo Congolese Congolais Congolaise
Africa
Central Costa Rica Le Costa Rica Costa Rican Costaricain Costaricaine
America
West Côte D'ivoire La Côte D'ivoire Ivorian Ivoirien Ivoirienne
Africa
Central Croatia La Croatie Croat Or Croate Croate
Europe Croatian
North Cuba Cuba Cuban Cuban Cubane
America
Europe Cyprus Chypre (F) Cypriot Chypriote Chypriote

Central Czech Republic La Czech Tchèque Tchèque

Europe RépubliqueTchèque
Northern Denmark Le Danemark Danish Danois Danoise
Europe
Africa Djibouti Le Djibouti Djiboutian Djiboutien Djiboutien

North Dominican La Dominican Dominicain Dominicain

America Republic RépubliqueDominica
ine
South Ecuador L'équateur (M) Ecuadorean Équatorien Équatorienne
America
Western Holland Les Pays-Bas Dutch Néerlandais Néerlandaise
Europe ( Netherlands)
Africa, Egypt L'égypte (F) Egyptian Égyptien Égyptienne
Middle

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East

North El Salvador Le Salvador Salvadorean Salvadorien Salvadorien

America
Europe England L’angleterre (F) English Anglais Anglaise

Africa Eritrea L'érythrée (F) Eritrean Érythréen Érythréen

Europe Estonia L'estonie (F) Estonian Estonien Estonienne

Africa Ethiopia L'éthiopie (F) Ethiopian Éthiopien Éthiopienne

Oceania Fiji Les Fidji (F) Fijian Fidjien Fidjien

Northern Finland La Finlande Finnish Finlandais Finlandaise

Europe
Western France La France French Français Française
Europe
Oceania French La Polynesian FrançaisPolynés FrançaisPolynés
Polynesia PolynésieFrançaise ien ienne

Central Gabon Le Gabon Gabonese Gabonais Gabonaise

Africa
Africa Gambia La Gambie Gambian Gambien Gambienne

Europe/As Georgia La Géorgie Georgian Géorgien Géorgienne

ia
Western Germany L'Allemagne (F) German Allemand Allemande
Europe

Africa Ghana Le Ghana Ghanaian Ghanéen Ghanéenne

Southern Greece La Grèce Greek Grec Grecque

Europe

North Grenada La Grenade Grenadian Grenadien Grenadienne

America
North Guatemala Le Guatemala Guatemalan Guatémaltèque Guatémaltèque
America
Africa Guinea La Guinée Guyanese Guyanais Guyanaise

South Guyana La Guyana Guyanese Guyanes Guyanese

America
North Haiti Haïti Haitian Haïtien Haïtien
America
North Honduras Le Honduras Honduran Hondurien Hondurienne
America
Eastern Hungary La Hongrie Hungarian Hongrois Hongroise
Europe
Europe Iceland L'islande (F) Icelandic Islandais Islandaise

South- India L'inde (F) Indian Indien Indienne

Central
Asia
Asia/Ocea Indonesia L'indonésie (F) Indonesian Indonésien Indonésienne
nia
Asia Iran L'iran (M) Iranian Iranien Iranienne

Asia Iraq L'irak (M) Iraqi Irakien Irakienne

Northern Ireland L'irlande (F) Irish Irlandais Irlandaise

Europe

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Asia Israel Israël (M) Israelis Israélien Israélienne

Southern Italy L'italie (F) Italian Italien Italienne

Europe
North Jamaica La Jamaïque Jamaican Jamaïquain Jamaïquaine
America
Eastern Japan Le Japon Japanese Japonais Japonaise
Asia
Asia Jordan La Jordanie Jordanian Jordanien Jordanienne

Asia Kazakhstan Le Kazakhstan Kazakh Kazakh Kazakh

Africa Kenya Le Kenya Kenyan Kényan Kényane

Oceania Kiribati Kiribati (F) Kiribati Kiribatien Kiribatienne

Asia Kuwait Le Koweït Kuwaiti Koweïtien Koweïtienne

Asia Kyrgyzstan Le Kirghizstan Kirghiz Kirghiz Kirghizes

Asia Laos Le Laos Laotian Laotien Laotienne

Europe Latvia La Lettonie Latvian Letton Lettonne

Asia Lebanon Le Liban Lebanese Libanais Libanaise

Africa Lesotho Le Lesotho Mosotho/ Basotho Basotho

Basotho
Africa Liberia Le Libéria Liberian Libérien Libérienne

Africa Libya La Libye Libyan Libyen Libyenne

Europe Lithuania La Lituanie Lithuanian Lituanien Lituanienne

Europe Luxembourg Le Luxembourg Luxembourger Luxembourgeoi Luxembourgeoi

s s
Europe Macedonia La Macédoine Macedonian Macédonien Macédoniene

Eastern Madagascar Madagascar (M) Madagascan Malgache Malgache

Africa
Africa Malawi Le Malawi Malawian Malawien Malawienne

Asia Malaysia La Malaisie Malaysian Malaisien Malaisienne

Asia Maldives Les Maldives (F) Maldivian Maldivien Maldivienne

Africa Mali Le Mali Malian Malien Malienne

Europe Malta Malte (F) Maltese Maltais Maltaise

West Mauritania La Mauritanie Mauritanian Mauritanien Mauritanienne

Africa
Eastern Mauritius Île Maurice (F) Mauritian Mauricien Mauricienne
Africa
North Mexico Le Mexique (M) Mexican Mexicain Mexicaine
America
Europe Moldavia La Moldavie Moldovan Moldave Moldave

Europe Monaco Monaco MonégasqueOr Monaco Monaco

Monacan

Asia Mongolia La Mongolie Mongolian Mongol Mongole

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Europe Montenegro Le Monténégro Montenegrin Monténégrin Monténégrine

Northern Morocco Le Maroc Moroccan Marocain Marcoaine

Africa
Africa Mozambique Le Mozambique Mozambican Mozambicain Mozambicainne

Africa Namibia La Namibie Namibian Namibien Namibienne

Oceania Nauru La Nauru Nauruan Nauruan Nauruane

Asia Nepal Le Népal Nepalese Népalais Népalaise

Europe Netherlands Les Pays-Bas Dutch Hollandais Hollandaise

Oceania; New Zealand La Nouvelle-Zélande New Zealander Néo-Zélandais Néo-Zélandaise

Australia

North Nicaragua Le Nicaragua Nicaraguan Nicaraguayen Nicaraguayenne

America
Africa Niger Le Niger Nigerien Nigérian Nigérianne

West Nigeria Le Nigéria Nigerian Nigérian Nigériane

Africa
Asia North Korea La Corée Du Nord North Korean Nord-Coréen Nord-Coréenne

Northern Norway La Norvège Norwegian Norvégien Norvégienne

Europe
Asia Oman L'oman (M) Omani Omanais Omanaise

South- Pakistan Le Pakistan Pakistani Pakistanais Pakistanaise

Central
Asia
North Panama Le Panama Panamanian Panaméen Panaméenne
America
Oceania Papua New La Papouasie- Papua New Papouasie- Papouans-Néo-
Guinea Nouvelle-Guinée Guinean Or Nouvelle- Guinéens,
Guinean Guinée
South Paraguay Le Paraguay Paraguayan Paraguayen Paraguayenne
America
South Peru Le Pérou Peruvian Péruvien Péruvienne
America
Asia Philippines Les Philippines (F) Philippine Philippines Philippines

Eastern Poland La Pologne Polish Polonaise Polonaise

Europe
Southern Portugal Le Portugal Portuguese Portugais Portugaise
Europe

Asia Qatar Le Qatar Qatari Qatari Qatarienne

Europe Romania La Roumanie Romanian Roumain Roumaine

Eastern Russia La Russie Russian Russe Russe

Europe -
Northern
Asia
Africa Rwanda Le Rwanda Rwandan Rwandais Rwandaise

Asia Saudi Arabia L'arabieSaoudite (F) Saudi Arabian Saoudien Saoudienne

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Europe Scotland L'écosse (F) Scottish Écossais Écossaise

West Senegal Le Sénégal Senegalese Sénégalais Sénégalaise

Africa
Europe Serbia La Serbie Serb Or Serbe Serbe
Serbian
Africa Seychelles Les Seychelles (F) Seychellois Les Seychelles Les Seychelles

Africa Sierra Leone La Sierra Leone Sierra Leonian Sierra Léonais Sierra Léonais

Europe Slovakia La Slovaquie Slovak Slovaque Slovaque

Europe Slovenia La Slovénie Slovene Or Slovène Slovène

Slovenian

Africa Somalia La Somalie Somali Somalien Somalienne

Southern South Africa L’afrique Du Sud (F) South African Sud-Africain Sud-Africaine
Africa

Asia South Korea La Corée Du Sud South Korean Coréen Du Sud Coréen Du Sud

Southern Spain L'espagne (F) Spanish Espagnol Espagnole

Europe
South- Sri Lanka Le Sri Lanka Sri-Lankan Srilankais Srilankaise
Central
Asia
Africa Sudan Le Soudan Sudanese Soudanais Soudanaise

South Surinam Le Surinam Surinamese Surinamais Surinamienne

America
Africa Swaziland Le Swaziland Swazi Swaziland Swaziland

Northern Sweden La Suède Swedish Suédois Suédoise

Europe
Western Switzerland La Suisse Swiss Suisse Suisse
Europe

Asia Syria La Syrie Syrian Syrien Syrienne

Asia Tajikistan Le Tadjikistan Tajik Or Tadjik Tadjik Tadjik

Africa Tanzania La Tanzanie Tanzanian Tanzanien Tanzanienne

Asia Thailand La Thaïlande Thai Thaïlandais Thaïlandaise

Africa Togo Le Togo Togolese Togolaise

South Trinidad And La Trinité-Et-Tobago Trinidadian Toboggan Toboggan

America Tobago Tobagan
Tobagonian

Northern Tunisia La Tunisie Tunisian Tunisien Tunisienne

Africa

Southeast Turkey La Turquie Turkish Turc Turque

ern
Europe,

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Western
Asia

Asia Turkmenistan Le Turkménistan Turkmen Or Turkmène Turkmène

Turkoman

Oceania Tuvalu Le Tuvalu Tuvaluan Taliban Talibane

Africa Uganda L'ouganda (M) Ugandan Ougandais Ougandaise

Europe Ukraine L'ukraine (F) Ukrainian Ukrainien Ukrainienne

Asia United Arab Les Emirati Émirati Émirati

Emirates ÉmiratsArabesUnis (
M)
Europe United Kingdom Le Royaume-Uni British Britanique Britanique

South Uruguay L'uruguay (M) Uruguayan Uruguayen Uruguayenne

America
Asia Uzbekistan L'ouzbékistan (M) Uzbek Ouzbek Ouzbèke

Oceania Vanuatu Le Vanuatu Vanuatuan Vanuatais Vanuataise

Europe Vatican Le Vatican Citizen Of The Citoyen Du Citoyen Du

Holy See Saint-Siège Saint-Siège

South Venezuela Le Venezuela Venezuelan Vénézuélien Vénézuélienne

America
Asia Vietnam Le Viêt-Nam Vietnamese Vietnamien Vietnamienne

Europe Wales Le Pays De Galles Welsh Gallois Galloise

Oceania Western Samoa Les Samoa Western Oust- Oust-

Occidentales Samoan Occidental Occidentale

Asia Yemen Le Yémen Yemeni Yéménite Yéménite

Europe Yugoslavia La Yougoslavie Yugoslav Yougoslave Yougoslave

Central Zaire (Congo) Le Zaïre (M) Zairean Zaïrois Zaïroise

Africa
Eastern Zambia La Zambie Zambian Zambien Zambienne
Africa

Eastern Zimbabwe Le Zimbabwe (M) Zimbabwean Zimbabwéen Zimbabwéenne

Africa

CHECK YOU PROGRESS – I

1- Write the name and nationality of the following countries in French-

a) India
b) Srilanka

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c) Australia
d) Germany
e) Spain
f) U.S.A
g) Japan
h) Russia
i) France
j) Italy
k) United states
COUNTRY AND LANGUAGES

Country Name Language(s)

Algeria l'arabe, le français
Australia l'anglais
Belgium le flamand, le français
Brazil le portugais
Canada le français, l'anglais
China le chinois
Egypt l'arabe
England l'anglais
France le français
Germany l'allemand
India l'hindi (plus many others)
Ireland l'anglais, l'irlandais
Italy l'italien
Japan le japonais
Mexico l'espagnol
Morocco l'arabe, le français
Netherlands le néerlandais
Poland le polonais
Portugal le portugais
Russia le russe
Senegal le français
Spain l'espagnol
Switzerland l'allemand, le français, l'italien
United States l'anglais

3.3 CONJUGATION OF SECOND GROUP OF VERBS

Different kinds of verbs in French include: regular verb ending with-er, -ir, -re, stem-
changing, and irregular. For conjugating regular verbs for each of the first three kinds

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of verbs, we have to learn some rules of conjugation of regular verbs in each of those
categories.

French verbs are conventionally divided into following three groups for the purpose of
conjugations:

A )First Group:all regular verbs in infinitive form ending with -er (except aller).

B )Second Group: Some regular Verbs with infinitives ending in -ir form a second
group of regular verbs in French .

C )Third Group: It includes all the irregular verbs. It can be divided into following
main sub-category:

1. verbs ending with -IR (like MOURIR,VENIR);

2. verbs ending with -OIR (like RECEVOIR);
3. verbs ending with -RE (like RENDRE:);
4. ALLER even if it is terminated by -ER

Regular verbswith infinitives ending in -ir form thesecond group of regular verbs in
Frenchand it is the second-largest category of French verbs. These verbs are also
referred to as 'second conjugation' verbs.The French verb with the infinitive ending
removed is called the stem or radical.

In order to conjugate a regular -irverb, in simple present tense ‗-ir‟ of the infinitive
is omitted to get the stem. Then the stem /six present tense endings are added with: -
is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent according to the subject . The singular and plural
forms of the third person are clearly distinguishable (finit vs.finissent). These verbs
always use a double radical. One for the singular and the second one for plural
persons: fin-is; finiss-ons).

While conjugating with subject Je- „ir‟ is replaced by „is‟;

While conjugating with subject Tu -„ir‟ is replaced by „is‟;

While conjugating with subject ‗Il‘ or ‗Elle‘ or ‗On‘ or any third person singular
subject - „ir‟ is replaced by „it‟;

While conjugating with subject Nous- „ir‟ is replaced by „issons‟;

While conjugating with subject Vous -„ir‟ is replaced by „issez‟;

While conjugating with subject Ils or Elles or any third person plural subject „ir‟ is
replaced by „issent‟.

Conjugation of second group of regular verb „Finir‟ –„To finish‟ in present tense

Je finis - I finish
Tu finis - You finish

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Il/Elle finit - He finishes/She finishes
On finit -We finish
Nous finissons - We finish
Vous finissez - You finish
Ils/Elles finissent - They finish
Conjugation of second group of regular verb „Choisir‟-„To Choose‟ in present
tense
Je choisis - I choose
Tu choisis - You choose
Il/Elle choisit - He chooses/She chooses
On choisit -We choose
Nous choisissons - We choose
Vous choisissez - You choose
Ils/Elles choisissent - They choose

Conjugation of second group of regular verb „Réussir‟-„To succeed‟ in present

tense
Je réussis - I succeed
Tu réussis - You succeed
Il/Elle réussit - He succeeds/She succeeds
On réussit -We succeed
Nous réussissons - We succeed
Vous réussissez - You succeed
Ils/Elles réussissent - They succeed

Conjugation of second group of regular verb „Agir‟– „To act‟ in present tense
Je agis - I act
Tu agis - You act
Il/Elle agit - He/ She acts
On agit -We act
Nous agissons - We act
Vous agissez -You act
Ils/ Elles agissent –They act

List of some common regular verbs ending with „-ir‟.

 Abolir – to abolish
 Acceuillir – to welcome
 Accomplir – to accomplish
 Avertir – to warn
 Bâtir – to build
 Bénir – to bless
 Embellir – to make beautiful
 Établir– to establish
 Finir – to finish
 Grandir – to grow up

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 Grossir – to gain weight
 Investir – to invest
 Maigrir,- to lose weight
 Mincir,- to get slimmer
 Nourrir – to feed
 Obéir – to obey
 Punir – to punish
 Réfléchir,- to think, reflect
 Ralentir – to slow down
 Réagir, -to react
 Remplir – to fill
 Réunir – to reunite
 Rougir – to blush
 Saisir – to seize
 Vieillir – to grow old

Irregular "-ir" Verbs

Above mentioned French -ir verbs are regular verbs, which follow the previously
discussed rules for conjugation. But there are a number of irregular -ir verbs in French
and they fall into three groups.

I )The first group of irregular -ir verbs is essentially conjugated like the
verb partir ("to leave"). This group includes such verbs as:

 Consentir - to consent
 Départir - to accord
 Dormir - to sleep
 Endormir- to put/send to sleep

Conjugation of second group of irregular verb „Dormir‟ (To sleep) in present

tense

Je dors ( I sleep)
Tu dors ( You sleep )
Il dort ( He sleeps)
Elle dort ( She sleeps )
On dort ( We sleep)

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Nous dormons( We sleep )
Vous dormez ( You sleep )
Ils dorment ( They sleep )
Elles dorment ( They sleep )

Conjugation of second group of irregular verb „Sortir‟ ( To go out ) in present

tense

Je sors( I go out )
Tu sors ( You go out )
Il sort ( He goes out )
Elle sort ( She goes out )
On sort ( We go out )
Nous sortons ( We go out )
Vous sortez ( You go out )
Ils sortent( They go out )
Elles sortent ( They go out )

Conjugation of second group of irregular verb „Partir‟ ( To leave ) in present

tense
Je pars( Ileave)
Tu pars ( You leave)
Il part ( Heleaves)
Elle part ( She leaves )
On part ( Weleave )
Nous partons ( Weleave )
Vous partez ( Youleave )
Ils partent( Theyleave )
Elles partent ( Theyleave )

The second group consists of verbs that end in -llir, -frir, or, -vrir, and almost all are
conjugated like regular -er verbs. Examples of these verbs include:
 Couvrir - to cover
 Cueillir - to pick
 Découvrir- to discover
 Entrouvrir - to half-open

Conjugation of second group of irregular verb „Ouvrir‟ ( To open ) in present

tense

J'ouvre,( Iopen)
Tu ouvres( You open)
Il ouvre( He opens)
Elle ouvre( She opens )
On ouvre( We open )
Nous Ouvrons,( We open )
Vous ouvrez( You open)
Ils Ouvrent( They open)

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Elles Ouvrent( They open )

In the third group, verbs such as tenir ("to hold") and venir ("to come") and their
derivatives follow a shared conjugation pattern in the present tense. The remaining
irregular -ir verbs don't follow a pattern. One has to memorize the conjugations for
each of the verbs separately. Some of the verbs are:
 Acquérir - to acquire
 Asseoir - to sit
 Avoir - to have
 Conquérir - to conquer
 Courir- to run

Conjugation of second group of irregular verb „Courir‟ ( To run ) in present

tense

 Je cours( I run)
 Tu cours( You run)
 Il court ( He runs)
 Elle court ( She runs )
 On court ( We run )
 Nous courons, ( We run )
 Vous courez( You run )
 Ils Courent( They run )/Elles Courent ( They run )

3.4 ADJECTIVES OF PLACE-

Followings adjectives are used before the nouns.

Adjective Meaning

Affreux, -euse awful, terrible

Autre other
Beau (belle) good-looking, beautiful
Bon (bonne) good

Bref (brève) brief

Excellent(e) excellent
Grand (e) large
Haut(e) high, tall
Pretty pretty
Mauvais(e) bad, wrong
Méchant (e ) Naughty
Même(s) same
Nouveau (nouvelle) new
Petit(e) small
Plusieurs ... several ...
Premier, second, avant- (Ordinal numbers)

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dernier, dernier, troisième, quatrième etc
Vieux (vieille) old

Examples are:-

 Il est bon garçon.

 He is a Handsomeboy.
 Elle est belle fille.
 She is a beautiful girl
 Il y a une haute colline derrière la forêt.
 There is a tall hill behind the forest
 Il a une grande jardin.
He has a large garden

The following adjectives havethe different meanings before and after the noun-

Adjective Meaning before the noun Meaning after the noun

Ancien/Ancienne former, ex- old, ancient
Brave fine, amiable brave, courageous
Certain certain (in sense of sure, certain
'particular')
Cher dear, true expensive
Curieux/curieuse strange inquisitive
Fameux famous, infamous top-notch, first-rate
Gros big fat
Jeune Young, younger not old

Pauvre poor poor

Propre own clean
Pure pure, simple, plain pure, unaltered
Rare rare, precious Rare, infrequent
Seul/Seule only, sole lonely

Terrible terrible, awful great

Vrai real, serious real, true

Example-

 Une ancienneécole (School which exists no more).

 Une chaise ancienne(old chair).
 Un seulfils (only son)
 Une femme seule( A woman who is not accompanied)

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 Une chaise rare (valuable chair)
 Desrares chaises (rare)

3.5 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

One of the eight French parts of speech, prepositions are the essential words which are
placed after a verb, noun or adjective in order to indicate a relationship between that
word and the noun or pronoun that follows. Many French prepositions have more than
one English equivalent, depending on how they are used – and vice versa. Some
common French prepositions and their English meaning are given below.

French prepositions English meaning

à to, at, in
à côté de Beside,By the side
après after
avant before
avec with
chez at the home/office of,among
Contre against, versus
dans in
de from, of, about
depuis since, for
derrière in back of,behind
devant in front of
durant during, while
en in, to
entre between
envers toward
environ approximately,around
jusque until, up to
malgré despite
par by, through
parmi among
pendant during
pour for
sans without
sauf except
selon according to
sous under
suivant according to
sur On, Over, above
vers toward, near

Par exemple(For Example) Il est dans la rue, devant la maison.(He is inside the
street,in front of house ).

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Some basic rules to use preposition before the place, or going to a place in French are
given below.

Preposition “en” and “au” are used before the name of country. ―en‖ is used before
the country whose gender is feminine and ―au‖ is used before the country whose
gender is masculine. ―aux‖is used before the country whose name is plural. But
preposition ‗à ‟is used before a town or city .Meaning of ―en‖ and ―au‖ is ‗in‘ and that
of ‗ à ‘ and ‗de‘ are ‗in‘ or ‗at‘ and ‗from‘ respectively. Country name ending with ―E‖
is (feminine) and Country name not ending with ―E‖ is normally masculine. Some
exceptions are there like country Mexique ,although ending with ―E‖ ,but it is
masculine.

Someexamples are:

J‘habiteenInde.(I live in India).

J‘habiteauJapon.(I live in Japan).
Nous habitonsauMexique.(We live in Mexico).
Nous habitonsaux États-Unis. (We live in United States of America).
Il habiteàParis.(He lives in Paris)
Je vais àParis.(I go to Paris)
Je viens de Paris.( I come from Paris.)
Il vient de Tokyo..( He comes from Tokyo.)
Preposition ‗à‘ is used when we describe going to a place and for coming from
a place preposition―de‖ is used as explained above.
Preposition used with other places

À l‘école
À l‘ opéra
À l‘ église
À l‘ université
Au collége
Au café
Au musée
Au marché
Au bistrot
Au cinéma
Aller Au super marché
Au theatre
Au zoo
Au tabac
Rester Au restaurant
Au magasin
À la cafétéria
À la banque
À la plage
À la mer
À la piscine
À la poste

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3.6 LA DESCRIPTION D'UN ENDROIT (VOTRE VILLE

/ L'ENDROIT TOURISTIQUE)-DESCRIBING A PLACE
(YOUR CITY/ TOURIST PLACE) -

A) Description of Delhi (In English)

National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India. It is
the capital of India. It is one of the fastest growing cities in India. It is situated in the
north of India, on the bank of river Yamuna.It is bordered by Haryana on three sides
and by Uttar Pradesh in the east. The area of National Capital Territory of
Delhi (NCT), is 1,484 square kilometres. Population of Delhi is 20 million.
New Delhi was built by a British architect Edward Lutyens in 1912. The Parliament
House and Supreme Court of India are located in Delhi. The president, prime minister
and all other ministers of India stay in Delhi. There are lot of historical places like,
Qutab Minar, JantarMantar, Red Fort in Delhi. The Indira Gandhi International
Airport is also located in Delhi. People of different communities stays in Delhi. Delhi
is well known for its spicy and tasty food. The main language spoken in Delhi is
Hindi.

La description de Delhi (En languefrançaise):

Territoire de la capitale nationale de Delhi (NCT), est une ville et un territoire de

l'union d‘Inde. Il est la capitale de l'Inde. C'est l'une des villes dont la croissance est la
plus rapide en Inde. Il est situé dans le nord d'Inde, sur la rive de la rivière Yamuna. Il
est bordé par l'Haryana sur trois côtés et par l'Uttar Pradesh à l'est. La superficie du
territoire de la capitale nationale de Delhi (NCT) est de 1 484 kilomètres carrés. La
population de Delhi est de 20 millions. New Delhi a été construite par un architecte
britannique Edward Lutyens en 1912. Le Parlement et la Coursuprême de l'Inde se
trouvent à Delhi. Le président, le premier ministre et tous les autresministresrestent à
Delhi. Il ya beaucoup de lieuxhistoriquescomme, Qutab Minar, Jantar Mantar ,Red
Fort et etc à Delhi.. L'aéroport international Indira Gandhi est aussisitué à Delhi.Des
gens de différentescommunautésrestent à Delhi. Delhi est bien connu pour sesépicé et
plats savoureux.. La langue principaleparlée à Delhi est le Hindi.

B)Description of Mumbai (In English)

Mumbai is a natural harbour on the west coast of India. It is the capital of

Maharashtra. It is India's most populous city. The population of Mumbai is 24
Million. It is the commercial capital of India. It is also the wealthiest city in India. It is
a beautiful, vibrant and cosmopolitan city. It is a city of seven islands. It is the city of
dreams. There are many monuments here. Gate way of India is a famous monument of
Mumbai. Elephanta Caves is a popular tourist attraction in Mumbai. It is full of hotels,
museums and tourist places. There are also beautiful gardens. Juhu and Chowpatty are

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the two famous beach of Mumbai. All people visit the beach especially in summer. It
is also known as film city. I love the city of Mumbai.

La description de Mumbai (En languefrançaise):

Mumbaiest un port naturel situé sur la côte ouest de l‘Inde. C‘est la capitale de
Maharashtra. C'est la ville la plus peuplée de l'Inde.La population de Mumbai est de
24 millions d‘habitants.C‘est lacapitalecommerciale de l'Inde. C'est aussi la ville la
plus riched'Inde. C'est une ville belle, vivante et cosmopolite. C'est une ville de sept
îles. Elle est la ville de rêves. Il y a beaucoup de monuments ici. Gate way of India
est un monument célèbre de Mumbai.Elephanta Caves est une attraction touristique
populaire. Elle est pleined'hôtels, de musées et d'endroitstouristiques. Il y aaussi de
beaux jardins. Juhu et Chowpatty sont les deux célèbres plages deMumbai.Tous les
gens visitent la plage surtout en été.C‘est ce qu'on appelle la ville du film.J'aime
beaucoup la ville de Mumbai.

CHECK YOU PROGRESS – II

1- Write the conjugation of followings verbs in present tense: -

a) Choisir‘
b) ‗Dormir‘
c) Remplir
d) Réunir
e) Réussir
f) Rougir
g) Ouvrir
h) Vieillir

2-Fill in the blanks with –à, au, à la, en, chez

I. Je vais ---Inde, --- Delhi, ---- des amis.

II. Il va -----concert, ---- opera.
III. Je vias-------le dentist.
IV. J‘habite-----Japon

3- Fill in the blank with the given adjective and prepositions (beau,Souriante,
grande,grand méchante,dans,devant) in the following sentences-

a) Il est ------garcon.
b) Elle est ------ fille.

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c) Elle est ------femme.
d) Rakesh est -------homme.
e) Shalini est ---------.
f) Il est --------- la rue,
g) Je suis -------- la maison

3.7 GLOSSARY
Second Group of Regular Verbs: Regular verbswith infinitives ending in -ir form
thesecond group of regular verbs in Frenchand it is the second-largest category of
French verbs. These verbs are also referred to as 'second conjugation' verbs.

Prepositionsof Place: One of the eight French parts of speech, prepositions are the
essential words which are placed after a verb, noun or adjective in order to indicate a
relationship between that word and the noun or pronoun that follows. Many French
prepositions have more than one English equivalent, depending on how they are used
– and vice versa.

3.8 ANSWER TO CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Check you Progress - 1

1.See 3.2

Check you Progress - 2

1.See 3.3

2.See 3.4 and 3.5

3.See 3.4 and 3.5

3.9 REFERENCE / BIBLIOGRAPHY/SUGGESTED READINGS

 Batchelor ,R.E and Offord, M.H., Using French, Press Syndicate of
Cambridge: The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge .
 Bhattacharya, S.,(2005), French for Hotel Management & Tourism Industry,
Frank Bros. & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., New Delhi
 Catherine Lobo &SonaliJadhav ,, Basic French Course for The Hotel Industry
 François Makowski,(2000), French made easy, Goyal Publishers (P) Ltd.
Delhi.
 Jenny Ollerenshaw and Stephanie Rybak (2003), Breakthrough French 3,
Palgrave MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.

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 Larousse (2011),A Complete French Grammar.
 Larousse Compact Dictionary: French-English/ English-French.
 Mauger,G., and Bruézière(1980), Le français et la vie,The French Book
Centre,New Delhi.
 Mauger,G.,Cours de Langue et de Civilisation Françaises,Hachette,paris
 Philippe Dominique, MichéleVerdelhan and Michel Verdelhan(1982) ,Sans
Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 & Part 2 ,CLE
INTERNATIONAL,Paris and f b c,,New Delhi.
 Philippe Dominique, Jacky Girardet, MichéleVerdelhan and Michel
Verdelhan(1999) ,Le Nouveau Sans Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 &
Part 2 ,CLE INTERNATIONAL,Paris and GOYL SaaB,Delhi.
 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 1, Palgrave
MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.
 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 2, Palgrave
MachmillanHoundmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.
 Talukdar,A.,(2006), Parlez a’ I’ hotel!, Aman Publications , Delhi.
Websites:

https://www.lawlessfrench.com/grammar/)

https://www.frenchconjugation.com/verbs/

https://www.frenchtoday.com

https://frenchtogether.com/french-adjectives/

3.10 TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1.Describe a place in French.

2.Explain thesecond group of verbs of French.

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UNIT: 04
VOCABULARY
STRUCTURE:

4.1 Objectives
4.2 Conjugation of Irregular Verbs in Present Tense.
4.3 Vocabulaire: Décrire Une Famille (Vocabulary: Describing A Family)
4.4 Name of Dairy Products and Cereals In French
4.5 Negation
4.6 Adjectifs Démonstratifs (Demonstrative Adjectives)
4.7 Simple Translation
4.8 (Oral)
4.9 Glossary
4.10 Answer to Check Your Progress
4.11 Reference / Bibliography/Suggested Readings
4.12 Terminal Questions

4.1 OBJECTIVE
After reading this unit you should be able to:
 To learn the conjugations of irregular verbs in French.
 To understand the Demonstrative Adjectives and how to make negation in
French.
 To know about name of the family relation and how to describe a family.
 To know the name of dairy products and cereals in French.
 To learn some simple translation and oral conversation in different situation.

4.2 CONJUGATION OF IRREGULAR VERBS IN PRESENT TENSE

They are the third group of verbs and it includes all the irregular verbs. It can be
divided into following main sub-category:
1. verbs ending with -IR (like MOURIR,VENIR,TENIR);
2. verbs ending with -OIR (like RECEVOIR);
3. verbs ending with -RE (like RENDRE:);
4. ALLER even if it is terminated by -ER

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In the third group, verbs such as tenir ("to hold") and venir ("to come") and their
derivatives follow a shared conjugation pattern in the present tense. The remaining
irregular -ir verbs don't follow a pattern. Similarly, some verbs ending with -oir and -
re and their derivatives follow a shared conjugation pattern in the present tense. The
remaining irregular verbs ending with -ir ,-oir and -re ,don't follow a pattern. One has
to memorize the conjugations for each of the verbs separately. Conjugations of
various types of irregular verbs are given below:
1) Conjugation of irregular verb „Aller‟ (Togo)in present tense

Je vais ( I go )
Tu vas (You go )
Il va (He goes )
Elle va (She goes )
On va (We go )
Nous allons (We go )
Vous allez ( You go )
Ils vont ( They go )( Masculine)
Elles vont ( They go ) (Feminine)

2 )(a)Conjugation of irregular verb ‗Venir‘ ( To come ) in present tense

Je viens ( I come )
Tu viens ( You come )
Il vient ( He comes )
Elle vient ( She comes )
On vient ( We come )
Nous venons ( We come )
Vous venez ( You come )
Ils viennent ( They come )
Elles viennent (They come )

(b)Conjugation of irregular verb „Tenir‟ (To hold ) in present tense

Je tiens ( Ihold)
Tu tiens ( You hold )
Il tient ( He holds )
Elle tient ( She holds )
On tient ( We hold)
Nous tenons ( We hold)
Vous tenez ( You hold )
Ils tiennent ( They hold )
Elles viennent ( They hold )

3 )(a)Conjugation of irregular verb „Lire‟ ( To read ) in present tense

Je lis ( I read )

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Tu lis (You read )
Il lit (He reads )
Elle lit ( She reads )
On lit (We read )
Nous lisons (We read )
Vous lisez ( You read )
Ils lisent ( They read )
Elles lisent (They read )

(b )Conjugation of irregular verb „Dire‟ ( To say ) in present tense

Je dis ( I say )
Tu dis ( you say )
Il dit ( he says )
Elle dit ( she says )
On dit ( we say )
Nous disons ( we say )
Vous dites ( you say )
Ils disent ( They say )
Elles disent They say )

(c )Conjugation of irregular verb „Interdire‟ (To prohibit)in present tense

J' interdis ( I prohibit )
Tu interdis ( You prohibit )
Il interdit ( He prohibits )
EIle interdit ( She prohibits )
On interdit ( We prohibit )
Nous interdisons ( We prohibit )
Vous interdites( You prohibit )
Ils interdisent ( They prohibit )
Elles interdisent ( they prohibit )

(d )Conjugation of irregular verb „Rire‟ ( To laugh )in present tense

Je ris ( I laugh )
Tu ris ( You laugh )
Il rit ( He laughs )
Elle rit (She laughs )
On rions ( We laugh )
Nous ions ( We laugh )
Vous iez ( You laugh )

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Ils rient (They laugh )
Elles rient ( They laugh )

(e )Conjugation of irregular verb„Vivre‟ ( To live )in present tense

Je vis ( I live )
Tu vis ( You live )
Il vit (He lives )
Elle vit ( She lives)
On vit ( We live )
Nous vivons ( We live )
Vous vivez ( You live )
Ils vivent ( They live )
Elles vivent ( They live )

4)(a) Conjugation of irregular verb“Prendre” (Totake) in present tense

Je prends ( I take )
Tu prends (You take )
Il prend (He takes )
Elle prend (She takes )
On prend (We take )
Nous prenons (We take )
Vous prenez (You take )
Ils Prennent ( They take )
Elles Prennent ( They take )
(b) Conjugation of irregular verb“Apprendre” ( To learn )in present tense
J'apprends ( I learn)
Tu apprends ( You learn)
Il apprend ( He learns)
Elle apprend ( She learns)
On apprend ( We learn)
Nous apprenons ( We learn)
Vous apprenez ( You learn)
Ils apprennent (They learn)
Elles apprennent (They learn)

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(c) Conjugation of irregular verb“Comprendre”(To understand )in present tense
Je comprends ( I understand )
Tu comprends (You understand )
Il comprend (He understands )
Elle comprend (She understands )
On comprend ( We understand )
Nous comprenons ( We understand )
Vous comprenez ( You understand )
Ils comprennent ( They understand )
Elles comprennent ( They understand )

(d)Conjugation of irregular verb“Attendre”( To expect )in present tense

J' attends ( I expect )
Tu attends (You expect )
Il attend (He expects )
Elle attend ( She expects)
On attend ( We expect )
Nous attendons ( We expect )
Vous attendez (You expect )
Ils attendent ( They expect )
Elles attendent ( They expect )

(e)Conjugation of irregular verb“Vendre”( To sell )in present tense

Je vends ( I sell )
Tu vends ( You sell )
Il vend (He sells )
Elle vend ( She sells )
On vend ( We sell )
Nous vendons ( We sell )
Vous vendez ( You sell )
Ils vendent ( They sell )
Elles vendent ( They sell )

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(f)Conjugation of irregular verb“Mettre”( To put )in present tense
Je mets ( I put )
Tu mets ( You put )
Il met ( He put )
Elle met ( She put )
On met ( We put )
Nous mettons ( We put )
Vous mettez ( You put )
Ils mettent ( They put )
Elles mettent( They put )

(5)Conjugation of irregular verb“Peindre ”( Topaint)in present tense

Je peins ( I paint )
Tu peins ( You paint )
Il peint ( He paints )
Elle peint ( She paints )
On peint( We paint )
Nous peignons ( We paint )
Vous peignez ( YouPaint )
Ils peignent ( They paint )
Elles peignent ( They paint )

(6) (a)Conjugation of irregular verb“Vouloir ”( To want )in present tense

Je veux ( I want )
Tu veux ( You want )
Il veut (He wants )
Elle veut (She wants )
On veut (We want )
Nous voulons (We want )
Vous voulez ( You want )
Ils veulent ( They want )
Elles veulent ( They want )

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(b)Conjugation of irregular verb“Pouvoir ”( Can)in present tense
Je peux ( I can )
Tu peux (You can )
Il peut (He can )
Elle peut (She can )
On peut (We can )
Nous pouvons (We can )
Vous pouvez (You can )
Ils peuvent ( They can )
Elles peuvent ( They can )

(7) (a)Conjugation of irregular verb“Boire ”( To drink)in present tense

Je bois ( I drink )
Tu bois (You drink )
Il boit (He drinks)
Elle boit (She drinks)
On boit (We drink )
Nous buvons (We drink )
Vous buvez (You drink )
Ils boivent (They drink )
Elles boivent (They drink )

(b)Conjugation of irregular verb“Voir ”( To see)in present tense

Je vois ( I see )
Tu vois ( You see )
Il voit (He see )
Elle voit (She see )
On voit (We see )
Nous voyons ( We see )
Vous voyez (You see)
Ils voient (They see )
Elles voient ( They see )

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(c)Conjugation of irregular verb“Prévoir ”( To foresee)in present tense
Je prévois ( Iforesee )
Tu prévois ( Youforesee )
Il prévoit ( He foresees )
Elle prévoit ( She foresees )
On prévoit ( We foresee )
Nous prévoyons ( Weforesee)
Vous prévoyez ( Youforesee)
Ils prévoient ( Theyforesee )
Elles prévoient ( Theyforesee )
(8) Conjugation of irregular verb“Savoir”( To know)in present tense
Je sais ( I know )
Tu sais ( You know )
Il sait ( He knows )
Elle Sait ( She knows )
On sait ( We know )
Nous savons ( We know )
Vous savez ( You know )
Ils savent ( They know )
Elles savent ( They know )

(9) Conjugation of irregular verb“S'asseoir”( To sit)in present tense

Je m'assieds ( I sit )
Tu t' assieds ( you sit )
Il s'assied ( he sit )
Elle s'assied ( she sit)
On s'assied ( we sit )
Nous nous asseyons ( we sit )
Vous vous asseyez ( you sit )
Ils s' asseyent ( they sit )
Elles s' asseyent ( They sit )

(10) Conjugation of irregular verb“Devoir”(must)in present tense

Je dois ( I must )

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Tu dois ( Youmust )
Il doit ( Hemust )
Elles doit ( Shemust )
On doit ( Wemust )
Nous devons ( Wemust )
Vous devez ( Youmust)
Ils doivent ( Theymust )
Elles doivent (They must )
(11)Conjugation of irregular verb“Faire”( To do )in present tense
Je fais ( I do )
Tu fais (You do)
Il fait (He does )
Elle fait (She does)
On fait (We do)
Nous faisons (We do )
Vous faites (You do )
Ils font (They do) Masculine
Elles font (They do) Feminine

(12)Conjugation of irregular verb“Conduire”( To drive )in present tense

Je conduis ( I drive )
Tu conduis ( You drive )
Il conduit ( He drives )
Elle conduit ( She drives )
On conduit ( We drive )
Nous conduisons ( We drive )
Vous conduisez (You drive )
Ils conduisent ( They drive )
Elles conduisent ( They drive )

(13)Conjugation of irregular verb“Croire”( Tobelieve )in present tense

Je crois ( I believe )
Tu crois ( You believe )
Il croit ( He believes )

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Ells croit ( She believes )
On croit ( We believe )
Nous croyons ( We believe )
Vous croyez ( You believe )
Ils croient ( They believe )
Elles croient ( They believe )

(14) Conjugation of irregular verb“Connaitre”( Toknow )in present tense

Je connais ( I know )
Tu connais ( You know )
Il connait ( He knows )
Elle connait ( She knows )
On connait ( We know )
Nous connaissons ( We know )
Vous connaissez ( You know )
Ils connaissent ( They know )
Elles connaissent ( They know )

4.3. Vocabulaire :Décrire Une Famille (Vocabulary: Describing A Family)

En Anglais (In English) En Français (In French)

Mother Mère
Father Père
Grand parents Grand-parents
Paternal Grandfather Grand-père paternel
Paternal Grandmother Grand-mère paternelle
Maternal Grandmother Grand-mère maternelle
Maternal Grandfather Grand-père maternel
Husband Mari
Wife femme
Son Le Fils
Daughter La Fille
Brother Frère
Sister Sœur
Father in law/ Step father Beau-père
Step mother, Mother in law Belle-mère
Brother in law Beau frère
Sister in law Belle soeur
Male Cousin Cousin

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Female Cousin Cousine

Grandson (Son‘s Son) Petit-fils (fils du fils)
Grandson (Daughter‘s Son) Petit-fils (fils de fille)
Granddaughter (Son‘s Daughter) Petite-fille (fille du fils)
Granddaughter (Daughter‘s Daughter) Petite-fille (fille de fille)
Sister's Husband Le mari de la sœur
Sister‘s Son Le fils de sa sœur
Sister‘s Daughter(Niece) Nièce
Nephew Neveu
Father‘s Sister‘s Husband Le mari de la sœur du père
Uncle Oncle
Aunt Tante
Mother‘s Brother Le frère de mère
Mother‘s Brother‘ Wife La femme du frère de la mère
Mother‘s Sister Sœur de la mère
Mother‘s Sister‘s Husband Le mari de la Sœur de la mère
Brother's Wife La femme de frère
Brother‘s Son Le fils du frère
Brother‘s Daughter La Fille du frère
Son in Law Beau fils
Daughter in Law Belle-fille
Husband's Sister Soeur de mari
Husband's (younger) Brother Mari (plus jeune) frère
Husband's (younger) Brother's Wife Épouse du frère (plus jeune)
Wife's Sister La sœur de l'épouse
Wife‘s Brother Le frère de l'épouse

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Figure 1: The Gupta's Family

Savita Gupta Dinesh Gupta Pooja Goyal Vipin Goyal

(Grand Mother of (Grand Father of (Grand Mother of (Grand Father of
Subhash & Sarita and Subhash & Sarita and Subhash & Sarita and Subhash & Sarita and
Mother of Kavita & Father of Kavita & Mother of Rashmi Father of Rashmi Goyal
Sunil ) Sunil ) Goyal & Ramesh Goyal) & Ramesh Goyal)

Kavita Bansal Sunil Gupta Ramesh Goyal

(Sister of Sunil , (Son of Savita & Rashmi (Brother of
Daughter of Dinesh & Dinesh,Husband of (Wife of Sunil, Mother Rashmi,Uncle Subhash
Savita and Mother of Rashmi, Father of of Subhash & Sarita ) & Sarita and Father of
Jyoti & Nitin ) Subhash & Sarita ) Sandeep & Priya)

Jyoti Bansal Nitin Bansal Priya Goyal

Sarita Gupta Sandeep Goyal
(cousins’ Subhash (cousins’ Subhash Subhash Gupta (cousins’ of Subhash
(Doughter of Sunil (cousin of Subhash &
Gupta or Sarita Gupta Gupta or Sarita Gupta (Son of Sunil Gupta and Gupta or Sarita Gupta
Gupta and Rashmi Sarita and Son of
and daughter of Kavita and son of Kavita Rashmi Goyal) and Daughter of
Goyal) Ramesh Goyal
Bansal) Bansal) Ramesh Goyal

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Figure 2: La Famille Gupta's

Savita Gupta Dinesh Gupta Pooja Goyal Vipin Goyal

Mère de Sunil et Kavita Père de Sunil,et Kavita Mère de Rashmi, Père de Rashmi,
Grand-père de Subash Grand-mère de Grand-mère de Grand-père de
et Sarita Subash et Sarita Subash et Sarita Subash et Sarita

Kavita Bansal Sunil Gupta Rashmi Ramesh Goyal

Sœur de Sunil, Mari de Rashmi femme de Sunil Frère de Rashmi,
La fille de Savita et Père de Subash et Mère de Subash et Le fils de Pooja et
Dinesh Sarita Sarita Vipin

Nitin Bansal Subhash Gupta Sarita Gupta

Jyoti Bansal Sandeep Goyal Priya Goyal
Frère de Jyoti, Frère de Sarita,, Sœur de Subash
Sœur de Nitin , Frère de Priya, Sœur de Sandeep,
Le Fils de Kavita Le Fils de Sunit et La Fille de Sunit et
La fille de Kavita Le fils de Ramesh La fille de Ramesh
Rashmi Rashmi

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Describe your family (Les Guptas Famille):
1.Subhash Gupta et Sarita Gupta sont les enfants de Sunil et Rashmi.
( Subhash Gupta and Sarita Gupta are the children of Sunil and Rashmi)
2.Subash est le fils et Sarita est la fille de Sunil et Rashmi.
( Subhash is the son and Sarita is the daughter of Sunil and Rashmi.)
3. Sunil est le père et Rashmi est la mère de Subash et Sarita..
(Sunil is the father and Rashmi is the mother of Subash and Sarita.)
4. Subash est le frère de Sarita et Sarita est la soeur de Subash.
.(Subash is the brother of Sarita and Sarita is the sister of Subash.)
5.Sunil Gupta et Rashmi sont les parents de Subash et Sarita
.( SunilGupta and Rashmi are the parents of Subhash and Sarita )
6. Sunil Gupta et Kavita sont les enfants de Dinesh et Savita.
(SunilGupta and Kavita are the children of Dinesh and Savita )
7. Sunil est le frère de Kavita et Kavita est la soeur deSunil..
(Sunil is the brother of Kavita and Kavita is the sister of Sunil.)
8. Dinesh et Savita sont les parents de Sunil Gupta et Kavita.
(Dineshand Savitaare the parents of Sunil Gupta and Kavita )
9.Kavita est la tante de Subhash et Sarita et elle est la belle soeur de Rashmi.
(Kavita is the aunt of Subash and Sarita and sister-in-law of Rashmi.)
10.. Dinesh et Savita sont les Grand-parents paternal des enfants, Subhash et Sarita .
(Dinesh and Savitaare the paternal grand parents of Subash and Sarita).
11. Dinesh est le grand-père paternal and Savita est la Grand-mère paternelle des enfants,
Subhash et Sarita .
(Dinesh is the paternal grand father and Savitais the paternal grand mother of
children,Subash and Sarita).
12. Dinesh est le beau-père de Rashmi et Savita est la belle-mère de Rashmi.
(Dinesh is the father-in-law and Savitais the mother-in-law of Rashmi)
13.Rashmi est la belle fille de Dinesh et Savita..
(Rashmi is the daughter-in-law of Dineshand Savita)
14.Nitin et Jyoti sont les enfants de Kavita..
( Nitinand Jyoti are the children of Kavita)

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15.Nitin est le frère de Jyoti et Jyoti est la soeur de Nitin.
.(Nitin is the brother of Jyoti and Jyoti is the sister of Nitin.)
16.Nitin est le cousin de Subhash et Sarita.(Nitin is the cousin brother of Subash and
Sarita)
17.Jyoti est la cousine de Subhash et Sarita..(Jyoti is the cousin sister of Subash and
Sarita)
18. Dinesh et Savita sont les Grand-parents maternel des enfants, Nitin et Jyoti.
(Dinesh and Savitaare the maternal grand parents of Nitinand Jyoti.)
19.Pooja et Vipin sont les Grand-parents maternel des enfents Subash et Sarita; les
Grand-parents paternal des enfants Sandeep et Priya et les parents de Rashmi et Ramesh .
(Poojaand Vipin are the maternal grand parents of the children Subash and Sarita;paternal
grand parentsof Sandeep and Priya and parents of Rashmi and Ramesh.)
20. Vipin est le beau-père de Sunil et Pooja est la belle-mère de Sunil.
(Vipinis the father-in-law and Poojais the mother-in-law of Sunil)
21.Sunil est le beau frère de Ramesh.
(Sunil is the brother-in-law of Ramesh.)

4.4 NAME OF DAIRY PRODUCTS AND CEREALS IN FRENCH

Nom Des Porgaines Laitiers (Name of Dairy Products)

En Anglais (In English) En Français (In French)
le lait Milk
le fromage Cheese
le lait entier whole milk
le lait de vache cow‘s milk
le lait écrémé skimmed milk
le lait demi-écrémé semi-skimmed milk
le carton de lait milk carton
le lait condensé condensed milk
le lait de chèvre goat‘s milk
le fromage à crème cream cheese
le fromage à pâté soft cheese
le bleu blue cheese
le fromage à pâté semi-hard cheese

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le fromage râpé grated cheese
le fromage à pâté hard cheese
le fromage à pâté semi-molle semi-soft cheese
fromage blanc cottage cheese
le fromage frais fresh cheese
le beurre Butter
la crème Cream
la margarine Margarine
la crème allégée single cream
la crème épaisse double cream
la crème fouettée whipped cream
le yaourt Yoghurt
la glace ice-cream
le lait pasturisé pasteurized milk
le lait non-pasteurisé unpasteurized milk
le milk-shake Milkshake
le yaourt surgelé frozen yoghurt
le lait de brebis sheep‘s milk
le babeurre Buttermilk
le lactose Lactose
le lait homogénéisé homogenised milk
le lait en poudre powdered milk
sans matières grasses fat-free

Nom de cereals (Name of Cereals)

En Anglais (In English) En Français (In French)
Barley Groats Groats d‘orge
Broken Wheat Blé cassé
Buckwheat sarrasin
Chia Seeds graines de chia
Cornflakes flocons de maïs
Cracked Wheat blé concassé
Durum Wheat Blé dur
Flaked rice Riz en flocons
Macaroni Macaroni
Maize Maïs

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Millet Millet
Oat Avoine
Pearl Millet Millet De Perle
Pot Barley Orge mondé
Puffed rice / Rice Bubbles Riz soufflé
Ragi Ragi
Rice Riz
Rice Flakes Flocons de riz
Sago Sagou
Semolina La semoule
Sorghum Sorgho
Spelt Orthographié
Tapioca (Cassava)Starch Balls Boules d'amidon de tapioca (manioc)
Vermicelli Vermicelle

CHECK YOU PROGRESS – 1

1 .Write the Conjugation of irregular verbs : Venir & Aller
2. Write the name of the following relationship in French
Mother
Father
Grand Father
Grand Mother
Son
Daughter
Brother
Sister
Father-inlaw
Mother-in-law
Brother-in-law
Sister-in-law
Uncle
Aunty
3. Write the name of the following dairy products in French:
a. Yogurt
b. Cow‘s milk
c. Goat’s milk
d. Sheep’s milk

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e. Skimmed milk
f. Condensed milk
g. Pasteurized milk
4. Write the name of the following dairy products in English:
a. Lait
b. Beurre
c. Fromage
d. Crème
e. Crème fouetée
5.Write the name of the following cereals dairy products in French:
Barley Groats
Broken Wheat
Cornflakes
Cracked Wheat
Durum Wheat
Flaked rice
Maize

4.5 NEGATION
To make a sentence negative in French one has to use two negative terms. The first one is
"ne" (or "n' " if the word begins with a vowel) and the second most commonone is "pas"
or others like "plus", "rien", "jamais", "personne".In most cases for turning a positive
French sentence into a negative one, we add ―ne‖ before the verb and ―pas‖ after it. when
the verb starts with a vowel, we add ―n'‖before the verb. But in order to say ―never‖ or
―nobody‖or ―no more‖ we use "plus", "rien", "jamais", instead of "pas".
Je n‘aime pas le café -I don‘t like coffee
(ne + verb + pas formula.)
Je ne mange pas ce soir. -I don‘t eat tonight.
Vous ne venez pas demain. -You don‘t come tomorrow.
Je ne parle pas -I do not speak.

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4.6 ADJECTIFS DÉMONSTRATIFS (DEMONSTRATIVE

ADJECTIVES)
Demonstrative adjectives are used to indicate a specific noun or nouns. In French, they
agree with the noun(s) in number and gender.
In French there are three singular demonstrative adjectives.
1.Masculine: Ce (this, that)
It is used before a masculine singular noun beginning with a consonant.
2.Masculine in front of a vowel: Cet (this, that)
It is used before a masculine singular noun beginning with a vowel.
3.Feminine: Cette (this, that)
It is used before a feminine singular noun.
Par exemple:
Ce livre-This/That book
Cet homme- This/That man
Cette chaise- This/That chair
Je vais à cet hôtel- I‘m going to this hotel
Ce livre est très bon.- This/That book is very good
Je vais acheter cette chaise- I‘m going to buy this/that chair.
There is only one plural demonstrative adjective: Ces.(These/Those)
It is used before a masculine or feminine noun in the plural.
Ces chaises- those chairs
Je vais acheter ces chaises. -I am going to buy these/those chairs.

4.7 SIMPLE TRANSLATION

Subject-
Je- I
Tu- You
Il/Elle- He/She
Nous- We
Vous-You (Plural)
Ils/Elles- They (Plural)

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Rule for Making a sentence in French:
Subject + Verb + Objects
1- My Name is Roland Brunot.
Je m‘appelle Roland Brunot.
2-He is Vikalp Tripathi.
Il s‘appelle Vikalp Tripathi.
3- She is journalist
Elle est journaliste.
Some sentence start with there is/ there are (Il y a)
1- There is a boy in the room.
Il y a un garçondans la chamber.
2- There are some tables in the room.
Il y a des tables dans la chamber.
3-Voici
Here is/ Here are
4- Voila
There is/ There are
5- Le voici
Here he is.
6- La voici
Here she is.
7- Le voila
There he is
8- La voila
There She is
9- Les voila
There they are
10- Le garçon est jeune.
The boy is young.
11- L’homme est jeune.
The man is young

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12- Les femmes sont jeunes.
The women are young.
13- La petite fillle est intelligent.
The little girl is intelligent.
14- Three and six are nine.
Trois et six font neuf.
Où est means where is
Où sont means where are
1-Où est le garçon?
Where is the boy?
2-Où est la fille?
Where is the girl?
3-Où sont les cahiers?
Where are the notebooks?

4.8 (ORAL CONVERSATION)

Dialogue-1
Small Conversation between Waiter and client (In French)
Garçon- Bonjour, monsieur.
Ashish- Bonjour.
Garçon-Qu‘est-ce-que vous voulez?
Ashish-Je veux un café.
Garçon- Voila votre café, monsieur.
Ashish-Merci bien
Garçon- Derien.
(In English)
Waiter- Good Morning, Mr.
Ashish-Good Morning
Waiter- What do you want?
Ashish-Je want coffee .
Waiter- Here is your coffee

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Ashish-- Thank you very much
Waiter- You are welcome.

Dialogue-2
Small Conversation between Réceptionist and client (In French)
Réceptionnaire: Bon après midi, monsieur Gabriel.
M.Gabriel: Bon après midi, Où est ma voiture?
Réceptionnaire: Oui, monsieur. Regardez voila, il est votre chauffeur.
M.Gabriel: Merci bien, à bientôt.
Réceptionnaire: Bon voyage.
(In English)
Réceptionist: Good Afternoon, Gabriel sir.
M.Gabriel: Good Afternoon, where is my vehicle.
Réceptionist: Look at there, he is your driver.
M.Gabriel: Thank you, see you soon
Réceptionist: Happy journey

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Dialogue-3
Small Conversation between Receptionist and client on reception counter(In
French).
M. Raphael: Bonjour, Nous avons Deux reservation.
Réceptionnaire: Bonjour monsieur, A quel nom, s‘il vous plait?
M. Raphael: Raphael
Réceptionnaire: Pardon monsieur, pouvez vous épeler votre nom?
M. Raphael: R, A, P, H, A, E, L
Réceptionnaire: Un instant, s‘il vous plait! c'est correct. Deux chamber pour quatre nuits.
M. Raphael: Oui, Nous avons besoin de la pièce.
Réceptionnaire: Bien, Vous avez la chamber au dernier étage
(In English)
M. Raphael: Good Morning, we have two reservations.
Réceptionist: Good Morning sir, name, please?
M. Raphael: Raphael
Réceptionist: Excuse me sir, can you spell your name please?
M. Raphael: R, A, P, H, A, E, L
Réceptionist: An instant, please! This is correct, two rooms for four nights
M. Raphael: Yes, we need peaceful room.
Réceptionist: Ok, You have the room on Second floor.

Dialogue-4
Small Conversation between Receptionist and client(In French).
M. Georges: Bonjour, parlez vous anglais?
Réceptionnaire: Bonjour monsieur, Oui, Je parle anglais, Peux je vous aider?
M. Georges: Je voudrais deux chambre, pour deux homme.
Réceptionnaire: Avez Vous une reservation?
M. Georges: Non
Réceptionnaire: Combien de jour est-ce que vous voulez rester?
M. Georges: Trois Jours.
Réceptionnaire: Bien

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M. Georges: Quel est le prix?
Réceptionnaire: 6000 Rs plus les taxes, pour trois jours.
M. Georges: D‘accord
(In English)
M. Georges: Good Morning, are you speaking English.
Réceptionist: Good Morning sir, Yes, I speaking English. May I help you?
M. Georges: I want two rooms for two men.
Réceptionist: Have you reservation.
M. Georges: No
Réceptionist: For how many days you want to stay?
M. Georges: Three Days
Réceptionist: Ok.
M. Georges: What is the price ( How many rupees we have to pay)?
Réceptionist: 6000 Rs with tax, for three days.
M. Georges: Agreed.

Dialogue-5
Conversationfor Booking anAir Ticket(In French).
M. Utkarsh: Bonsoir, Je m’appelle Utkarsh.
Employé: Bonsoir monsieur, Ce qui peut je faire pour vous?
M. Utkarsh: J'aime réserver une place sur un avion de Delhi à Paris.
Employé: Quelle date et quelle heure, s'il vous plaît ?
M. Utkarsh: Je voudrais voyager le 15 Mars, le soir.
Employé: Dans quelle la classe voulez-vous voyager des affaires ou une économie ?
M. Utkarsh: Je voudrais la classe d'affaires avec la place de fenêtre
Employé: Tiendrez-vous, s'il vous plaît ? Oui, il y a le vol direct de Delhi à Paris.
M. Utkarsh: D‘accord, merci beaucoup
Employé: Derien
(In English)
M. Utkarsh: Good evening, myself Utkarsh.
Employee: What can i do for you?
M. Utkarsh: I like to book a seat on a plane from delhi to paris

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Employee: What date and what time, please?
M. Utkarsh: I would like to travel on 15th March, in the evening.
Employee: In which class do you want to travel business or economy?
M. Utkarsh: I would like business class with window seat
Employee: Will you hold, please?Yes there is direct flight from delhi to paris.
M. Utkarsh: Agree, Thanks
Employee: You are welcome

CHECK YOU PROGRESS – II

1-Change the following sentences in to negative sentences:
I. Je travaille.
II. J‘ai trent ans.
III. Je suis libre.
IV. Je connais bien.
V. Je veux manger.
VI. La maison est grande.
VII. Je veux aller au cinéma.

2- Fill the blank with demonstrative adjectives.

A )Je n‘aime pas -----femme.
B) Il n‘aime pas ----- garçon.
C ) ----- homme est grand .
D )Il n‘aime pas ------ patalon.

3-Translate following sentences in to French:

a. My name is Utkarsh verma.
b. I can speak French language.
c. I love you.
d. Jyoti is a beautiful and intelligent girl.
e. Rishikesh is a good boy.

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4-Translate following sentences in to English:
I. Je deteste vous.
II. Il s‘appelle shalu pandey
III. Pooja et Vipin sont les Grand-parents maternel des enfents Subash et Sarita
IV. Vipin est le beau-père de Sunil et Pooja est la belle-mère de Sunil.
V. Sunil est le beau frère de Ramesh.

4.9 GLOSSARY
IRREGULAR VERBS: They are the third group of verb and it includes all those
verbsending with -ir ,-oir and -re ,which don't follow a set pattern of conjugation.

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES: They are used to indicate a specific noun or

nouns. In French, they agree with the noun(s) in number and gender.

4.10 ANSWER TO CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Check you Progress - 1

1. See 4.2

2.See 4.3

3.See 4.4

4.See 4.4

5.See 4.4

Check you Progress - 2

1. See 4.5

2. See 4.6

3. See 4.7

4.See 4.7

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4.11 REFERENCE / BIBLIOGRAPHY/SUGGESTED READINGS

 Batchelor ,R.E and Offord, M.H., Using French, Press Syndicate of Cambridge:
The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge .
 Bhattacharya, S.,(2005), French for Hotel Management & Tourism Industry,
Frank Bros. & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., New Delhi
 Catherine Lobo & Sonali Jadhav ,, Basic French Course for The Hotel Industry
 François Makowski,(2000), French made easy, Goyal Publishers (P) Ltd. Delhi.
 Jenny Ollerenshaw and Stephanie Rybak (2003), Breakthrough French 3,
Palgrave Machmillan Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.
 Larousse (2011),A Complete French Grammar.
 Larousse Compact Dictionary: French-English/ English-French.
 Mauger,G., and Bruézière(1980), Le français et la vie,The French Book
Centre,New Delhi.
 Mauger,G.,Cours de Langue et de Civilisation Françaises,Hachette,paris
 Philippe Dominique, Michéle Verdelhan and Michel Verdelhan(1982) ,Sans
Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 & Part 2 ,CLE INTERNATIONAL,Paris
and f b c,,New Delhi.
 Philippe Dominique, Jacky Girardet, Michéle Verdelhan and Michel
Verdelhan(1999) ,Le Nouveau Sans Frontiers: Méthode De Français, Part 1 &
Part 2 ,CLE INTERNATIONAL,Paris and GOYL SaaB,Delhi.
 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 1, Palgrave Machmillan
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.
 Stephanie Rybak,(2003), Breakthrough French 2, Palgrave Machmillan
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire,UK.
 Talukdar,A.,(2006), Parlez a’ I’ hotel!, Aman Publications , Delhi.
Websites:
https://www.lawlessfrench.com/grammar/)
https://www.frenchconjugation.com/verbs/
https://www.frenchtoday.com
https://frenchtogether.com/french-adjectives/

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4.12 TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1- Describe your family members explaining the relationship.
2- Write ten dairy products and ten cereals in French.
3- What is demonstrative adjective? Define with appropriate example.
4- Present aconversation between the client and hotel staff.

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