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1.2 Structure of Matter Part 2

This document provides an overview of separation of mixtures through distillation and crystallization, as well as properties of matter. It describes how distillation works by taking advantage of differences in volatility between components to separate a salt solution into salt and water. Crystallization is explained as relying on differences in solubility, dissolving a mixture at high heat and allowing specific components to crystallize out upon cooling. The document also defines physical properties as those that can be observed without changing a substance's composition, and chemical properties as a substance's ability to undergo chemical reactions. It distinguishes between extensive properties that vary with amount and intensive properties that do not.

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49 views9 pages

1.2 Structure of Matter Part 2

This document provides an overview of separation of mixtures through distillation and crystallization, as well as properties of matter. It describes how distillation works by taking advantage of differences in volatility between components to separate a salt solution into salt and water. Crystallization is explained as relying on differences in solubility, dissolving a mixture at high heat and allowing specific components to crystallize out upon cooling. The document also defines physical properties as those that can be observed without changing a substance's composition, and chemical properties as a substance's ability to undergo chemical reactions. It distinguishes between extensive properties that vary with amount and intensive properties that do not.

Uploaded by

premsanjith subramani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CM1417

Fundamentals of chemistry

Structure of Matter
Part 2

Available at NUS Co-op @ Forum !!


1
Learning Objectives

 describe the methods of separation of mixtures,


distillation and crystallization.
 Identify the properties of matter.

2
Separation of mixtures - Distillation
• Distillation works with the difference
in the volatility of the components.

• The most volatile component boils


first and is condensed back to a liquid
in the water cooled condenser.

• The apparatus shows the separation


of salt solution into salt and water.

• Water collects in the receiver and salt


remains in the round bottomed flask.

3
Crystallization
• It works with the difference in the
solubility of the components.

• The mixture is dissolved in a given


solvent at higher temperatures.

• Then allowed to cool slowly.

• The least soluble components


crystallizes out.

• The crystals are separated


by filtration.
4
Properties of Matter

• Substances are identified by their properties.


• They are of two types- Physical and Chemical properties.
• Physical properties are characteristics that a scientist can measure
without changing the composition of the sample.
Eg: Mass, Color, Melting point.
• Chemical properties describe the characteristic ability of a substance to
react to form a new substance.
Eg: Hydrogen burns in oxygen to form water

5
Intensive and Extensive properties

• Physical properties can be Extensive or Intensive.

• Extensive Properties – Vary with amount of the substance


- include mass, weight and volume
- convey information about the
amount of substance
• Intensive Properties - do not vary with amount of substance
- include color, melting point, boiling point
- convey the substance’s identity

6
Sample problem:
The diagram in (a) shows a compound made up of atoms of two
elements (represented by the green and red spheres) in the liquid state.

Which of the diagrams in (b) to (d) represent a physical change, and


which diagrams represent a chemical change?
Strategy
A physical change does not change the identity of a substance, whereas a
chemical change does change the identity of a substance.

Solution
Diagrams (b) and (c) represent chemical changes. Diagram (d)
represents a physical change.
Sample problem:
The scenes below represent atomic –scale views of samples of matter.
Describe each sample as an element, compound or mixture.

Atoms of an element

Molecules of an element

Molecules of an compound

Mixture of two elements and a compound


9

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