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    Rule 112 Preliminary Investigation

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    Jonard Salazar
    This document summarizes Rule 112 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure regarding preliminary investigations in the Philippines. It outlines when preliminary investigations are required, who is authorized to conduct them, the procedures that must be followed, and resolutions or warrants that can be issued based on their findings. The rule defines preliminary investigations as non-adversarial in nature and requiring only probable cause that a crime was committed to initiate criminal proceedings. It grants prosecutors the authority to conduct investigations and issue resolutions, subject to review by the Department of Justice.

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    Rule 112 Preliminary Investigation

    Uploaded by

    Jonard Salazar
    84 views3 pages
    This document summarizes Rule 112 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure regarding preliminary investigations in the Philippines. It outlines when preliminary investigations are required, who is authorized to conduct them, the procedures that must be followed, and resolutions or warrants that can be issued based on their findings. The rule defines preliminary investigations as non-adversarial in nature and requiring only probable cause that a crime was committed to initiate criminal proceedings. It grants prosecutors the authority to conduct investigations and issue resolutions, subject to review by the Department of Justice.

    Original Title

    RULE-112-PRELIMINARY-INVESTIGATION (1)

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    This document summarizes Rule 112 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure regarding preliminary investigations in the Philippines. It outlines when preliminary investigations are required, who is authorized to conduct them, the procedures that must be followed, and resolutions or warrants that can be issued based on their findings. The rule defines preliminary investigations as non-adversarial in nature and requiring only probable cause that a crime was committed to initiate criminal proceedings. It grants prosecutors the authority to conduct investigations and issue resolutions, subject to review by the Department of Justice.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    84 views3 pages

    Rule 112 Preliminary Investigation

    Uploaded by

    Jonard Salazar
    This document summarizes Rule 112 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure regarding preliminary investigations in the Philippines. It outlines when preliminary investigations are required, who is authorized to conduct them, the procedures that must be followed, and resolutions or warrants that can be issued based on their findings. The rule defines preliminary investigations as non-adversarial in nature and requiring only probable cause that a crime was committed to initiate criminal proceedings. It grants prosecutors the authority to conduct investigations and issue resolutions, subject to review by the Department of Justice.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    RULE 112 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

    I. Definition, Nature and Objective (Sec. 1, Rule 112)


    1. Bautista vs. CA, 330 SCRA 618
    2. Callo-Claridad vs. Esteban, G.R. No. 191567, Mar. 20, 2013
    3. Sec. Delima vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 209330 Jan, 11, 2016
    4. Estrada vs. Office of the Ombudsman, G.R. No. 212140-40, Jan. 21, 2015
    5. Ledesma vs. CA, 278 SCRA 656
    6. Duterte vs. Sandiganbayan, 289 SCRA 721
    7. Webb v. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652 (1995)

    A. When required (Sec. 1, Rule 112)


    1. Tabujara III vs. People, 570 SCRA 229
    2. Duterte vs. Sandiganbayan, 289 SCRA 721
    3. Ocampo vs. Abando, G.R. No. 76830, Feb. 11, 2014
    4. Callo-Claridad vs. Esteban, G.R. No. 191567, Mar. 20, 2013
    5. Uy vs. Javellana, A.M. No. MTJ-07-1666, Sep. 5, 2012
    6. Conquilla vs. Judge Bernardo, A.M. No. MTJ-09-1737, Feb. 9, 2011
    7. Webb v. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652 (1995)

    B. Quantum of evidence required


    1. Webb v. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652 (1995)
    2. NBI - Microsoft Corporation vs. Hwang, G.R. No. 147043, June 21, 2005
    3. Estrada vs. Office of the Ombudsman, G.R. No. 212140-40, Jan. 21, 2015
    4. Delima vs. Guerrero, G.R. No. 229781, Oct. 10, 2017
    5. Maza vs. Turla, G.R. No. 187094, Feb. 15, 2017

    C. Preliminary Investigation vs. Preliminary Examination (Section 6, Rule 112)


    1. Webb v. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652 (1995)
    2. Mendoza vs. People, G.R. No.197293, Apr. 21, 2014
    3. People vs. Borje, G.R. Noooooo170046, Dec. 10, 2014

    II. Officers Authorized to Conduct Preliminary Investigation (Sec. 2 and 5, Rule 112)
    A. Provincial, City Prosecutors and their Assistants, National and Regional
    State Prosecutors. (A.M. No. 05-8-26-SC, October 3, 2005 removed the
    Conduct of Preliminary Investigation from Judges of the First Level
    Courts). Their authority to conduct preliminary investigations shall
    include all crimes cognizable by the proper court in their respective
    territorial jurisdictions.

    1 Mangila vs. Pangilinan, G.R. No. 160739, 17 July 2013


    2. Conquilla vs. Judge Bernardo, A.M. No. MTJ-09-1737, Feb. 9, 2011
    3. Alawiya vs. Datumanong, 585 SCRA 267
    4. Yambot vs. Armovit, 565 SCRA 177

    B. Other persons authorized by law


    i. Ombudsman and his Deputies, Office of the Special Prosecutor, under
    R.A. No. 6670
    1. Sistoza vs. Desierto, 388 SCRA 307
    ii. PCGG, under E.O. Nos. 1 and 14
    1. Cojuangco v. PCGG, 190 SCRA 226 (1990)
    iii. COMELEC, in cases involving election offense
    1. People v. Inting, 187 SCRA 788
    2. Arroyo vs. DOJ, et al., G.R. Nos. 199082, Sep. 18, 2012
    iv. Special counsels designated by the SOJ or panel of the investigating
    prosecutors
    1. Honasan II vs. The Panel of Investigating Prosecutors of the
    DOJ, 427 SCRA 46
    v. Securities Regulation Code, R.A. No. 8799
    1. SEC v. Interport Resources Corp., G.R. No. 135808, Oct, 6,
    2008

    C. Procedure (Sec. 3, Rule 112)


    1. Complainant’s Affidavit; Requisites
    2. Filing of Respondent’s Counter-Affidavit
    3. Actions of the Investigating Officer
    4. Periods for disposing cases
    5. Necessity of Hearing

    i. Estrada vs. Office of the Ombudsman, G.R. Nos. 212140-41, Jan.


    21, 2015
    ii. Ocampo vs. Abando, G.R. No. 176830, February 11, 2014
    iii. Callo-Claridad vs. Esteban, Supra.
    iv. Artillero vs. Casimero, G.R. No. 190569, Apr, 24, 2012
    v. Soriano vs. Casanova, 486 SCRA 431
    vi. Ladlad vs. Velasco, 523 SCRA 318

    D. Resolution of Investigating Prosecutor and its Review (Sec. 4)


    1. Probable Cause, Definition
    2. Nature of Probable Cause
    3. Preparation of the Resolution and Information
    a. Requirement of Certification
    4. Remedies from the Resolution of the Investigating Prosecutor
    a. DOJ authority over Prosecutors
    b. Suspension of Proceedings Pending Appeal to DOJ
    c. Judicial Review of the Resolution
    d. Remedy to Adverse Resolution of the Secretary of the Department
    of Justice
    5. Authority of the Court upon filing of the Information
    i. Delima vs. Reyes, supra
    ii. Estrada vs. Office of the Ombudsman, Supra.
    iii. Tolentino vs. Paqueo, Jr., 523 SCRA 377
    iv. Asetre vs. Asetre, 584 SCRA 471
    v. Guy vs. Asia United Bank, 534 SCRA 703
    vi. Crespo vs. Mogul, supra
    vii. Ledesma v. CA, supra.
    viii. Alawiya vs. Datumanong, supra
    ix. Community Rural Bank of Guimba (N.E.) v. Talavera,
    supra.

    See also: (a) DOJ authority over Chief Prosecutors Sec. 39, 1987
    Administrative Code
    (b) DOJ Circular No. 27 (2022 NPS Rule on Appeal)
    (c) DOJ Circular 279 dated June 30, 2022 re: Uniform
    Implementation of Sec. 1, par. 2 of Rule 112 of
    Criminal Procedure on Preliminary Investigation
    (d) DOJ Circular No. 004, Jan. 4, 2017 (Automatic Review
    of Dismissed Cases Involving R.A. No. 9165)
    (e) DOJ Circular No. 027, DOJ will now review appeals
    on resolutions of the Prosecutor General in cases

    Page 2 of 3
    referred by government agencies and provincial
    prosecutors in cases cognizable by regional trial courts
    (f) R.A. No. 7438 (An Act Defining Certain Rights of
    Persons Arrested, Detained or Under Custodial
    Investigation as well as the Duties of the Arresting,
    Detaining and Investigating Officers and Providing
    Penalties for Violations Thereof) DOJ Circular No. 61
    (Inquest Procedures)

    E. Records (Sec. 8, Rule 112)


    i. People vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R No. 144159, 29 September 2004
    ii. Okabe vs. Gutierrez, G.R. No. 150185, 27 May 2004
    iii. People vs. Grey, et al., G.R. No. 180109, 26 July 2010

    III. When Warrant of Arrest May Issue (Sec. 5, Rule 112)


    1. Warrant of Arrest, Definition
    2. Who may issue Warrant of Arrest
    3. Procedure for Issuance
    i. Pestillos vs. Generoso, G.R. No. 182601, Nov. 10, 2014
    ii. Hao v. People, G.R. No. 183345, Sep, 17, 2014
    iii. Mendoza v. People, supra.
    iv. Marcos vs. Cabrera-Faller, A.M. No. RTJ-16-2427, Jan. 24,
    2017
    v. Soliven vs. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393
    vi. Ribaya vs. Binamira-Parcia, 456 SCRA 107

    IV. When Accused Lawfully Arrested Without Warrant (Sec. 6, Rule 112)
    1. Inquest Proceeding, Concept
    2. Procedure in Inquest Proceeding
    3. Requisites for asking preliminary investigation

    i. Ladlad vs. Velasco, G.R. Nos. 172070-72, 172074-76, 175013,


    June 1, 2007
    ii. De Castro vs. Fernandez, Jr., G.R. No. 155041, Feb. 14, 2007

    V. Cases Not Requiring Preliminary Investigation nor Covered by the Rule on


    Summary Procedure (Sec. 9, Rule 112)
    1. Borlongan, Jr. vs. Pena, 538 SCRA 221
    2. Tabujara vs. People, 570 SCRA 229 4.
    3. Sangguniang Bayan of Batac vs. Albano, 260 SCRA 561

    Page 3 of 3

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