Department: Psychology

Course Title: Psychometrics and Scale Development

Course Code:
Pre-requisite: Nil
Credit Hours: 06
Objectives
• To acquaint the students with essentials of psychological testing.
• To enable them to understand the basics concepts of validity and reliability
• To give understanding about the construction of a test and the process of item analysis
Learning outcomes
At the completion of this course the students will be able to:
 demonstrate theoretical and practical knowledge of psychological testing and test
construction.
 Understand the major theoretical basis for Psychological tests construction,
administration and interpretation.
Course Outline
Introduction and history of psychometrics
Definition and nature of psychometrics, Difference between measurement, testing,
assessment and evaluation. Ethical, legal and professional issues in assessment Historical
development
Reliability and Validity
Concept of reliability, Types and measurement of reliability
Standard error of measurement
VALIDITY
Meaning and purpose, Types and assessment of validity Standard error of estimate
Test norms
Definition and types of norms, Development of norms, Within group norms, Norm
referenced test vs. criterion reference tests
Test Construction and Standardization
Different taxonomies of test development
Steps of test development, Types of items, General guidelines for writing item,
Approaches of item writing
Item Analysis
Types of item analysis, Item difficulty index, item discrimination index, Item response
theory, item characteristics curve
Project
Construction of an achievement test (objective type, MCQs): school level
Recommended books/reference material
 Miller, L.A., Lovler, R.L., &Mclntire, S.A. (2013). Foundation of Psychological
Testing: A practical Approach. 4th edition. Sage publications, USA
 Anastassi, A., & Urbina, S. (1997). Psychological testing (7th ed.). New York:
Prentice-Hall Inc.
  Riaz, M.N (2008). Test Construction: Development and Standardization of
Psychological Tests in Pakistan. Islamabad: Higher Education Commision.
 Gregory, R. J. (2004). Psychological testing: History, principles, and applications.
Allyn & Bacon.
Department: Psychology
Course Title: Clinical Psychology
Pre-requisite: Nil
Credit Hours: 03
Course Objectives
 To provide students an opportunity to have theoretical as well as practical knowledge
of Clinical Psychology
 To help students gain an understanding of the diagnostic and assessment procedures
in Clinical Psychology
 To help students understand models and intervention techniques of Clinical
Psychology
Course Outcome
At the completion of the course, the student will be able to:
 differentiate Clinical Psychology with other fields
 understand the diagnostic and assessment procedures in Clinical Psychology
 understand models and intervention techniques used by a Clinical Psychologist
Course Contents
Introduction
Historical background
Allied fields: Counseling, Health Psychology, Neuropsychology
Characteristics of a clinical psychologist
Research in Clinical Psychology
Design in Clinical Research
Ethics in Clinical research
On Becoming a Clinical Psychologist
Characteristics of effective clinical psychologist
Role & responsibilities of a clinical psychologist
Personal values of clinical psychologist
Professional Ethics
Assessment in Clinical Settings
How to conduct clinical interview/ case history
 Mental Status Examination
Diagnostic assessment: Use of tests, scales and inventories
Behavior Therapy
Introduction to behavior therapy
Operationally defining, observing and recording behavior
Functional analysis/ABC model
Introduction, rationale, procedure, clinical applications and demonstration of behavior
techniques: Reinforcement, Differential reinforcement, Chaining, Shaping, Prompting and
fading, Modeling, Extinction, Punishment, Stimulus control / discrimination and
generalization; Token economy; activity schedule / mastery & pleasure/graded task
assignment, Relaxation exercise, Thought stopping, systematic desensitization,
Assertiveness training, Exposure therapy, Covert assertion, Covert sensitization
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Introduction to cognitive behaviour therapy
Basic principles in cognitive behavior therapy
Techniques of cognitive behaviour therapy
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy
Introduction to Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Healthy and unhealthy negative feelings in REBT
Cognitive techniques in REBT: Disputing and its types, Rational Coping Statements,
Modeling, Referencing, Cognitive Homework, Proselytizing, Reframing, Stop and Monitor
Emotive/Experiential techniques in REBT: Rational Emotive Imagery, Forceful Coping
Statements, Role Playing and Reverse Role Playing, Humor, Encounter Exercises
Behavioral techniques in REBT: Reinforcements and Penalties, Shame Attacking
Exercises, Skill Training, Paradoxical Homework, Relapse Prevention, In Vivo
Desensitization
Recommended Books
 Edelstein, M. R. & Steele, D. R. (1997).Three minute therapy: Change your thinking,
change your life.UK: Sussex Publishers.
 Edi, G. M. R. (2010). Clinician's guide to posttraumatic stress disorder. NJ: Wiley.
 Edi, J. M. G. (2010). Handbook of clinical neuropsychology. UK: Oxford University
Press.
 Edi, N. K. (2010). Cognitive and behavioral theories in clinical practice. NY: The
 Guilford Press.
 Ellis, A., &Maclaren, C., (1998). Rational emotive behavior therapy: A therapist’s
guide. USA: Impact Publishers.
 Ellis, A., &Becker, M.I. (1982).A guide to personal happiness. USA: Melvin Powers.
 Falender, C. A. (2012). Getting the most out of clinical training and supervision.
Washington: American Psychological Association.
 Goldstein, L. H. (2013). Clinical neuropsychology (2nd ed.). UK: Wiley Blackwell.
 Jongsma, A. E. &  Peterson, L. M. (2006).The complete adult psychotherapy
treatment planner (Practice Planners). NJ: Wiley.
 Kewley, G. (2011). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (3rd ed.). UK: Routledge.
 Kramer, G. P., Bernstein, D. A., &  Phares, V. (2008). Introduction to clinical
psychology (7th ed.). NY: Prentice Hall.
 Miltenberger, R . (1997). Behavior modification: Principles and procedures. U.S.A:
Brooks/Cole publishing Company
 Shorvon, S. (2010).Handbook of epilepsy treatment (3rd ed.). UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
 Sink, C. (2011). Mental health interventions for school counselor. Australia:
Brooks/Cole.
 Spiegler, M.D. &Guevremont, D.C. (1998).Contemporary behavior therapy(3rded.).
USA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company