The document introduces PSTricks, an add-on package for LaTeX that extends its capabilities for drawing by providing functions to generate graphs and pictures using PostScript; it describes how to compile documents using PSTricks and provides examples of using PSTricks commands to draw basic shapes like circles and lines, as well as more advanced objects like grids and different types of dots.
The document introduces PSTricks, an add-on package for LaTeX that extends its capabilities for drawing by providing functions to generate graphs and pictures using PostScript; it describes how to compile documents using PSTricks and provides examples of using PSTricks commands to draw basic shapes like circles and lines, as well as more advanced objects like grids and different types of dots.
The document introduces PSTricks, an add-on package for LaTeX that extends its capabilities for drawing by providing functions to generate graphs and pictures using PostScript; it describes how to compile documents using PSTricks and provides examples of using PSTricks commands to draw basic shapes like circles and lines, as well as more advanced objects like grids and different types of dots.
The document introduces PSTricks, an add-on package for LaTeX that extends its capabilities for drawing by providing functions to generate graphs and pictures using PostScript; it describes how to compile documents using PSTricks and provides examples of using PSTricks commands to draw basic shapes like circles and lines, as well as more advanced objects like grids and different types of dots.
Because PSTricks is based on PostScript, we can not use the program
pdfLaTeX to compile. You have to use the program dvips. If you are using the editor TexMaker, set the run/build option as: Options → Configure TexMaker → Quick Build → LaTeX+dvips+ps2pdf+ViewPDF.
Include the package ‘pstricks’ in the preamble of the document.
\ d o c u m e n t c l a s s [ 1 1 p t ] { book } \ usepackage { p s t r i c k s } \ b e g i n { document }
\ begin { p s p i c t u r e }(0 , 0)(3 ,3)
\ p s c i r c l e [ l i n e s t y l e =s o l i d ] ( 2 , 2 ) { 1 } \ end { p s p i c t u r e }
\ end { document }
The command ‘\begin{pspicture}(m0,n0)(m1, n1)’ sets aside space in coordinate system with lower-left corner (m0, n0) (by default (0, 0)) and upper-right corner (m1, n1).
Some general rules regarding the use of arguments/parameters.
The compulsory arguments are specified in curly braces { }. The optional arguments/parameters are specified in square braces [ ]. Parenthesis ( ) are used for co-ordinates (separated by commas). ‘=’ (equal to) symbol is used to specify arguments/parameters value.
Observe the above rules for the command
‘\pscircle[linestyle=solid](2,2){1}’ that generates a circle with center (2, 2), radius 1 units and with solid boundary.
where (x1, y1), (x2, y2) are the coordinates of opposite corners of the grid. The horizontal labels are positioned at the positions (x0, ∗) and vertical labels at the positions (∗, y 0). If (x0, y 0) is not specified then (x1, y 1) is used for labeling purpose. 3
2 \ begin { p s p i c t u r e }(0 , 0)(3 ,3) \ psgrid (0 ,0)(3 ,3) \ end { p s p i c t u r e } 1
Grid One can also customize a grid using different parameters and their possible values, which are given in the following table:
Parameter Description Parameter Possible Values
gridcolor Color of grid lines red, green, gray, ... etc. griddots Specify number of dots per division 1, 2, 3, ... gridlabelcolor Specify color of grid labels red, green, blue, ... subgriddiv Specify number of sub grid subdivisions 1, 2, 3, ... gridlabels Size of labels 1pt, 2pt, 3pt, ... gridwidth The width of grid lines/dots 1pt, 2pt, 3pt, ...
where par1, par2,..., par3 and val1, val2, ..., val3 specify parameter names and their corresponding values. The pairs (x1, y1)(x2, y2) ... (x3, y3) specifies the coordinates where the dots are to be drawn. Different parameters and their possible values are given in the following table:
Parameter Description Parameter Possible Values
dotstyle Specify dot type *, +, o, square, square*, triangle, triangle*, diamond, diamond* etc. fillcolor Specify center fill color of a dot red, green, blue, gray, ... dotsize Specify size of dot 1, 2, 3, ...
\ p s s e t { x u n i t =0.7cm , y u n i t =0.7cm} 3 u u \ p s g r i d [ s u b g r i d d i v =1 , g r i d d o t s = 4 ] ( 0 , 0 ) ( 3 , 3 ) \ p s d o t s [ d o t s t y l e =+](1 , 1 ) ( 2 , 1 ) ( 3 , 1 ) 2 ut ut ut \ p s d o t s [ d o t s t y l e= t r i a n g l e ] ( 1 , 2 ) ( 2 , 2 ) ( 3 , 2 ) \ p s d o t s [ d o t s t y l e= t r i a n g l e ∗ ] ( 1 , 3 ) ( 2 , 3 ) 1 \ end { p s p i c t u r e } + + + 0 0 1 2 3
where par1, par2,..., par3 and val1, val2, ..., val3 specify parameter names and their corresponding values. The argument arrows specifies the type of arrows. (x1, y1), (x2, y2) are the starting and ending points of the line.
Parameter Description Possible Values
linewidth Specify line width 1pt, 2pt, 3pt, ... linecolor Specify line color red, green, blue, gray, ... arrows Specify arrows ↔, ←, →, | - |, ... linearc Radius of arcs drawn at the corner of lines 1, 2, 3, ...
To draw a collection of line segments, connected end to end, use the following command:
3 \ begin { p sp i c t u re }(4 ,4) \ p s g r i d [ s u b g r i d d i v =1 , g r i d d o t s = 4 ] ( 0 , 0 ) ( 4 , 4 ) \ p s l i n e (0 , 0 ) ( 2 , 1) 2 \ p s l i n e [ l i n e w i d t h =1p t ]{<−>}(0, 2 ) ( 3 , 2 ) \ p s l i n e [ l i n e w i d t h =2p t ]{<−>}(2, 0 ) ( 4 , 2 ) (2 , 4 ) ( 0 , 3) 1 \ end { p s p i c t u r e }
The above command draws a circle of radius r with center (x, y ). The possible parameters and their values are same, as those of \psline. 4
3 \ begin { p sp i c t u re }(4 ,4) \ p s g r i d [ s u b g r i d d i v =1 , g r i d d o t s = 4 ] ( 0 , 0 ) ( 4 , 4 ) 2 \ p s c i r c l e [ l i n e c o l o r =g r e e n ] ( 2 , 2 ){ 2 } \ p s c i r c l e ∗ [ l i n e w i d t h =1p t ] ( 2 , 2 ) { 1 } \ end { p s p i c t u r e } 1
PSTricks provides the macros ‘psellipse’ and ‘psellipse*’ to draw a hollow ellipse and a filled ellipse respectively. The general syntax for this macro is:
The above command draws an ellipse with r 1 and r 2 as horizontal and vertical radii respectively and center (x, y ). The possible parameters and their values are same, as those of \psline. 3
2 \ begin { p sp i c t u re }(3 ,3) \ p s g r i d [ s u b g r i d d i v =1 , g r i d d o t s = 4 ] ( 0 , 0 ) ( 3 , 3 ) \ p s e l l i p s e [ l i n e w i d t h =1p t ] ( 1 . 5 , 1 . 5 ) ( 1 . 5 , 1 ) 1 \ end { p s p i c t u r e }
PSTricks provides the macros ‘put’ and ‘rput’ to put a label at a specified location. The general syntax is:
\put(x, y){text}
\rput{A}(x, y){text}
where (x, y) is the point where the label ‘text’ is to be putted. In ‘rput’ macro, A specifies the angle at which the label is to be rotated.
(3, 3) 3
\ begin { p sp i c t u re }(3 ,3) 2
2) \ p s g r i d [ s u b g r i d d i v =1 , g r i d d o t s = 4 ] ( 0 , 0 ) ( 3 , 3 )
(2, \ r p u t { 3 0 } ( 1 , 1 ) { ( 1 , 1 )} \ r p u t { 6 0 } ( 2 , 2 ) { ( 2 , 2 )} 1 \ r p u t { 9 0 } ( 3 , 3 ) { ( 3 , 3 )} 1) (1, \ end { p s p i c t u r e } 0 0 1 2 3
where the co-ordinates (x, y), (x1, y1), (x2, y2) define the intersection point of axes, lower-left corner and upper-right corner, respectively, of the co-ordinate system. The possible arrows type, parameters and their values are same, as those of \psline.
y 2
\ begi n { p s p i c t u r e }( −1.5 , − 1 . 5 ) ( 2 . 5 , 2 . 5 ) 1 \ p s a x e s [ l i n e c o l o r =g r a y , l i n e w i d t h =0.5 p t ]{ −} ( 0 , 0)( −1 , −1)(2 , 2 ) \ put ( 2 . 3 , −0.1){ $x$ } x \ put ( − 0 . 1 , 2 . 3 ) { $y$ } \ end { p s p i c t u r e } −1 1 2
PSTricks provides the macro ‘psplot’ to plot functions. Before using this function, include the package ‘pst-plot’ in the preamble of the document. The general syntax is:
PSTricks also provides standard mathematical functions. A list of all these functions is given in the below table:
Function Description Function Description
sin Sine function cos Cosine function tan Tangent function ASIN Arc sine function ACOS Arc cosine function ATAN Arc tangent function EXP Exponential function SINH Sine hyperbolic function COSH Cosine hyperbolic function TANH Tangent hyperbolic function log Log function (base 10) ln Log function (base e) fact Factorial function sqrt Square root function ceiling Ceiling function floor Floor function abs Absolute function round Round off function
