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History Lesson 4

The document discusses several points of controversy and conflicting views in Philippine history including: 1) The number of islands in the archipelago, which ranges from sources citing 7,000-7,100 islands. 2) The location and depth of the Philippine Trench, with sources disagreeing on whether it is the second or third deepest trench in the world. 3) Conflicting Spanish and Filipino perspectives on the 1872 Cavite Mutiny, with Spanish sources portraying it as a large conspiracy and Filipino sources as a small mutiny by dissatisfied soldiers.

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139 views3 pages

History Lesson 4

The document discusses several points of controversy and conflicting views in Philippine history including: 1) The number of islands in the archipelago, which ranges from sources citing 7,000-7,100 islands. 2) The location and depth of the Philippine Trench, with sources disagreeing on whether it is the second or third deepest trench in the world. 3) Conflicting Spanish and Filipino perspectives on the 1872 Cavite Mutiny, with Spanish sources portraying it as a large conspiracy and Filipino sources as a small mutiny by dissatisfied soldiers.

Uploaded by

nichole.a gn
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© © All Rights Reserved
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READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Chapter 3

Controversies and Conflicting Views in Philippine History


The Philippine Physical Features
1. Number of Islands and Islets in the Philippines

Molina 7, 083 island


Agoncillo and Alfonso 7,000
Alip 7,100
Zaide 7,083
Ariola 7,100
2. Number of Named Islands and Unnamed Islands

Google, Wikipedia 5000 islands are yet to be named


Agoncillo and Alfonso 3,000 names islands and 4,000 unnamed islands
Alip 2,773 named islands, the rest are still unnamed islands
Zaide • Philippine Political and Cultural History, 1957- 2, 773
named islands.
• Philippine Political and Cultural History, 1957- 2782 named
islands.
Gegelonia, The Filipino 2,000 islands have been named.
Historian
3. Location of the Philippines

Molina Philippines is located southeast of the Asiatic Mainland


Zafra Philippines is located about 700 miles from the mainland of
China.
Alip Philippines lies about 700 miles to the southeast of the Asia
Mainland
Zaide Philippines is a sprawling archipelago fringing the
southeastern rim of the Asian continent.
4. Location of the Philippine Deep/ Philippine Trench or Mindanao Deep
• This is the third deepest in the world which is located on the east of the Philippines.
• Located in Luzon trending southeast to the northern Maluku Island of Haimahera,
Indonesia.
• Galathea Depth- 10,540 metters deep.

Google The Philippine Deep Sea has a depth of 34, 580 feet
Agoncillo It is the second deepest sea in th world which is located east of
Mindanao and with a depth of 35, 440 feet.
Molina Philippine deep which is found in Mindanao is the second lowest
region of the earth
Zaide The lowest region in the world, an ocean depth east of Mindanao.
5. Longest River in the World
• The largest, longest, and widest river in the Philippines is the Cagayan River or Rio
Grande de Cagayan which is located in the Northeastern part of Luzon that traverses
the provinces of Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Isabela and Cagayan.
• Rio Grande de Mindanao or Mindanao River-the second largest river located on the
southern part of Mindanao.
6. Straits- it is a naturally formed, narrow but navigable waterway that connects two larger
bodies of water.
7. Coastline- it is also called seashore where land meets the sea or ocean, or a line that forms
the boundary between the land and the ocean, sea, or lake.
8. Mountains- Mt. Apo is the highest mountains in the Philippines but historians disagree or
differ in their data on the height of Mt. Apo.
9. Mount Pulag- sometimes called Mount Pulog.
• The third highest mountain in the Philippines and Luzon’s highest peak at 2.922
meters above sea level.
• It borders between the province of Benguet, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya.
The Cavity Mutiny Controversy
a. The Spanish Perspective of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny (based on Pugay’s historical account)
• Gov. Rafael Izquierdo blamed the unruly Spanish Press for “stockpiling” malicious
propagandas grasped by the Filipinos.
• He also lambasted the Indios as gullible and possessed an innate propensity for
stealing.
• The two Spaniards (Izquierdo & Vidal) deemed that the event of 1872 was planned
earlier and was thought of it as a big conspiracy among educated leaders, mestizos,
abogadillos or native lawyers, residents of Manila and Cavite and the native clergy.
• Feb. 17, 1872- in an attempt of the Spanish government and Frailocracia to instill fear
among the Filipino’s so that they may never commit such daring act again,
GOMBURZA was executed.
b. The Filipino Version of the Cavite Incident
• Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo d Tavera, a Filipino scholar and researcher, wrote the
Filipino version of the bloody incident in Cavite.
• In his view, the incident was a mere mutiny by the native Filipino soldiers and
laborers of the Cavite arsenal who turned out to be dissatisfied with the abolition of
their privileges.
• He believed that the Spanish friars and IZquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as a
powerful lever by magnifying it as full-blown conspiracy involving not only the native
army but also the residents of Cavite and Manila, and the native clergy to overthrow
the Spanish government.
The Philippine Flag

• Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo made the sketch of the flag that he submitted to Doña Marcela
Agoncillo who has then living in Hong Kong.
• The flag was described as “made from fine silk with a white triangle at the left containing a
sunburst ray at the center, a five-pointed star at each angle of the triangle, an upper stripe of
dark blue and a lower stripe of red. The white triangle stood for the Filipinos’ hope for
equality; the blue color stood for peace, truth and justice; and the red stood for patriotism
and valor. The sunburst of eight rays represented the first eight provinces to take up arms
against Spain, and the three starts symbolized Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.”
Philippine Flag was Banned!

• When American took over the Philippines in 1898, it prompted the Philippine Commission to
enact the Flag Law of 1907 that forbade the Filipinos to use or display the Philippine Flas
anywhere, even inside Filipino homes.
• 1919- senator Rafael Palma sponsored the Senate Bill No. 1, a bill repealing the Flag Law of
1907 following Gove. Gen. Francis Harrison’s recommendation that the law should be
repealed since the distrust between Filipinos and Americans no longer exists.
• October 24, 1919- Act. No. 2871 was approved and signed by Gen. Harrison; thus, the Flag
Law was repealed.

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