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02-Number System and Conversion

Decimal the Decimal System is the Number System that we use everyday. Binary System uses digits for the two values 0, and 1. Hexadecimal System uses symbols (digits) for the 16 values 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F to represent any number, no matter how large or how small.

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552 views

02-Number System and Conversion

Decimal the Decimal System is the Number System that we use everyday. Binary System uses digits for the two values 0, and 1. Hexadecimal System uses symbols (digits) for the 16 values 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F to represent any number, no matter how large or how small.

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NUMBER SYSTEM AND

CONVERSION
350151- Digital Circuit
Choopan Rattanapoka

Introduction

Many number systems are in use in digital


technology. The most common are :
Decimal

(Base 10)
Binary (Base 2)
Octal
(Base 8)
Hexadecimal
(Base 16)

The decimal system is the number system that we use


everyday

Number System

Decimal system uses symbols (digits) for the ten values


0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Binary System uses digits for the two values 0, and 1
Octal System uses digits for the eight values 0, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7
Hexadecimal System uses digits for the sixteen values
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F

to represent any number, no matter how large or how


small.

Decimal System

The decimal system is composed of 10 numerals or


symbols. These 10 symbols are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9;
using these symbols as digits of a number, we can
express any quantity.
Example : 3501.51

digit

Most Significant
Digit

decimal point

Least
Significant Digit

Binary System

The binary system is composed of 2 numerals or


symbols 0 and 1; using these symbols as digits of a
number, we can express any quantity.
Example : 1101.01

bit

Most Significant
Bit

binary point

Least
Significant Bit

Decimal Number Quantity


(positional number)

3501

(base-10)

1 X 100 =

0 X 101 =

5 X 102 =

500

3 X 103 =

3000

3000 + 500 + 0 + 1 = 3501

Binary-to-Decimal Conversion

1101

(base-2)

1 X 20 =

0 X 21 =

1 X 22 =

1 X 23 =

8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 13
11012= 1310

Octal-to-Decimal Conversion

5217

(base-8)

7 X 80 = 7x1

1 X 81 = 1x8

2 X 82 = 2x64 = 128
5 X 83 = 5x512 = 2560
2560 + 128 + 8 + 7 = 2703
52178 = 270310

Hexadecimal-to-Decimal Conversion

1ACF

(base-16)

[ A = 10, B = 11, C = 12, D = 13, E = 14, F = 15 ]

15 X 160 =15x1

15

12 X 161 =12x16

192

10 X 162 =10x256 = 2560


1 X 163 = 5x4096 = 20480
20480 + 2560 +192 + 15 = 23247
1ACF16 = 2324710

Decimal Number Quantity


(fractional number)

. 581

(base-10)

5 X 10-1 = 5x0.1

= 0.5

8 X 10-2 = 8x0.01 = 0.08


1 X 10-3 = 1x0.001 = 0.001
0.5 + 0.08 + 0.001 = 0.581

Binary-to-Decimal Conversion

. 101

(base-2)

1 X 2-1 = 1x0.5

= 0.5

0 X 2-2 = 0x0.25 = 0
1 X 2-3 = 1x0.125 = 0.125
0.5 + 0 + 0.125 = 0.625
0.1012

0.62510

Octal-to-Decimal Conversion

. 25

(base-8)

2 X 8-1 = 2x0.125

= 0.25

5 X 8-2 = 5x0.015625 =
0.017825
0.25 + 0.017825 = 0.267825
0.258

0.26782510

Hexadecimal-to-Decimal Conversion

. F5

(base-16)

15 X16-1 = 15x0.0625 =
0.9375
5 X16-2 = 5x0.00390625
= 0.01953125
0.9375 + 0.01953125 = 0.95703125
0.F516

0.9570312510

Exercise 1

Convert these binary system numbers to decimal


system numbers
100101101

11100.1001
111111
100000.0111

Decimal-to-Binary Conversion
(positional number)

250
2
2

250
125
2 62
2 31
2 15
2 7
2 3
1

25010 = 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 02
Remainder
Remainder
Remainder
Remainder
Remainder
Remainder
Remainder

0
1
0
1
1
1
1

Decimal-to-Octal Conversion

250
8
8

250
31
3

Remainder
Remainder

25010 = 3728

2
7

Decimal-to-Hexadecimal Conversion

250
16

250
15

Remainder

25010 = 15 1016 ?
= FA16

10

Decimal-to-Binary Conversion
(fractional number)

0 . 4375
0.4375 x 2
0.8750 x 2
0.75 x 2
0.5
x2

=
=
=
=

0.8750
1.75
1.5
1.0

0.437510 = 0.01112

Decimal-to-Octal Conversion

0 . 4375
0.4375 x 8
0.5
x8

= 3.5
= 4.0

0.437510 = 0.348

Decimal-to-Hexadecimal Conversion

0 . 4375
0.4375 x 16

= 7.0

0.437510 = 0.716

Example :Decimal-to-Binary Conversion


(Estimation)

0.782

0.782 x 2
0.564 x 2
0.128 x 2
0.256 x 2
0.512 x 2
0.024 x 2
0.048 x 2
0.192 x 2
0.384 x 2
0.768 x 2

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

1.564
1.128
0.256
0.512
1.024
0.048
0.096
0.384
0.768
1.536

110012 2-1 + 2-2 + 2-5


0.5 + 0.25 +0.03125
0.78125
11001000012
2-1 + 2-2 + 2-5 + 2-10
0.5 + 0.25 +0.03125 +
0.0009765625
0.7822265625

Exercise 2

Convert these decimal system numbers to binary


system numbers
127

38
22.5
764.375

Base X to Base Y Conversion

We can convert base x number to base y number


by following these steps :
Convert

base x to base 10 (decimal system number)


Then, convert decimal number to base y

Example

Convert 372.348 to hexadecimal system number


Convert

372.348 to decimal system number


(3x82)+(7x81)+(2x80) . (3x8-1) + (4x8-2)
= 192 + 56 + 2
. 0.375 + 0.0625
= 250 . 4375

372.348 =

Convert

250.437510 to hexadecimal system number

250.437510

Positional number

Fractional number

250 / 16 = 15 remainder 10
250 FA16

0.4375 * 16 = 7.0
0.4375 0.716

372.348 = FA.716

Exercise 3 (TODO)

Convert these numbers to octal system number


11100.10012
1111112
5A.B16

Convert these numbers to binary system number


5A.B16
75.28

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