MARS Institute of Health Sciences for Women

MCQ’s Practice Assignment

Subject: Cardiovascular Physiology
Total Marks: 30
MCQ’s

1) Which structure in the circulation hold most of the body blood volume?
1. Veins
2. Right atrium
3. Right ventricle
4. Coronary artery

2) A young healthy girl faints while attending the funeral of her best friend. Most likely cause is:
1. Epileptic fit
2. Stokes Adam’s Syndrome
3. Vasovagal syncope
4. Atrial fibrillation

3) You are concerned that your patient may have compromised function of mitral valve. The sound
of mitral valve is best heard:
1. At the xiphisternal junction
2. At the apex in the left fifth intercostal space in the mid clavicular line
3. In the fifth intercostal space to the right of the sternum
4. In the second intercostal space to the left of the sternum

4) QRS complex is due to:

1. Ventricular depolarization
2. Ventricular repolarization
3. Atrial depolarization
4. Ventricular contraction

5) Which one of the following is the best index of preload?

1. Blood volume
2. Central venous pressure
3. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
4. Left ventricular end diastolic volume

6) Stroke volume can be increased by:

1. Decreasing ventricular compliance
2. Increasing venous compliance
3. Decreasing total peripheral resistance
4. Increasing heart rate

7) Cardiac output of the right side of the heart is what percentage of the left side of the heart:
1. 20 percent
2. 40 percent
3. 70 percent
4. 100 percent
8) Second heart sound differs with first heart sound in that:
1. It is partly due to turbulence set up by valve closure
2. Its duration is greater than that of the first heart sound
3. It has a higher frequency
4. It is occasionally split

9) Beta blockers have which of the following effect:

1. Decrease heart rate
2. Increase left ventricular ejection fraction
3. Increase stroke volume
4. Decrease splanchnic vascular resistance

10) Myocardial contractility is best correlated with with the intracellular concentration of:
1. Sodium
2. Potassium
3. Calcium
4. Chloride

11) The ventricles are completely depolarized during which isoelectric portion of the ECG:
1. PR interval
2. QRS complex
3. QT interval
4. ST segment

12) The Frank Starling law of the heart states that:

1. Cardiac output is controlled almost entirely by the activity of heart.
2. Blood entering the atria is pumped immediately into the ventricles.
3. Stroke volume is equal to ventricular ejection fraction.
4. Within physiological limits, the heart pump all the blood that comes to it.

13 Blood flow to which organ is primarily controlled by sympathetic nervous system rather than the
local metabolites?
1. Skin
2. Heart
3. Brain
4. Skeletal muscle during exercise

14) When a person moves from supine position to a standing position, which of the following
compensatory change occurs?
1. Increased contractility
2. Decreased heart rate
3. Decreased cardiac output
4. Decreased total peripheral resistance

15) The greatest pressure decrease in the circulation occurs across the arterioles because:
1. They have the greatest surface area
2. They have the greatest cross sectional area
3. They have the greatest resistance
4. The velocity of blood flow through them is the highest

16) Which of the following changes will cause an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption:
 1. Decreased aortic pressure
2. Decreased heart rate
3. Increased size of the heart
4. Decreased contractility

17) Normal cardiac output is about:

1. Three liters
2. Four liters
3. Five liters
4. Six liters

18) Regarding the function of AV valves (Tricuspid and Bicuspid):

1. Prevent the back flow of blood from atria to ventricles during diastole
2. Prevent the back flow of blood from ventricles to atria during systole
3. Don’t prevent back flow of blood from ventricles to atria during systole
4. Cause the back flow of blood from ventricles to atria during systole

19) The normal pacemake of heart is:

1. AV Node
2. S.A Node
3. Internodal pathway
4. Purkunji fibers

20) The first heart sound is produced due to:

1. Opening of AV valves
2. Closure of AV valves
3. Closure of semilunar valves
4. When atria contracts

21) This is the reason why the SA node acts as heart’s pacemaker
(a) because it has a poor cholinergic innervations
(b) because it has a rich sympathetic innervations
(c) because of its capability of generating impulses
(d) because it generates impulses at the highest rate

22) The reason for the dicrotic notch on the aortic pressure curve is
(a) contraction of aorta
(b) closure of the aortic valve
(c) rapid filling of the left ventricle
(d) closure of the pulmonary valve

23) The ventricular muscles accepts impulses directly from

(a) AV node
(b) Bundle of His
(c) Right and left bundle branches
(d) Purkinje system
24) This is the similarity between pulmonary and systemic circulation
(a) total capacity
(b) pulse pressure
(c) peripheral vascular resistance
(d) volume of the circulation per minute
 25) ECG (Electrocardiogram) was developed first by
(a) Wilhelm His
(b) Steward
(c) Hubert Mann
(d) Willem Einthoven
26) This is the classic ECG change in MI (myocardial infarction)
(a) ST-segment elevation
(b) T-wave inversion
(c) Development of an abnormal Q wave
(d) All of these
 27) In which of these conditions can widen QRS and Tall-tented T waves be observed?
(a) Hyponatremia
(b) Hyperkalemia
(c) Hyperglycemia
(d) Hyperphosphatemia
 28) Hypokalemia is the condition of low potassium levels in your blood. Hypokalemia ECG changes
are observed by
(a) ST segment elevation
(b) U wave (a position deflection after the T wave)
(c) Tall peaked T waves
(d) Widening of the QRS complex and increased amplitude

Capillaries are best described as

A) microscopic vessels in which
blood exchanges material with
the interstitial fluid.
B) thick walled vessels that
convey blood away from the
heart.
C) thin walled vessels that
convey blood toward the heart.
D) thick walled vessels that
carry blood rich in oxygen.
E) thin walled vessels that carry
blood deficient in oxygen
Capillaries are best described as
A) microscopic vessels in which
blood exchanges material with
the interstitial fluid.
B) thick walled vessels that
convey blood away from the
heart.
C) thin walled vessels that
convey blood toward the heart.
D) thick walled vessels that
carry blood rich in oxygen.
E) thin walled vessels that carry
blood deficient in oxygen
Capillaries are best described as
A) microscopic vessels in which
blood exchanges material with
the interstitial fluid.
B) thick walled vessels that
convey blood away from the
heart.
C) thin walled vessels that
convey blood toward the heart.
D) thick walled vessels that
carry blood rich in oxygen.
E) thin walled vessels that carry
blood deficient in oxygen
29) After a mild hemorrhage, compensatory responses initiated by the baroreceptor reflex keeps blood
pressure at or close to itsnormal value. Which one of the following values is less after compensation for
the hemorrhage than it was before the hemorrhage?

a) Venous compliance 
b) Heart rate
c) Ventricular contractility
d) Total peripheral resistance
e) Coronary blood flow
30) The constriction of a blood vessel to one-half of its resting diameter would increase its resistance to
blood flow by a factor of 
a) 2
b) 4
c) 8
d) 12
e) 16
31) During aerobic exercise, blood flow remains relatively constant within:
a) The skin 
b) The heart
c) The brain

d) The skeletal muscles

e) The kidneys
32) Which of the following conditions causes pulse pressure to increase?

 
a) Tachycardia 

b) Hypertension
 c) Hemorrhage

d) Aortic stenosis

e) Heart failure
33) Sudden standing evokes the baroreceptor reflex. Which one of the following will be greater after a
person suddenly stands up than it was before the person stood?

a) The end-diastolic volume 

b) The renal blood flow
c) The venous return
d) The pulse pressure
e) The ejection fraction

34) Which one of the following is the best index of preload?

a. Blood volume 
b. Central venous pressure 
c. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 
d. Left ventricular end-diastolicvolume
e. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure

35) Central venous pressure is increased by

 
a. Decreasing blood volume 
b. Increasing venous compliance
c. Increasing total peripheral resistance
d. Decreasing heart rate
e. Decreasing plasma aldosterone concentration
36) Capillary permeability is lowest within the:
 
a) Kidneys 
b) Spleen
c) Liver 
d) Brain
e) Skin

37) Blood flow through an organ would be increased by decreasing :

a) The diameter of the arterial vessels 

b) The number of open arterial vessels

c) The arterial pressure

d) The diameter of the venous vessels

e) The hematocrit

 38) Net filtration from capillaries will increase following:

 
a) Increased contraction of the precapillary sphincter  

b) Decreased arterial pressure

c) Increased plasma protein concentration

d) Decreased capillary permeability

e) Increased postcapillary resistance

39) A reduction in carotid sinus pressure would cause a decrease in

a) Heart rate 
b) Myocardial contractility
c) Total peripheral resistance
d) Venous compliancee
e) Cardiac output

40) The percentage of the total cardiac output distributed to any single organ is most dependent on

 
a) The contractile state of the heart 
b) The magnitude of mean blood pressure
c) The magnitude of diastolic pressure
d) The ratio of an organ’s vascular resistance to total peripheral resistance (TPR)
e) The magnitude of cardiac output

41) At which of the following sites does the blood flow lose the greatest amount of energy?
a) Mitral valve 
b) Large arteries
c) Arterioles
d) Capillaries
e) Venules

42) Which one of the following decreases during aerobic exercise?

 
a) Circulating blood volume 

b) Heart rate

c) Skin temperature

d) Cerebral blood flow

e) Mean blood pressure

43) Which one of the following characteristics is most similar in the systemic and pulmonary
circulations?

 
 a) Stroke

b) Preload

c) Afterload

d) Peak systolic pressure

e) Blood volume

44) Which one of the following statements correctly describes the ductus arteriosus?

 
a) It prevents the flow of blood into the lungs of the fetus 

b) It delivers oxygenated blood from the placenta to the left ventricle

c) It allows blood to flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery in the fetus

d) Its resistance to blood flow decreases soon after birth

e) It is located in the septum between the left and right atrium

45) Which one of the following values is greater in the pulmonary circulation than in the systemic
circulation?

 
a) The mean arterial pressure 
b) The arterial resistance
c) The vascular compliance
d) The blood flow
e) The sympathetic tone

46) The greatest percentage of blood volume is found in the

 
a) Heart 

b) Aorta

c) Distributing arteries and arterioles

d) Capillaries

e) Venules and veins

47) In a resting, healthy man, the ejection fraction is approximately?

a. 0.1
 b. 0.2
 c. 0.3 
d. 0.6
 e. 0.9

48) Increasing vagal stimulation of the heart will cause an increase in:

a. Heart rate
 b. PR interval 
c. Ventricular contractility
d. Ejection fraction
 e. Cardiac output

 
49) During exercise, there is an increase in a person’s
 a. Stroke volume
 b. Diastolic pressure
 c. Venous compliance
d. Pulmonary arterial resistance 
e. Total peripheral resistance

50) Lymph capillaries differ from systemic blood capillaries in that they

a) Are less permeable 

b) Are not lined by endothelium

c) Lack valves

d) Are absent in the central nervous system

e) Collapse when interstitial pressure increases

52) At birth, changes that occur in the fetal circulation include

 
a) Increased systemic arterial pressure 

b) Increased pulmonary vascular resistance

c) Increased pulmonary arterial pressure

d) Decreased left atrial pressure

e) Decreased pulmonary blood flow

53) Turbulence is more likely to occur in a blood vessel if:

 
a) The velocity of blood within the vessel increases 
 b) The viscosity of blood within the vessel increases

c) The diameter of the vessel decreases

d) The density of the blood decreases

e) The length of the vessel increases

54) Systemic arteriolar constriction may result from an increase in the local concentration of 

 
a) Nitric oxide 

b) Angiotensin II

c) Atrial natriuretic peptide

d) Beta receptor agonists

e) Hydrogen ion

55) Which of the following will be lower than normal in a patient with an abnormally high intracranial
pressure?

 
a) Ventricular contractility 

b) Heart rate

c) Mean blood pressure

d) Stroke volume

e) Total peripheral resistance

56) After an episode of exercise training, the trained individual will have a:

 
a) Decreased density of mitochondria in the trained muscles 

b) Increased resting heart rate

c) Decreased maximum oxygen consumption

d) Increased stroke volume

e) Decreased extraction of oxygen by exercising muscles

57) Which one of the following increases during aerobic exercise?

 
 a) Diastolic blood pressure 

b) Cerebral vascular resistance

c) Mixed venous oxygen tension

d) Blood flow to the kidney

e) Circulating blood volume

58) Pulse pressure increases when:

 
a) Heart rate increases 

b) Stroke volume decreases

c) Aortic compliance increases

d) Aortic stenosis develops

e) Mean arterial pressure increases

59)The distribution of blood among the various organs of the body is regulated by regulating the
resistance of the

 
a) Arteries

b) Arterioles

c) Precapillary sphincters

d) Postcapillary venules

e) Veins

60) Flow of fluid through the lymphatic vessels will be decreased if there is an increase in:

 
a) Capillary pressure 

b) Capillary permeability

c) Interstitial protein concentration

d) Capillary oncotic pressure

e) Central venous pressure

61) Which one of the following signs is observed in a patient who has
lost a significant amount of blood?

a) Respiratory acidosis 

b) Dry skin

c) Polyuria

d) Bradycardia

e) Low hematocrit

62) A patient is diagnosed with anaphylactic shock rather than hypovolumic shock because

 
a) Cardiac output is higher than normal 
b) Ventricular contractility is greater than normal

c) Total peripheral resistance is greater than normal

d) Serum creatinine is elevated

e) Heart rate is greater than normal

63) Which one of the following will increase if massaging the neck stretches the carotid sinus
baroreceptor?

a) Total peripheral resistance 

b) Right atrial pressure
c) Venous tone
d) Ventricular contractility
e) Vagal nerve activity

64) Cardiogenic shock can result due to:

a) Decreased vasomotor tone
b) Decreased blood volume
c) Severe valvular dysfunctions
d) Increased metabolism of body

 
65) In the absence of compensations, the stroke volume will decrease when
 

a) blood volume increases.

b) venous return increases.

c) contractility increases.
 d) arterial blood pressure increases.

  66 ) Edema may be caused by:

 

1. high blood pressure.

2. decreased plasma protein concentration.

3. leakage of plasma protein into tissue fluid.

4. blockage of lymphatic vessels.

5. all of these.
 

67) The greatest resistance to blood flow occurs in:

 
a) large arteries
b)medium-sized arteries.
c)arterioles.
d) capillaries.
 
68) The sounds of Korotkoff are produced by:
 

a) closing of the semilunar valves.

b) closing of the AV valves.

c) the turbulent flow of blood through an artery.

d) elastic recoil of the aorta.