INSTITUTE OF BASIC AND BIOMECAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

MAT 101 TUTORIAL SHEET 1: MARCH, 2022

1. Write the following in set-builder form

1 1 3 2
(a) 𝐴 = {4,8,12,16} (b) 𝐵 = {3,9,27,81,243} (c) 𝐶 = {2,4,6, … } (d) 𝐷 = {3 , 2 , 5 , 3}

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(e) 𝐸 = {2 , 5 , 10 , 17 , 26 , 37 , 50 , 65}

2. Express the following sets in roster form

(a) 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is the letter of the word ‘mwanawasa’} (b) 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is a factor of 20}

3 11
(c) 𝐶 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is a root of 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 = 0} (d) 𝐷 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is an integer, − 2 < 𝑥 < }
2

𝑛2 −1
(e) 𝐸 = {𝑥: 𝑥 = 𝑛2 +1 , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 and 𝑛 < 4}

3. Which of the following sets are empty?

(a) 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 + 3 = 0, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁} (b) 𝐵 = {𝑥: 1 < 𝑥 < 2, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁}

(c) 𝐶 = {𝑥: 3𝑥 + 1 = 0, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅} (d) 𝐷 = {𝑥: 𝑥 2 + 9 = 0, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ}

4. Which of the following sets is singleton?

(a) 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is an integer and −1 < 𝑥 < 1} (b) 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 and 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0}

(c) 𝐶 = {𝑥: 𝑥 3 − 1 = 0, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅} (d) 𝐷 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is a prime number, 𝑥 is even}

5. Which of the following sets are finite or infinite?

 (a) The set of all public universities in Zambia (b) The set of animals living in Zambia

(c) {1,2,3, … } (d) The set of lines which are parallel to the 𝑦 −axis

6. (a) State the cardinality and write down the power sets of each of the following:

(i) 𝐴 = {10,11} (ii) 𝐵 = {𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟} (iii) 𝐶 = {2,3, {3,7}}

(b) Let the universal set = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}, 𝐴 = {2,3,4,5}, 𝐵 = {2,4,6,8,10} and

𝐶 = {2,4,5,6}, find

(i) 𝐵 ′ (ii) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 (iii) 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 (iv) 𝐴′ ∪ 𝐶′ (v) 𝐵 − 𝐶 (vi) (𝑋 − 𝐶)′ ∩ (𝐴 − 𝐵)

7. (a) Verify the following by using the element method

(i) Associative laws (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∪ 𝐶 = 𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) and (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∩ 𝐶 = 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)

(ii) Distributive laws 𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐶) and

𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)

(iii) De Morgan’s laws (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ = 𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ and (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′ = 𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′

(b) Prove that

(i) 𝐴 ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝐴 (ii) 𝐴 ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝐴 (iii) (𝐴 − 𝐵) ∩ (𝐵 − 𝐴) = ∅

(iv) (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝐴 (v) 𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 − 𝐴) = 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵

(c) If 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵, prove that (i) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝐴 (ii) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ′ = ∅.

(d) Prove that 𝐴 = {2,3,4,5} is not a subset of 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛}.

8. Let 𝐴 = (−1,5], 𝐵 = [3,7), 𝐶 = (−2,8) and the universal set 𝑋 = [−3,9]. Find each of the

following sets and display it on the number line

(i) 𝐴′
(ii) 𝐵′ ∪ 𝐶′
(iii) 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 − 𝐶)
(iv) (𝑋 − 𝐶)′ ∩ (𝐴 − 𝐵)
9. (a) Prove that (i) √3 (ii) √7 (iii) √10 is an irrational number

(b) Find any two irrational numbers between (i) 2 and 3 (ii) 0.31 and 0.12
𝑎
(c) Express each of the following in the form where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are relatively prime and 𝑏 ≠ 0
𝑏

(i) 2. 3̅ ̅̅̅̅
(ii) 5.235 ̅̅̅̅
(iii) 4.3256
(d) Work out

(i) 2. 3̅ + 5. ̅12
̅̅̅

(ii) 3. 4̅ − 2.13̅

(iii) 0. 3̅ × 0. 6̅

(iv) 2.37̅ ÷ 0.45̅

(v) (0. 3̅ × 0.83̅) ÷ (0.5 × 0. 1̅) + 0.35̅ ÷ 0.08̅

10. An operation ∗ is defined on the set {2,4,6} in the table below as follows: 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 is the cell

where the row along ″𝑎″ and column along ″𝑏 ″ intersect, e.g., 4 ∗ 6 = 4

∗ 2 4 6
2 2 4 6
4 6 2 4
6 4 6 2

(i) Is the operation a binary operation on the set {2,4,6}?

(ii) Is this operation commutative?

(iii) Evaluate (6 ∗ 2) ∗ 4 and 6 ∗ (2 ∗ 4)

(iv) Is this operation associative?

11. Work out each of the following and express the answers in form 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏

(a) (3 + 4𝑖) + (−7 + 6𝑖) (b) (5 − 7𝑖) − (6 − 3𝑖) − (3 − 5𝑖) (c) (4 + 𝑖√3) + (−6 − 2𝑖√3)

5 1 7 1
(d) (8 + 2 𝑖) − (8 + 5 𝑖) (e) (5 + 3𝑖) + (7 − 2𝑖)(−8 − 𝑖) (f) (−1 + 𝑖)8 (g) (−3𝑖)(10𝑖)

2 2+3𝑖 4+7𝑖 1+𝑖 √2 1+2𝑖 1−2𝑖

√2 √2
(h) (5 + 3𝑖)(5 − 3𝑖) (i) ( 2 + 𝑖) (j) (k) (l) (m) +
2 3𝑖 2−3𝑖 √3−2𝑖 1−𝑖 1+3𝑖
12. Express each of the following in the form 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real numbers

1
(a) 𝑖 3 (ii) (iii) 𝑖 15 (iv) 𝑖 1002
𝑖5

13. Let 𝑍1 = 2 + 𝑖, 𝑍2 = 1 − 3𝑖 and 𝑍3 = 3 + 4𝑖, verify the following identities

̅̅̅̅̅
𝑍1 ̅̅̅
𝑍1
(i) ̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑍1 𝑍2 = ̅̅̅
𝑍1 . ̅̅̅
𝑍2 (ii) 𝑍3 . ̅̅̅
𝑍3 = ̅̅̅
𝑍3 . 𝑍3 = |𝑍3 |2 (iii) ( ) = ̅̅̅
𝑍2 𝑍2

14. Solve for 𝑥 and 𝑦 given that

(a) 2(𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦) = 6 − 𝑖 3 (b) (1 + 2𝑖)(−2 − 3𝑖) = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 (c) (2 − 3𝑖) = √𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦

(d) (𝑥 − 2𝑖𝑦) + (𝑦 − 3𝑖𝑥) = 2 + 3𝑖

15. Simplify each of the following as much as possible

3 3 3
(a) 2√28 − 3√63 − 8√7 (b) 4√2 − 2 √16 − √54 (c) 4√50 − 9√32 (d) 5√12 + 2√3

3 3
2√8 3√18 √50 3 √54 5 √16 2
(e) − − (f) + (g) 2√3(5√2 + 4√10) (h) (2√𝑥 − 3√𝑦)
3 5 2 2 3

2
(i) (3√𝑥 + 5√𝑦)(3√𝑥 − 5√𝑦) (j) (√𝑥 + √𝑦) (k) √32 − √0.5 − √8

√3+1
16. (a) Express + √3 − 1 in the form 𝑎 + 𝑏√3 where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are rational numbers
√3−1

(b) Rationalise the denominator of each of the following:

2√3−√2 𝑥 2√7+√3 𝑥−√𝑥 2 −9 1

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
4√3 𝑥+√𝑦 3√7−√3 𝑥+√𝑥 2 −9 (√2+1)(√3−1)

(c) Rationalise the numerator of each of the following:

√5+ℎ−3 √3+√5 √𝑥−√𝑥+ℎ

(i) (ii) (iii)
ℎ 7 ℎ√𝑥+√𝑥+ℎ