International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)

Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June -2020 ISSN: 2582-3930

Arduino based Short Circuit Protection System using various sensors

Shaurya Srivastava1, Parag Fadnis2, Rishabh Sharma3,Mrs.M.V.Patil4
1,2,3 Student, Department Of Electronics, Bharati Vidyapeeth(Deemed to be)University College Of Engineering,Pune
4 Professor, Department Of Electronics, Bharati Vidyapeeth(Deemed to be)University College Of Engineering,Pune

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Abstract - This paper contains a short circuit protection console can touch one phase at a maximum distance of 2 m,
system using sensor systems and Arduino module with and the voltage does not exceed 1 V, for 10 of the earth
dispersion resistance.[1]
wireless communication. In many industries and M.S.M.E.
there are cases of fire and the major cause is short circuit Rakesh Maisuriya in simulation of short circuit condition and
which mostly occurs due to moisture level increase in plant or fault analysis in power system [2] From the discussion of
increase in heat and temperature in the plant and circuits. So IEEE 14 bus power system Mat-Lab model we can conclude
to overcome this we have developed a short circuit protection that in an interconnected electrical power system if there is a
system using Arduino ,GSM module, heat sensor, temperature fault occurs in any of the subsystem , all the system voltages
sensor, relay and alarm. It is easy to implement and can be and system currents are affected and must be improved
used in various sectors and industries by changing certain otherwise it will creates fault of circuit parameters to other
parameters. lines. This paper presents the Research literature work and the
Review about the Short Circuit Analysis of a large Power
System Network. Survey and lot of research papers have been
Key Words: Arduino, DS18B20, GSM module, Industrial
presented for the improvement and new methods to analyze
Automation, Sensor, Sim800A
the Short Circuit Calculation in a Power System. The Aim of
1.INTRODUCTION this Review Paper is to propose a calculation method in
effortless technique for Short Circuit Analysis. The analysis of
Electric power is generated, transmitted and distributed the most serious short-circuit fault provides a very high inrush
through large interconnected power systems. The electric current which is very dangerous for the system so to chop out
power is generated in various types of power plants. Then the this heavy current, a suitable step should be taken so that the
voltage level of the power will be step up by the transformer dangerous effects of symmetrical faults can diminish and
before the power is transmitted. Since electric power is the making the system more reliable. If we will not improve or
product of voltage and current, high voltage is used in disconnected faulty lines or area from healthy lines or area
transmission in order to reduce the line currents then the then huge crisis of power will be occurred, even blackouts. So
power transmission losses is reduced that is copper loss. The instability, transient stability, fault analysis are very important
primary objective of all power systems is to avoid the load in power network.
shading. However, lightning or other natural events like wind
Sharthak Munasib in Short-Circuit Protection for Low-
and ice, physical accidents, equipment failure, and other
Voltage DC Distribution Systems Based on Solid-State
unpredictable events may cause a short circuit between the
Circuit Breakers [8] The work presented in this thesis
phase wires of the transmission line or from the phase wires to
addressed some important issues regarding the short-circuit
ground, which is called a fault. Then the short circuit current
protection of low-voltage dc distribution systems. The
is produced and the value of the short circuit current is very
following conclusions and contributions are drawn from the
much greater than the normal operating current. So if there is
results presented and analyzed in the thesis: The RB-IGCT
a fault persists, there is a severe damage shown in the
seems the best semiconductor device for implementing a 1-
electrical equipments. In order to reduce such an accident, it is
kVdc SSCB since it has the short-circuit capability of a
necessary to disconnect the faulted part from the healthy
thyristor (~ 3 kA), extremely low on-state voltage drop (~1.25
system as soon as possible. This is done by the circuit breaker
V) during normal SSCB operation, and blocks voltages in
and protective relay.
forward and reverse directions but conducts current only in
2. LITERATURE REVIEW the forward direction. It has low thermal resistance, assisted
by double-sided cooling and hermetic sealing resulting from
KV Baoze Wei in his paper demonstrated that, in order to its hockey-puck, thyristor-type package. All of these attributes
prevent working accidents by electrocution in high voltage should result in increased efficiency, compactness and
systems, the main safety measure consists in connecting the
earthing devices, on the both sides of working area. In any of
Compared to the standardized opening time of 35-40 ms
these three cases, if the earthing devices are chosen and placed
correctly, in the working area, as we expected, the drop during a fault for electromechanical circuit breakers, the
voltage, is limited to a safety value. The worker on the SSCB containing RB-IGCT as the semiconductor switch

© 2020, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com | Page 1

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June -2020 ISSN: 2582-3930

Unavoidable controller delays require that additional devices Digital convertor is defined by its bandwidth and signal-to-
be connected in parallel to sustain higher limiting fault noise ratio.
currents.
The microcontroller which is used is ATmega328 interfaced
Main power circuit based hardware protection or combined using an Arduino Uno kit.
with modified algorithm control method: In some other
literatures, the protection methods are based on modifying the The system we are connecting with the Arduino via Gsm
main power circuit by adding auxiliary protection circuit or using RS232 serial communication modem. RS232 protocol is
using different control method in the software under fault commonly used in embedded systems. In this, data is
condition. The concept of the protection in [5] is using an combined into a packet and sent bit by bit on a single wire
auxiliary switch, connected along with driving circuit, between two communicating devices. This requires less
between the positive rail of the DC bus capacitors and the maintenance and costly implementation. However,
collector/drain terminal of the upper switching transistor. The synchronization between communicating devices is necessary.
disadvantage is that the complexity of the circuit is increased Sometimes separate wires are required for two-way
given that auxiliary drive circuit need to be incorporated for communication. This approach is widely used for long
switching the protecting transistor [5]. Also, in [5], it distance, high speed and reliable communication. This kind of
proposed another protection method called linear current communication can be used at home as well as in the hospitals
protection method, which contains more auxiliary switches for central monitoring systems.
and resistors for the protection circuit. This method will
Arduino Uno is interfaced with all the above sensors and gsm
increase the cost and the volume of the system; also will
module and all the data is stored in an ERP
increase the power loss because of the auxiliary components.
database(enterprise resource planning)
Algorithm based overload or short circuit protection method :
All the three sensors detect the heat, temperature and moisture
The over current control strategy in [7] is based on generating
content in the plant and as soon as the level exceed the
new current reference according to a current limit function, an
optimum level a warning message is sent to the respective
auxiliary control loop, and a look up table is used to store the
department of the industry as well as the system provider
original current reference. In [8], a current limiting method
using gsm module and the reason for increase in the level of
was proposed based on a hysteresis comparator circuit and
moisture heat and temperature is determined and rectified in
switched to current controlled mode after over current
time to prevent any mishap.
happens. The main disadvantage of this control method is
complexity of the auxiliary current control mode, and it has a 3.2 CIRCUIT PIN DIAGRAM
longer response time as the authors mentioned in [8] and it
need to design a hysteresis comparator circuit for each phase.

3.CIRCUIT DESIGN
3.1 Block Diagram

FIG.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM FIG.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM WITH PIN

CONFIGURATION
The signals detected by the sensors are passed through a
signal conditioning circuit for further processing and to
convert the analog signals into digital values. The Analog-to-

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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June -2020 ISSN: 2582-3930

15 5V pin The outputs 5V on the board

16 GND Ground pins for analog

The Vin pin of board(7-12V)

supply voltage via 5V or 3.3V
17 Voltage in pin

18 Analog inputs pins(0- Read the analog data

5)

19 AT mega 328 Memory has 32 KB

microcontroller

20 ICSP for AT mega 328

FIG. 3 ARDUINO LAYOUT
21 TX, RX Led
TABLE 1:ARDUINO LAYOUT COMPONENTS
NO. NAME PIN DESCRIPTION 22 Power LED indicator

1 Serial output(TX) 23 On-board LED

2 Serial input(RX)

The input/output voltage to the 4.RESULT AND EVALUATION

Arduino Uno board when it is
3 Digital input/output using an external power source
4.1 PRACTICAL CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION
Pins(2-13) A practical circuit implementation of the proposed Short
Circuit Protection System using Arduino Controller and
4 GND Ground pin for digital
various sensor is shown in FIG.2. For Arduino power is given
Reference voltage for the using the USB slot.
analog inputs, Used with DS18B20 Temperature sensor which senses the temperature
5 AREF pin analog reference of the surrounding environment of the wire and circuit placed
Move this line low to reset the
in the industrial setting is interfaced to Arduino board using
microcontroller, and use to add D4 pin which establish data communication and sequentially
a reset button to shields which the observed value is being fed to the relay and GSM module.
block the one on the board. DHT11 Humidity sensor which senses the humidity level in
6 Reset button
the surrounding is interfaced to the Arduino board using D2
7 ICSP for AT mega pin to establish data communication between sensor and
16U2 Arduino board and the observed value is fed to the relay and
GSM module.
8 USP plug
SIM800A GSM module which receives the data from DHT11
9 AT mega 16U2 Memory and DS18B20 sensor sends the data to the user and receives
microcontroller the command back from them and implements it. It is
interfaced to Arduino using D7 pin for transmission function
10 Voltage Regulator Regulate the voltage to 5V
and its receiving and implementation function is achieved
11 External power supply Can supply voltage through it using alarm and Arduino command.
plug by the power jack 1 Channel, 5V relay is used to shut the power of the plant
when the temperature and humidity content in the surrounding
Provides the voltage reference
with which the microcontroller exceeds the safe and previously pre fed value. It is connected
12 IOREF pin operates through GSM module and alarm to cut the power supply to
prevent short circuit.
13 Reset pin Bring this line to reset the
Alarm is connected to D6 PWM pin of the Arduino which
microcontroller
when the temperature and humidity exceeds the pre fed values
3.3V supply generated by the is raised and send the data to relay as well as GSM to prevent
board regulator. Fire due to short circuit.
14 3.3V pin
Maximum current on the board
50 mA

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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June -2020 ISSN: 2582-3930

5. CONCLUSIONS
4.2 EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION We have made a short circuit protection system using Arduino
and various sensor. This system provides several advantages
*NORMAL VALUES(Room condition):- in compared to the traditional method.
1.DS18B20 - 0-45 Degree Celsius
2.DHT11- 0-45 % Apart from the sensors we have proposed, more parameters
can also be integrated and each sensor can be connected to a
*WARNING LEVEL(Room condition):- processing board via a wireless module. Our proposed multi-
sensor system can also be implemented in the various
1.DS18B20 - 46-50 Degree Celsius
industries as proposed and it can also be used in automobile
2.DHT11- 46-55 %
industry for maintenance purposes by changing sensors which
is quite easier.
*HAZARDOUS LEVEL(Room Condition):-
1.DS18B20 - >50 Degree Celsius .ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2.DHT11 - >55%
We have been given support continuously throughout our
TABLE 2 : EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION project by several individuals.
NO. DS18B20 DHT11 ACTION
We truly appreciate their support. We would like to thank
1 38 deg 30% Normal value observed for Prof. M.V.PATIL for her guidance and supervision in
temperature and moisture, completing the project.
No action needed, Value
stored in database
We are grateful for the motivation received by our family and
2 42 deg 38% Normal value observed for friends towards the completion of our project.
both sensor, Value stored in
database In the end we are thankful to our Principal Sir and our college
in supporting our project.
3 47 deg 42% Warning level for
temperature and normal for
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