Network Automation & Programmability Using

Python 3
(CCNA 200-301)
Lab Setup

Open Command Prompt as Administrator

Change Directory to GNS3 Directory (Where you have installed GNS3)

⮚ cd C:\Program Files\GNS3

Run following command to change the service config

⮚ sc config npf start= auto

Now Run the Loopback Service Manager

⮚ Loopback-manager.cmd

Choose option 4 for remove all loopback interfaces if installed before.

Choose option 2 for install a new loopback interface

Choose option 6 for quit

Now Reboot your PC.

Rename the newly installed loopback interface (You can choose any name)

Configure IP Address in Loopback Interface

Now go to GNS3 and draw a simple topology like bellow
Open Cloud1 Configuration

Check on Show Special Ethernet Interfaces and Select LoopBack Interface then Add

Now Open Router Console:

R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.6 255.255.255.0

(config-if)#no shR1utdown

R1#ping 10.10.10.5

R1(config)#enable password 1234

R1(config)#username admin password 1234

R1(config)#line vty 0 4

R1(config-line)#login local

Now Ping from your Host PC to GNS3 Router

Download and Install Python

Open Py Run Command

Learn Variables:
Python is completely object oriented, and not "statically typed". You do not need to declare
variables before using them, or declare their type. Every variable in Python is an object.
Variables are just names which assign a value.
This tutorial will go over a few basic types of variables.

For example: you are working on a company. There are so many employee in the company.
Emp = Employee

In Py Shell Type:

>>> Emp1 = "John"

Now if you type Emp1, it will answer ‘John’

>>> Emp1

'John'
Here Emp1 is variable and John is value

Now input some other employee

>>> Emp2 = "Paul"

>>> Emp3 = "July"

Now See all output:

>>> Emp1

'John'

>>> Emp2

'Paul'

>>> Emp3

'July'

Now we can assign values of multiple variables in a single command:

>>> Emp4, Emp5, Emp6 = "Ruby", "Sharkar", "Shoumy"

>>> Emp1

'John'

>>> Emp2

'Paul'

>>> Emp3

'July'

>>> Emp4

'Ruby'

>>> Emp5

'Sharkar'

>>> Emp6

'Shoumy'

Or you can see output of values of multiple variables in a single command:

>>> Emp1, Emp2, Emp3, Emp4, Emp5, Emp6

('John', 'Paul', 'July', 'Ruby', 'Sharkar', 'Shoumy')

Value of variable is not permanent, You can change it or you can assign same value for multiple
Variables.

>>> Emp5=Emp6=Emp7= "Mahmud"

>>> Emp5

'Mahmud'

>>> Emp6

'Mahmud'

>>> Emp7

'Mahmud'

Learn Print:
The print function in Python is a function that outputs to your console window whatever you say
you want to print out.

At first blush, it might appear that the print function is rather useless for programming, but it is
actually one of the most widely used functions in all of python. The reason for this is that it makes
for a great debugging tool.

"Debugging" is the term given to the act of finding, removing, and fixing errors and mistakes within
code. If something isn't acting right, you can use the print function to print out what is happening in
the program. Print is a built-in function in Python.
>>> print ('Hello Friends')

Hello Friends

You can use print function with variables.

>>> print(Emp3)

July

>>> print(Emp3,Emp5,Emp1)

July Mahmud John

Operators: Integer, String and Slicing

Integer:
>>> age = 50
>>> type(age)
 <class 'int'>
>>> age = 50
>>> type(age)
<class 'int'>
>>> age1 = 60
>>> age2 = 90
>>> age1-age2
-30
>>> age2-age1
30
>>> age1+age2
150
>>> age1*age2
5400
>>> age1/age2
0.6666666666666666
>>> age1%age2
60
String:
String will always be in Quotation Mark. That can be single or double quotation.
>>> Name="Kakoli"
>>> type(Name)
<class 'str'>
>>>
>>> FirstName= "Quazi"
>>> MiddleName= "Mahmudul"
>>> LastName= "Huq"
 >>> FullName= FirstName +MiddleName +LastName
>>> FullName
'QuaziMahmudulHuq'
>>> FullName= FirstName+" "+MiddleName+" "+LastName
>>> FullName
'Quazi Mahmudul Huq'

Slicing the String:

Python slicing is about obtaining a sub-string from the given string by slicing it respectively from start to
end.

Index tracker for positive and negative index:

Python Start index counting from 0. Negative comes into considers when tracking the string in reverse.

>>> FullName
'Quazi Mahmudul Huq'
We want to find 6th Character of given string of FullName (Note: Space is also a value here)
>>> FullName[6]
'M'
We want to find 6th Character of given string of FullName
>>> FullName[0]
 'Q'

Here want to find 1st Name:

>>> FullName[0:5]
'Quazi'
Here [0:5] means that from 0 to before 5. Not from 0 to 5.
>>> FullName[0:18]
'Quazi Mahmudul Huq'
>>>

List
A list is a collection which is ordered and changeable. Allows duplicate members. In Python lists are
written with square brackets.

>>> list=["Cat","Dog","Cow","Goat"]
>>> type(list)
0: <class 'list'>
List Serial No. start with 0
>>> list[0]
1: 'Cat'
>>> list[1]
2: 'Dog'
>>> list[2]
3: 'Cow'
>>> list[3]
4: 'Goat'
>>> list
5: ['Cat', 'Dog', 'Cow', 'Goat']
 >>> num1=[10, 20, 30]
>>> num2=[40, 50]
>>> num3=num1+num2
>>> num3
6: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
>>> type(num3)
7: <class 'list'>
Delete from list:
>>> del list[1]
>>> list
8: ['Cat', 'Cow', 'Goat']
Add to list:
>>> list.append("Dog")
>>> list
9: ['Cat', 'Cow', 'Goat', 'Dog']
Check Length of List:
>>> len(list)
10: 4
You can Add Same count Multiple Times:
>>> list.append("Cat")
>>> list
11: ['Cat', 'Cow', 'Goat', 'Dog', 'Cat']
Check How many times “Cat” is in the list.
>>> list.count("Cat")
12: 2
Add character in num3:
>>> num3.append(-20)
 >>> num3
13: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, -20]
Check the maximum number in num3 list:
>>> max(num3)
14: 50
Check the minimum number in num3 list:
>>> min(num3)
15: -20
Remove a number from num3 list:
>>> num3.remove(40)
>>> num3
16: [10, 20, 30, 50, -20]
Reverse order of list num3:
>>> num3.reverse()
>>> num3
18: [-20, 50, 30, 20, 10]
Sort list in ascending order:
>>> num3.sort()
>>> num3
19: [-20, 10, 20, 30, 50]

Dictionary
Python dictionary is an unordered collection of items. Each item of a dictionary has
a key/value pair.
"john":10 = Here john is key and 10 is value
Dictionaries are optimized to retrieve values when the key is known.

Example: 3 students of class 1 and their Roll Number:

 >>> class1={"john":10,"Paul":20,"Natasha":30}
>>> type(class1)
20: <class 'dict'>
Delete a key from Dictionary class1:
>>> del class1["john"]
>>> class1
21: {'Natasha': 30, 'Paul': 20}
Add a key to Dictionary class1:
>>> class1["John"]=10
>>> class1
22: {'John': 10, 'Natasha': 30, 'Paul': 20}
Find the value of Key Natasha:
>>> class1.get("Natasha")
23: 30
How many key have in class1:
>>> class1.keys()
24: dict_keys(['Paul', 'Natasha', 'John'])
Check the values in class1:
>>> class1.values()
25: dict_values([20, 30, 10])
How many items you have in Dictionary:
>>> class1.items()
26: dict_items([('Paul', 20), ('Natasha', 30), ('John', 10)])
Check Items Length:
>>> len(class1)
27: 3
Is Paul a student of class1:
 >>> "Paul" in class1
30: True
>>> "Popy" in class1
31: False

Tuple
A tuple is a collection of objects which ordered and immutable. Tuples are sequences, just like lists. The
differences between tuples and lists are, the tuples cannot be changed unlike lists and tuples use
parentheses, whereas lists use square brackets.

>>> tup1=("Jannat",10,20,30,"Rakhi")
>>> tup1
0: ('Jannat', 10, 20, 30, 'Rakhi')
>>> type(tup1)
1: <class 'tuple'>
>>> tup2=(10,20,30,40,50)
>>> tup2
2: (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
Count, how many times 20 have in tup2:
>>> tup2.count(20)
3: 1
Slicing the tuple:
>>> tup2[0:3]
4: (10, 20, 30)
Check Serial Number (index) of a value of tup2:
>>> tup2.index(40)
5: 3
We cannot update a tuple, we can delete a tuple:
>>> del tup1
>>> tup1
 Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#9>", line 1, in <module>
tup1
NameError: name 'tup1' is not defined
>>> tup2
6: (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)

Python Scripting
Modules in Python are simply Python files with a .py extension. The name of the module will be the
name of the file. A Python module can have a set of functions, classes or variables defined and
implemented. We have many built-in modules in Python.

OS (Operating System) is a built-in module

>>> import os
To see the Current Working Directory of OS:
>>> os.getcwd()
7: 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python38-32'
 The random module gives access to various useful functions and one of them being able to generate
random numbers, which is randint(). randint() is an inbuilt function of the random module  in Python3.

>>> import random

>>> r1 = random.randint(0,5)
>>> print(r1)
3
The input() function get the input from the user and returns a string by stripping a trailing newline. We need
input() function in programing necessarily because whenever we need update anything on the device so we
need to put the IP Address and our credential (username & password) so that we will use the
input() function at that time

>>> input("Enter your name: ")

Enter your name: Mahmud
8: 'Mahmud'
You should download and install notepad++ to write script.
Our Mission is to create a script program and a document file. Our target is to read the
document file in PowerShell using the Script Program.
Write a script in notepad++ as bellow:

import getpass
import sys
import telnetlib

HOST = "10.10.10.6"
user = input("Enter your telnet username: ")
password = getpass.getpass()

tn = telnetlib.Telnet(HOST)

tn.read_until(b"Username: ")
tn.write(user.encode('ascii') + b"\n")
if password:
tn.read_until(b"Password: ")
tn.write(password.encode('ascii') + b"\n")

tn.write(b"enable\n")
tn.write(b"1234\n")
tn.write(b"conf t\n")
tn.write(b"hostname CCNA\n")
tn.write(b"int loop 0\n")
tn.write(b"ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255\n")
tn.write(b"int loop 1\n")
tn.write(b"ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255\n")
tn.write(b"router ospf 10\n")
tn.write(b"network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0\n")
tn.write(b"end\n")
tn.write(b"exit\n")

print(tn.read_all().decode('ascii'))

Now save as the file named anyname.py

Save the document file.

Keep the document file and script in the same location.
Now go to PowerShell and change location to that location where you have saved your script:
PS C:\Users\Administrator> d:
PS D:\> cd '.\Network Automation\'
PS D:\Network Automation> python net.py
Enter your telnet username: admin
Password:

R1>enable
Password:
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#hostname CCNA
CCNA(config)#int loop 0
CCNA(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
CCNA(config-if)#int loop 1
CCNA(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
CCNA(config-if)#router ospf 10
CCNA(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
CCNA(config-router)#end
CCNA#exit

Now Check your Router Configuration !!!!

Loopback Interface configuration:

Web Server Configuration:
Web_Server#configure terminal
Web_Server(config)#ip http server
Web_Server(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Web_Server(config-if)#ip address 200.20.20.2 255.255.255.0
Web_Server(config-if)#no shutdown
Web_Server(config)#router ospf 10
Web_Server(config-router)#network 200.20.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Web_Server#wr

Router Configuration:
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#enable password 1234
R1(config)#username admin password 1234
R1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)#login local
R1(config-line)#transport input telnet
R1(config-line)#exit
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.6 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1#ping 10.10.10.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
.!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/46/52 ms

Configuration ESW1:
ESW1#configure terminal
ESW1(config)#enable password 1234
ESW1(config)#username admin password 1234
ESW1(config)#line vty 0 4
ESW1(config-line)#login local
ESW1(config-line)#transport input telnet
ESW1(config-line)#exit
ESW1(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/2
ESW1(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.7 255.255.255.0
ESW1(config-if)#no shutdown
ESW1#ping 10.10.10.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/270/1052 ms

Configuration ESW2:
ESW2#configure terminal
ESW2(config)#enable password 1234
ESW2(config)#username admin password 1234
ESW2(config)#line vty 0 4
ESW2(config-line)#login local
ESW2(config-line)#transport input telnet
ESW2(config-line)#exit
ESW2(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/1
ESW2(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.8 255.255.255.0
ESW2(config-if)#no shutdown
ESW2#ping 10.10.10.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 68/270/1060 ms

Now Ping from Host PC to GNS3 Router and Ethernet Switches:

PS D:\Network Automation\Test> Python Router.py
Enter your telnet username: admin
Password:

CCNA>enable
Password:
CCNA#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
CCNA(config)#hostname CCNA
CCNA(config)#int fa 1/0
CCNA(config-if)#ip address 200.20.20.1 255.255.255.0
CCNA(config-if)#no shut
CCNA(config-if)#int fa 0/1
CCNA(config-if)#no shut
CCNA(config-if)#int fa 0/1.10
CCNA(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10
CCNA(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
CCNA(config-subif)#no shut
CCNA(config-subif)#ip access-group 150 in
CCNA(config-subif)#ip dhcp pool CCNA
CCNA(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
CCNA(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.10.1
CCNA(dhcp-config)#dns-server 8.8.8.8
CCNA(dhcp-config)#router ospf 10
CCNA(config-router)#network 200.20.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
CCNA(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
CCNA(config-router)#$ 150 permit tcp host 192.168.10.2 host 200.20.20.2 eq 80
CCNA(config)#access-list 150 deny icmp host 192.168.10.2 host 200.20.20.2
CCNA(config)#access-list 150 permit ip any any
CCNA(config)#end
CCNA#wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
CCNA#exit
PS D:\Network Automation\Test>

PS D:\Network Automation\Test> python vlanMultiple.py

Enter your telnet username: admin
Password:
Telnet to host7
Telnet to host8
ESW2>enable
Password:
ESW2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
ESW2(config)#vlan 8
ESW2(config-vlan)#name Auto_VLAN_8
ESW2(config-vlan)#vlan 9
ESW2(config-vlan)#name Auto_VLAN_9
ESW2(config-vlan)#vlan 10
ESW2(config-vlan)#name Auto_VLAN_10
ESW2(config-vlan)#vlan 11
ESW2(config-vlan)#name Auto_VLAN_11
ESW2(config-vlan)#vlan 12
ESW2(config-vlan)#name Auto_VLAN_12
ESW2(config-vlan)#vlan 13
ESW2(config-vlan)#name Auto_VLAN_13
ESW2(config-vlan)#vlan 14
ESW2(config-vlan)#name Auto_VLAN_14
ESW2(config-vlan)#exit
ESW2(config)#exit
ESW2#wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
ESW2#exit

PS D:\Network Automation\Test> python ESW1.py

Enter your telnet username: admin
Password:

ESW1>enable
Password:
ESW1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
ESW1(config)#hostname CCNA
CCNA(config)#int fa 1/0
CCNA(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
CCNA(config-if)#int fa 1/1
CCNA(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
CCNA(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 10
CCNA(config-if)#int fa 1/2
CCNA(config-if)#switchport mode access
CCNA(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
CCNA(config-if)#exit
CCNA(config)#exit
CCNA#wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
CCNA#exit
Now Check your GNS3 Windows 10 Interface that It already configured from DHCP Server

Now Browse the Web Server from GNS3 Windows 10 PC:

Now Ping the GNS3 Web Server: