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Spring2022 Final AnswerSheet

[The document outlines directions for Faisal Sangeen's final exam in POGO 511. It states that students can consult class materials during the exam but cannot discuss the exam with others until after the deadline of May 3rd at 9pm. It includes an honor pledge that students must sign and provides formatting instructions for submitting exam answers. The exam consists of two parts - multiple choice questions in Part I and short answer questions in Part II.]

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Vincent Ronoh
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25 views

Spring2022 Final AnswerSheet

[The document outlines directions for Faisal Sangeen's final exam in POGO 511. It states that students can consult class materials during the exam but cannot discuss the exam with others until after the deadline of May 3rd at 9pm. It includes an honor pledge that students must sign and provides formatting instructions for submitting exam answers. The exam consists of two parts - multiple choice questions in Part I and short answer questions in Part II.]

Uploaded by

Vincent Ronoh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POGO 511

Spring 2022

Name: Faisal Sangeen

Final Exam
Directions:
 Please read and sign the Honor Pledge.
 During the duration of the exam, you are allowed to consult the class material (lecture
slides, videos, problem sets, quizzes, and exercises)
 You cannot discuss the exam with anybody else except for me until Tuesday, May 3,
2022 at 9:00 pm, which is when the exam is due.
o I won’t accept the exam if it is submitted after the deadline. So please allow extra
time to make sure the submission go through.
 Please follow the format of “Final_AnswerSheet” when answering your midterm.
 Please name your submission file "LastNameFirstName_Final" and submit your exam
in ONE PDF file.
o Students are responsible to make sure that the exam files can be open. If I can’t
open your exam file, I will consider that you have not submitted it. Therefore,
please make sure that you can open your submission file on Blackboard.
o The setup on Blackboard allows unlimited submission (just like quizzes, problem
sets, and data exercises). However, I will only grade the last submission attempt
(if you submit multiple times), just like how it is in quizzes, problem sets, and
data exercises.
 On the short-answer questions, please be sure to explain your answers and show your
work.

Tip: The questions vary in difficulty. If you get stuck on a question, skip it and move on. You
can come back to it at the end.

Honor pledge
I will not discuss with anybody the POGO 511 exam I am about to take until after Tuesday,
May 3, 2022 at 9:00 pm. I understand that even giving hints about the contents, length,
difficulty, or any other aspects of the exam, to other students or anyone else, through any
means, constitutes a breach of this pledge and represents an instance of academic
misconduct.

Faisal Sangeen
(Type or write your name here)
Name: Faisal Sangeen

Part I________________________/25

Part II________________________/75

Total ________________________/100

Part I: Multiple Choices


- Answer to Question 1: a
- Answer to Question 2: d
- Answer to Question 3: a
- Answer to Question 4: b
- Answer to Question 5: e

Part II: Short Answers


Answer to question 1a:
[2.8% of the variability in per capita income is explained by the linear model of number
of police officers and population.]
Answer to question 1b:
[When the population is held constant, an increase of one police officer is associated with
a $1.265 dollar decrease in per capita income.]
Answer to question 1c:
[When the city population is held constant and the number of police officers is increased
by three, we can expect $3.795 dollar decrease in per capita income. Based on the following
formula: pcinc = -1.265*(3) = -3.795]
Answer to question 1d:
[We are 95% confident that that an increase of one police officer is associated with an
average decrease in per capita income of between $2.465 and $0.0643 in the population, holding
city population constant.]
Answer to question 1e:
[Because p-value of 0.039 is less than the significance level of 0.05, we reject that there
is no correlation/relationship between the number of police officers and per capita income,
holding the city population constant, we find enough evidence from sample data to support the
conclusion that the number of police officers and per capita income is correlated at a 95% level
of confidence.]
Answer to question 1f:
[No, because the lower and upper bounds of the 95 percent confidence interval do not
contain $3 when we increase one police officer, and thus an increase of one police officer is not
associated with an average decrease of more than $3 in per capita income when the city
population is held constant.]
Answer to question 1g:
[Not yet, because there are other variables that may correlate with per capita income and
officers independently and are not included in our multiple regression. Education is an example
of a variable because it affects both per capita income and police officers, so we cannot conclude
that fewer police officers lead to an increase in per capita income.]
Answer to question 1h:
[ Sampling distribution of the sample slope of the variable ‘officers’

t-value = -2.09 Officers (-1.265)


H0: The population slope of the officers is 0
H1: The population slope of the officers is different from 0
Sample slope = -1.265, p-value = 0.039, and t-value = -2.09
Because p-value of 0.039 is less than alpha value of 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis
that the population slope of the officers is zero. OR since the 95% confidence interval does not
contain zero, we reject the null hypothesis that the population slope of the officers is zero.]
Answer to question 2:
[16.3 is how many standard deviations away from the mean?
Working: z = (16.3-14.5)/6/sqrt (100) = (1.8)/0.6 = 3.0 standard deviations above the mean of
14.5. The possibility of getting a sample mean that is at least 3.0 standard deviations higher than
the population mean is 0.001. Hence, the probability = 0.001]
Answer to question 3:
[p-value = 0.0183*2 = 0.0366; because the test is two-tailed, we must add the
probabilities of both tails to obtain the correct p-value.]
Answer to question 4a:
[Regression line: wage = 20.39age + 283.48]
Answer to question 4b:
[wage = 20.39*30 + 283.48 = 895.18, so a 30-year-old person can expect to earn $895.18
per month.]
Answer to question 4c:
[Because simple linear regression does not account for other variables that might also
correlate with age and wage, no causality can be established. To establish causation, we must
conduct multiple linear regressions. For example, we can include education as a variable because
it might have an independent relationship with wage and age.]
Answer to question 5a:
[
Description of variables
name varlab
wage average hourly earnings
educ years of education
exper years potential experience
tenure years with current employer
nonwhite =1 if nonwhite
female =1 if female
married =1 if married

 wage variable represents average hourly earnings


 married variable represents whether or not a person is married]

Answer to question 5b:


[STATA command: egen meanWage=mean (wage), by (married)
Tabulation of meanWage
Freq. Percent Cum.
4.843884 206 39.16 39.16
6.573469 320 60.84 100.00
Total 526 100.00

STATA computes the average wage based on whether or not a person is married. ]

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