End Sem Q1

07 December 2021

Question-1 [2*5]

a. Explain the difference between the notch filter and comb filter.
b. Explain the minimum phase and maximum phase systems.
c. Develop a method to transform a low pass filter to high pass filter.
d. Explain briefly the application of correlation.
e. Explain the difference between the DTFT and DFT.
Question 2:

a. Discuss briefly the inverse system and explain one application of inverse system. [3]
b. The system function of a communication channel is given by
𝐻(𝑧) = 1 − 0.9𝑒 . 𝑧 1 − 0.9𝑒 . 𝑧 1 − 1.5𝑒 . 𝑧 1 − 1.5𝑒 . 𝑧
Determine the system function H_c(z) of a causal and stable compensating system so that the
cascade interconnection of the two systems has a flat magnitude response. Sketch the pole-zero
plots and the magnitude and phase responses of all systems involved in the analysis. [5]
c. Check the validity of the following statements: [2]
i. The convolution of two minimum -phase sequences is always a minimum phase sequence.
ii. The sum of two minimum phase sequences is always a minimum phase.
Question-3

a. Derive the expression for the sampled signal spectrum in terms of the spectrum of the
analog signal. [5]
b. Derive the ideal interpolation function for the reconstruction of the continuous time signal
from the sampled signal in time domain. [2.5]
c. Explain briefly the linear interpolation function. [2.5]
Question-4

a. With appropriate assumptions derive the quantization noise power. [3]

b. With appropriate block diagram explain the differential predictive quantization system. [3]
c. Explain briefly the slope overload noise and the granular noise in delta modulation. [2]
d. Explain briefly the up sampling operation of discrete time signal using ideal interpolator.
[2]
Question-5

a. Explain briefly the circular convolution with an appropriate example. [3]

b. Prove that multiplication in DFT domain is equivalent to circular convolution in time
domain. [3]
c. Prove the following [4]
( )
𝑥(𝑛) ⎯⎯⎯ 𝑋(𝑘)
( )
Then 𝑥((𝑛 − 𝑙) ) ⎯⎯⎯ 𝑋(𝑘)𝑒 /

Exam Page 1
 Department of Electronics & Communication Engg.
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
END-SEMESTER EXAMINATION. Autumn 2020-21
CLASS:B.Tech (EC & EI) 5th sem. Full Marks: 50
SUBJECT: Digital Signal Processing Time: 3 hours
SUBJECT CODE: EC3601

Answer all questions.

Figures in the right hand side margin indicate marks.
All parts of a question must be answered in one place

The question paper contains two pages

1. (a) Explain briefly the minimum and maximum phase systems. [2]
(b) What is the band positioning of a bandpass signal? Find the minimum sampling rate of
an arbitrary band positioning bandpass signal. [2]
(c) Consider an ideal low pass filter with impulse response h(n) and frequency response [2]
{
1 |ω| < ωc
H (ω) =
0 ωc < |ω| < π
What is the frequency response of the filter defined by
{ (n)
h 2 n even
g (n) =
0 n odd

(d) Mention two characteristics of an ideal filter. Explain how an ideal IIR filter can be
designed. [2]
(e) Write the Parseval’s relation for the discrete time Fourier transform and discrete time
Fourier series. [2]

2. (a) Explain how geometrically the response of an LTI system can be calculated using the
location of poles and zeros. Extend it for the design of notch and comb filters. [3]
(b) Design a bandpass filter of center frequency 3KHz using (i) two poles and (ii) two poles-
zeros. Also mention among these two systems, which system has larger bandwidth and
why? [2]
(c) A 10Hz measurement signal is corrupted by 60Hz interference signal. Design a notch
filter that will cancel the interference. Take 100Hz as the sampling frequency. Design an
FIR filter using only zeros. [3]

3. (a) Consider an aperiodic signal x(n) with Fourier transform X(ω). Show that the Fourier
∑
∞
series coefficients Cky of the periodic signal y (n) = x (n − lN ) are given by
l=−∞
( )
1 2π
Cky = X k , k = 0, 1, ..., N − 1
N N
[3]
 Page 2 of 2

(b) State and prove the convolution and correlation theorems of the discrete time Fourier
transform. [2]
(c) Consider a system with real valued impulse response h(n) and frequency response H (w) =
∑
∞
|H (w)| ejθ(w) . The quantity D = n2 h2 (n) provides a measure of the ”effective
n=−∞
duration” of h(n).
i. Express D in terms of H(w).
ii. Show that D is minimized for θ(w) = 0.
[3]

4. (a) Find the transient and steady state response of the system y (n) = ay (n − 1) + x (n) to
the complex exponential input signal x (n) = Aejωn . [3]
(b) Explain briefly the inter symbol interference(ISI) and channel equalization. [2]
(c) It is known that an LTI system cannot produce frequencies that are not present in the
input. If a system creates new frequencies, it must be nonlinear and /or time varying.
Determine the frequency contents of the output of the following systems to the input signal
x (n) = A cos π4 n. (a)y (n) = x2 (n) (b) y (n) = cosπnx (n) [3]

5. (a) The system function of a communication channel is given by

( )( )( )( )( )
H (z) = 1 − 0.9ej0.4π z −1 1 − 0.9e−j0.4π z −1 1 − 1.2ej0.6π z −1 1 − 1.2e−j0.6π z −1 1 − 1.5z −1

Determine the system function Hc (z) of a causal and stable compensating system so that
the cascade interconnection of the two systems has a flat magnitude response. Sketch the
pole-zero plots of any two systems involved in the analysis process. [3]
(b) Derive the expression for the spectrum of a sampled band limited signal obtained through
ideal sampling. Find the interpolator signal for reconstruction of the original signal from
the discrete time signal. [3]

6. (a) Explain the design of optimum equiripple linear phase low pass FIR filter using alternation
theorem and Remez exchange algorithm. [5]
(b) Convert the analog filter with system function
s + 0.1
Ha (s) =
(s + 0.1)2 + 16

into a digital IIR filter by means of the bilinear transformation. The digital filter is to
have a resonant frequency of wr = π2 . [5]

End
Question 1
25 October 2021 08:06

1.(a) What is the difference between a notch filter and a comb filter? [1*5]
(b) Mention two characteristics of an ideal filter.
(c) Write the Parseval’s relation for the discrete time Fourier transform.
(d) Write the difference between direct form I and direct form II implementation.
(e) Explain briefly the homogeneous solution of constant coefficient difference equation.
2. (a) Explain how geometrically the response of an LTI system can be calculated using the
location of poles and zeros. Extend it for the design of low pass and high pass filters. [2]
(b) Design a bandpass filter of center frequency 4KHz using (i) two poles and (ii) two poles zeros.
Use the scale factor so that the response at 4KHz frequency will be one. Also mention among
these two systems, which system has larger bandwidth and why? [3]
3(a) A digital notch filter is required to remove an undesirable 60Hz hum associated with a power
supply in an ECG recording application. The sampling frequency used is Fs = 5000 samples/s. (a)
Design a second-order FIR notch filter and (b) a second order pole-zero notch filter for this
purpose. In both the cases choose the gain b0 so that |H(w)| = 0 for w = 1. [3]
(b) Explain how the low pass filter can be converted into high pass filter.[2]
4. Determine the response [5]

of the system described by the second order difference equation

to the input

.
5. A digital filter is characterized by the following properties : [1*5]
1. It is highpass and has one pole and one zero.
2. The pole is at a distance r=0.9 from the origin of the z-plane.
3. Constant signal do not pass through the system.
(a) Plot the pole-zero pattern of the filter and determine its system function H(z)
(b) Compute the magnitude response H(w) and the phase response H(w) of the filter.
(c) Normalize the frequency response H(w) so that

(d) Determine the input and output relationship in time domain.

(e) Compute the output of the system if the input is

6. (i) Determine the coefficients of a linear phase FIR filter [3]

such that:
(f) It rejects completely a frequency component at

.
(g) It’s frequency response is normalized so that

Exam Page 1
 .
(h) Compute the magnitude and phase response of the filter to check if it satisfies the requirements.
(ii). Explain briefly the design of comb filter [2]

Exam Page 2